Adhesive bonding is a well-established technique for joining materials. This article deals with the challenges of bonding metals, such as aluminium alloy EN AW-5754. To improve the strength of bonded joints, suitable surface preparation prior to bonding is essential. In this work, the surface of the aluminium alloy using three different epoxy adhesives was subjected to two different methods of surface preparation, such as laser cleaning and sanding by hand with sandpaper. The adhesion properties of the bonded surface were determined by measuring the surface roughness parameters (Ra and Rz) for different surface preparations as well as the mechanical property (tensile lap-shear strength). It was found that the bond strength of the aluminium alloy changed depending on the surface preparation and adhesive used, indicating that using the same adhesive and material with different preparation methods can lead to significant variations in bond strength. Therefore, choosing an appropriate surface preparation method that is suitable for the parts to be bonded and their surface roughness is crucial as it increases the strength of the bonded joints.

Science is built upon the continuous re-evaluation of evidence and empirical research driven by the desire for success and the fear of failure, while religion is based on the unconditional acceptance of original dogmatic traditions and fundamental principles of belief in God and eternal reward, coupled with the fear of divine punishment. Metaphysics, as the foundation of philosophical scientific thought, examines the nature of reality and existence, asking questions about what exists, why, in which time, space, and causality. Disaster risk management is an exact scientific discipline established on metaphysical examinations of causes and phenomena, along with mathematical models of prediction and consequence analysis. This paper explores the intriguing correlation between the logical relationships of metaphysical principles and disaster risk management. By delving into the philosophical realm of metaphysics, we analyze concepts such as uncertainty, causality, and the nature of reality. Drawing correlative connections, we examine the development of a logical matrix of cause and effect to better understand metaphysical principles that can timely alert decision-makers and improve their risk management strategies. Researching the interconnections of fundamental principles in the domains of risk, impact, and response capacity to crises offers a fresh perspective on addressing uncertainty and making informed decisions in complex situations. Conclusions will be defined using analytical-deductive and synthetic methods, comparing the relationship between metaphysics and applied science within the framework of the multimillennial challenges faced by humanity, from the time of Noah's flood to contemporary crises and approaches to resolving them. The paper will scientifically determine risks, impacts, and capacities for more effective responses to climatic and socio-political crises, challenging the professionalscientific community to proactively offer answers to the question: Can the acceptance and understanding of the 3D logical model of integrated application of metaphysics and risk management contribute to reducing the vulnerability of humankind?

Pediatric arrhythmology deals with studying of frequency and regularity of heart rhythm disorders in childhood. Rhythm disturbances (dysrhythmias, arrhythmias) occur as a result of disturbances in the creation or conduction of stimuli in the specific or working musculature of the heart. Simplifying the knowledge of everyday work on pediatric arrhythmias, they can originate from the atria of the heart when we speak about supraventricular arrhythmias or from the heart chambers when we talk about ventricular arrhythmias. There are currently three major problems that burden pediatric cardiologists and pediatric arrhythmologists, and which are the focus of interest in pediatrics as a whole. These are primarily sudden cardiac death in children (SCD), fetal arrhythmias (FA) and postoperative-incisional arrhythmias (IA). The development of pediatric arrhythmology is imperative in the development of pediatrics and pediatric cardiology.

Given the undeniable clinical and prognostic value, the function of the left atrium (LA) plays a leading role in the contemporary evaluation of cardiac diseases and is considered an essential morphological substrate for the development of cardiovascular diseases. It is sensitive to nervous, endocrine, and immunological stimuli. New evidence from the literature highlights the importance of fibrotic, electrical, and autonomic remodeling of the LA, introducing the concept of atrial cardiomyopathy, which is closely associated with atrial fibrillation and stroke. In the past, the diameter of the LA was the most important parameter for assessing its characteristics, but new information about the various roles of the LA has created the need for parameters that more precisely or thoroughly evaluate LA function. The function of the LA is complex, consisting of three phases: the reservoir phase (ventricular systole), the conduit phase (early diastole), and the pump phase (late diastole). The introduction of myocardial deformation analysis, or strain of the LA via speckle tracking, has achieved significant progress in detecting even subtle functional abnormalities before an increase in LA size. This method improves the diagnostic capabilities of standard echocardiographic examinations, and its diagnostic and prognostic value is sometimes comparable to more advanced and less accessible techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.

Introduction/purpose: The paper presents the multi-criteria Fuzzy DIBR-Fuzzy DIBR II-EWAA-BM-DEXi-Fuzzy LMAW model for choosing a location for crossing water obstacles by fording in a defense operation. After the identification of the criteria by experts in this field, the mentioned model was applied and the optimal point was determined. In order to test the consistency of the results and the validity of the model, experts were consulted again, and the sensitivity analysis and the comparative analysis were performed. Methods: The Fuzzy DIBR and Fuzzy DIBR II methods were used to determine the weighting coefficients of the identified criteria, while the aggregation of the expert opinions and the obtained values was performed using the EWAA and BM operators. To select the optimal location, the Fuzzy LMAW method was applied, while the linguistic descriptors were determined using the DEXi decision support system. Results: The proposed methodology made it possible to identify all the criteria that determine the choice of a location and the choice of the optimal point for crossing a water obstacle in a defense operation. The testing of the model by experts, the analysis of the sensitivity of the output results to changes in the weights of the criteria and the comparison of the obtained results with the results of other methods indicated the fact that the model is valid and that it gives consistent results. Conclusion: It was concluded that the multi-criteria model provides the necessary help to decision makers in conditions of imprecise and unspecified information and that it is applicable in real situations. Also, the proposed model takes into consideration all the aspects that must be considered when making such a complex decision and helps less experienced officers in the decision-making process, reducing the possibility of errors, which can result in human casualties. Finally, directions for further research in the field of overcoming water obstacles and multicriteria decision making are suggested.

Distributed generation (DG) especially energy acquired from renewable energy sources (RES) plays a significant role in modern power sector due to high carbon emissions around the globe. Its emerging potential is feasible by implementing microgrids as they are beneficial for networks in terms of increasing flexibility and stability, providing frequency and voltage support, power factor compensation etc. This makes the investment into microgrid incorporating RESs attractive, while at the same time reducing overall investment in the grid. Higher cost and stochastic nature of intermittent RES are complications for the implementation and operation of such solutions. This paper will analyse economic feasibility of hybrid power system (HPS) implementation consisting of a wind generator (WG), a photovoltaic system (PVS), gas combined heat and power plant (CHP) and storage batteries. Each of the elements is optimized according to power demand and RES’s potential. Technical analysis of the grid integration, parallel operation of the system and the grid is analysed with an example of a real medium-voltage distribution network operating in Bosnia and Herzegovina by using quasi-dynamic load flow simulation of one-week time-period. Finally, different operating mechanisms and strategies will be proposed, following the minimal power form the grid premise to satisfy maximum usability of RES’s potential. It is shown that implementing such HPS would be beneficial in terms of both economy and, ecology, as well as in reducing energy losses. Besides, it will reduce power supplying costs and energy losses, as well as and secure better exploitation and utilization of natural renewable energy sources. These technologies positively affect power network by decreasing the risk of network-components overloading, better exploiting the power-generation facilities based on renewable resources and positively impacting voltage profiles. Similar places, situated on remote locations, may use this analysis as an example to follow, to reduce their costs of electricity, acquire more reliable and sustainable power supply, and embrace green future.

The application of conventional electric arc welding in argon protection (TIG welding process) has limited possibilities. These limitations are primarily related to the thickness of the welded material and the need to prepare the groove for their welding. Overcoming these limitations in TIG welding was done by using activating flux, so the procedure was named ATIG (A-TIG) welding. The paper presents the results of research into the application of activating fluxes in welding austenitic stainless steel 316L with a thickness of 6 mm. By using the BC-31 and QuickTIG melters of different chemical bases, we compare the mechanical properties of the welded joints, as well as with the welded joints of the same material obtained using the conventional TIG procedure. The results show that the best mechanical properties are possessed by welded joints realized by the ATIG process using a mixture of activating fluxes BC - 31 (50%) and QuickTIG (50%) (green + white flux).

Introduction/purpose: The study of vehicle suspension is a challenge for researchers in the field of vehicles regarding the impact of the suspension system on vehicle performances such as ride comfort, road holding, and working space. This paper presents the simulation of the Land Rover Defender 110 vehicle in the roll plane (half vehicle) in Simulink/MATLAB. The obtained results were compared with the results obtained in the ADAMS/CAR software package of the Land Rover Defender 110 simulation model previously experimentally validated. The Defender 110 vehicle has a dependent suspension system in both axles and a passive suspension type with four degrees of freedom (4 DOF). Methods: The equations of the system can be solved mathematically with a scheme in Simulink/MATLAB while half-vehicle modeling has been done in ADAMS/CAR. Results: The comparison of the vehicle characteristics obtained by the two simulation methods was done for three different scenarios, and it was noticed that there is a good correlation between them. Conclusion: It was concluded that the Defender 110 vehicle simulation model in Simulink/MATLAB is validated. The validated model can be used to perform suspension system optimization in future work.

This study focuses on the theoretical analysis of the application of modeling and mathematical, particularly linear programming, in managerial processes within the agro-industrial complex. The authors have dedicated themselves specifically to defining planning processes, classifying models, and organizing production structures, including vertical and horizontal structures. Despite the fact that the benefits of linear programming have been proven, it is still not widely accepted and applied in our region. The reasons for this can be found in the relative complexity of the process, both in creating logical and mathematical models, and in interpreting results. Although there are specialized software and add-ons such as Solver in MS Excel, they are still not accessible enough to a wider range of users in the agro-industrial sector. It is evident that there is a need for the development of new specialized software solutions with user-friendly interfaces, which would make them more accessible, primarily to advisors, and then to agricultural producers.

Paper presents a model for the optimization of primary milk production in the hillymountainous regions of the Republic of Serbia. The goal of creating the model is to demonstrate and analyze the conditions and outcomes of production at the farm, while to find the optimal production structure, considering the organizational, economic, technical, and technological circumstances in which the farm performs its agricultural activities. The model is based on the linear programming optimization method. A mathematical model, or objective function, was established, and constraints were identified. A logical model was created for optimization. The main goal of solving the linear programming problem is to find the maximum or minimum of the objective function. In presented model, the task is to maximize the objective function, what is represented by the farm's net income. By using the linear programming, it is possible to determine the optimal quantities of resources and products to maximize net income, while adhering to resource constraints and other relevant factors.

Fine motor skills are a good indicator of a child’s overall development. They underpin almost all everyday activities from self-care skills such as dressing to academic skills such as writing and drawing. In this study we examined the development of fine motor skills of early elementary school children. The sample for this study consisted of 175 children (93 boys, 82 girls, mean age= 120 months; SD = 10.7 months). attending 3rd, 4th, and 5th grades. We used Grooved Pegboard test for measuring fine motor skills. We found a medium, statistically significant, correlation between age and motor skills, with stronger correlation at younger age. In relation to child’s grade, there were statistically significant differences in motor skills between children attending 3rd and 4th grade, but no differences between children in 4th and 5th grade. As for the gender, there were no mean differences between boys and girls in the 3rd grade, but there were differences in 4th and 5th grade with girls achieving statistically significantly better scores on Grooved Pegboard test. Fine motor skills should routinely be examined in children and appropriate remediation programs should be set if a child falls behind in motor skills. We concluded a paper with several ways how elementary schools can include fine motor exercises in their curricula.

Here we will focus on two of the four indexed biomedical journals that were published in Sarajevo during wartime conditions in 1992-1995. The first is the Medical Archives, which was founded in 1947 and whose last editor until 1991 was the respected Academician Mirko Grujic, and whose last edited issue remained in storage (then the printing was done on Heidelberg machines and the text was typed using lead letters) and that unprinted issue – the number one volume in 1991 never even came out. Given that the contracts with the strongest index database MEDLINE included the Contract of the Assembly of doctors of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), which at that time was the owner of the journal, and the pause in printing had already been going on for two years, Medline withdrew this journal as well. Numerous correspondences with the main responsible person Mr. Sheldon Kotzin, we received an unexpected consent from the Medline database to try to fill the gap with at least a few double-issues within 6 months, and Medline will meet us and reactivate the depositing of the Medical Archive in Medline. In addition to these facts, I was reminded of the incredible activities related to the preparation and printing of 47 books and monographs out of a total of 98 in B&H in the war period 1992-1995, and their list is in the attached tables. Those war publications were created in various ways. Very important collection of published monographs are printed during wartime written by very famous scientists from Golden Arabic Ages: Ibn Sina, Ibn Haitham, Ibn Rushd, Ibn Nafis, Al Biruni, Ar Razi, which has been forgotten, translated by famous professors Sakir Sikiric and Hamdija Karamehmedovic until 1962. In addition to these facts, I was reminded of the incredible activities related to the preparation and printing of 4 scientific journals out of 8 biomedicine which today indexed journals in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Very important item from wartime was recording documetary movie "Amputation or Reconstruction in Wartime Conditions" recorded by Izet Masic and Zoran Ridjanovic which made in 1994 and showen in Lisbon during MIE '94 Conefernce as one of war miracles. Finaly, during wartime in B&H Avicena organized and published Proceedings of ten scientific meetings held in sieged Sarajevo and all presented papers were published and deposited in PubMed Central database. Total amount of published books and monographs during past thirty years is more than 200, and, also published papers by Avicena during 30 years in four Avicena Publisher's journals have number more than 15,000 papers writen at least by 60,000 authors, from over 50 countries from all continents, and almost a half of them are stored in most influential indexed databases. It is incredible job of one very small publisher from small countriy.

Background: The Social Medicine and organization of health is science organized on the application of modern medicine principles in the health care of human groups and nations. The significant difference of social medicine from clinical disciplines is that the clinical medicine deals with problems of individuals and social medicine is devoted to community health and illness of the family, schools and work organizations from population groups to the overall people of one area or country. Public health refers to all organized measures (whether public or private) to prevent disease, promote health and prolong life among the population as a whole. Its activities aim to provide conditions in which people can be healthy and focus on entire populations, not on individual patients or diseases . Objective: The aims of this article are to show, based on the available literature: a) The development of Social medicine and Public health in the World and Bosnia and Herzegovina from the medieval period until the today. b) The most significant historical events that marked the development of Social medicine and Public health with emfesized most important scientists and discoverers with their achievements. Methods: The subject of this study was the development of Social medicine and Public health in the world and in the areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina from the uncient peertiod until today. In order to achieve the set goals, a) Retreival of professional and scientific literature; and b) Search of scientific databases and web pages on the Internet that offer adequate and relevant data and historical facts related to the subject of studies were carried out. Most of the facts are covered in previously published articles by the author of this paper and deposited in the PubMed and PubMed Central databases, as well as in books and monographs by the author of this text. Results and Discussion: Social medicine with the organization of the health care system is the scientific discipline, defined by the huge contents, clear goal and specific methodology. It has been presented flow of socio-medical development and implementation on worldwide during the past. Public health was defined by Charles-Edward A. Winslow, in 1920. as „the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts for the sanitation of the environment, the control of community infections, the education of the individual in principles of personal hygiene, the organization of medical and nursing service for the early diagnosis and preventive treatment of disease, and the development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health“. The names of those who are deserved for socio-medical development and its insufficiency on the organization on health system and some specific parts of it. Social medicine, and Public health as sciences and profession had high level among other disciplines, but also as profession per se, specially at the international level. There is huge evidence of numerous projects, books, papers, recognized by indigenous and international audience. Conclusion: The most importants role in organizatiionn and realization of all kind of public health activities and measures at every healthcare protection levels has World Health Organization (WHO) with its brench offices at all continents and all countries in the world. The author described information flow how it was happened during the history of its development.