This research aims to enhance airport infrastructure development in Croatia by focusing on the establishment of a training and school airport near Šibenik, integrating modern design principles and addressing functional needs to support aviation education and training while promoting regional economic growth. This chapter focuses on the theoretical characteristics of project management throughout the project cycle, emphasizing their relevance to the sustainable development of airport infrastructure within the context of transport economics. The case study of an airport near Sibenik serves as a critical foundation for proposing a universal model that integrates airport infrastructure, project management, and metrological steps for integration. Key elements such as legal frameworks governing air transport development are evaluated to ensure the model's applicability and effectiveness within the Croatian air transport system, demonstrating its potential as a viable approach for enhancing sustainable airport operations.

This study analyses the yield movements of green bonds and municipal bonds in the United States over the past decade. The main hypothesis of the research is that green bonds have lower average yields compared to conventional municipal bonds. The study utilizes data from the S&P U.S. Municipal Green Bond Index and the S&P U.S. Municipal Bond Index. The research methodology includes descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hypothesis testing (F-test and Ttest). The results show a high positive correlation between the yields of green and conventional municipal bonds, indicating similar market behaviour. At the same time, the results suggest that green municipal bonds have slightly lower average yields than conventional municipal bonds, but this difference is not statistically significant. These findings are consistent with some previous studies that found no significant difference in yields between green and conventional bonds. Possible reasons for this include the lack of difference in credit risk between green and conventional municipal bonds. The study has certain limitations, such as its focus on a single market (the U.S.) and one segment (local governments), as well as a relatively short time period. Future research could focus on other markets, longer time periods, and alternative methods of analysis.

Traffic engineering is experiencing a significant transformation with the integration of Artificial Intelligence. AI-driven systems provide real-time traffic and transport monitoring, predictive analytics, and autonomous control, improving efficiency, safety, and sustainability. However, human intelligence remains essential for supervision, regulation, and ethical considerations. The coexistence and integration of AI and human intelligence in traffic engineering create a hybrid approach that maximizes strengths while minimizing weaknesses. A balanced coexistence between AI and human expertise should lead to smarter, safer, more sustainable, and more adaptable traffic systems. This paper explores the coexistence of AI in traffic engineering and the role of human engineers guided by artificial intelligence.

The primary goal of this research is to objectively determine the actual state of nutrition in younger school-aged students, of both sexes, from four primary schools in the Odžaci municipality of the Republic of Serbia. The sample of respondents consisted of younger school age students from four primary schools from the area of the Odžaci municipality (R. Serbia). The total sample of respondents consisted of 93 students of both sexes, of which 42 were boys and 51 were girls. For research needs, basic anthropometric measurements, body height and body weight were applied, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on the aforementioned. The BMI was used for the purpose of assessing the nutrition of respondents - students in individual groups.All collected data was processed using descriptive and comparative statistics. The arithmetic mean, standard deviation, maximum and minimum measurement values were calculated from the descriptive statistics area, while the t test of independent samples was used from the comparative statistics area. The research results show that the prevalence of obesity among younger school age students is 19.4%, while another 16.1% of students are at risk of obesity. Boys and girls did not differ significantly in BMI. Respondents - older students on average have higher BMI values than younger students, but obesity was not found to be more prevalent in any of the examined age groups.The obtained results enable the design of strategies for further research on younger school age children, for the purpose of monitoring growth and development, as well as the possibility of determining certain standards of psychophysical preparedness of children for going to school, successful school attendance and inclusion in various physical activity programs.

Nutrition plays a crucial role in sports. Diet has an important role in human health, especially when the nutritional needs have to be adjusted for different sports. The aim of this study was to find how did COVID-19 impact nutrition and physical activity among students of AAB college. A survey was conducted among students of AAB College from 12-30 April 2023. The survey link was spread to students using Email. Questionnaire included questions regarding: height, weight, physical activity, nutrition, food supplements, during COVID-19 and after COVID-19. A total of 296 students completed the questionnaire, consisting of 211 females and 85 males. Economics had the highest number of students (22.3%) and Mass Communication had the lowest (2.4%); the statistical test (Chi-square) shows a significant difference between the fields. Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicates a significant difference, there is a notable difference in BMI between during COVID-19 and after COVID-19. Consumption of meat and cereals changed significantly during and after COVID-19 (χ² = 9.33, p = 0.003), χ²= 20.06, p = 0.000. Consumption of fruits, vegetables, dairy products, and foods high in fat, sugar, and salt did not change significantly. Physical activity levels during and after COVID-19 also showed a significant change (χ² = 4.96, p = 0.033), indicating that some students started exercising again. Consumption of meat and cereals changed significantly during and after COVID-19 and the importance of wellbeing (nutrition, physical activity) can be used as an incentive to maintain an active lifestyle and healthy food consumption.

SUMMARY – The aim of this research was to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of primary health care workers. This prospective research included 107 medical (51.5%) and non-medical (48.5%) employees of Health Center (HC) Mostar. Data were gathered using a questionnaire that contained the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) and a validated short questionnaire of human mental health (MHI-5) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most respondents were < 45 years of age. There was no statistically significant difference between medical and non-medical staff on both the DASS-21 and MHI-5 scales. Also, no statistically significant difference was found in the subcategorization of medical staff. The prevalence of stress in the subjects was 30%, anxiety 54% and depression 31%. A multivariate logistic regression model found that age > 45 years (OR = 0.509; P = 0.016) and opiate use (OR = 0.203; P = 0.023) were positively associated with depression ( P = 0.042). The overall crisis related to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to various psychological difficulties in the general population, but also in a significant percentage of healthcare workers at all levels of healthcare. Therefore, new approaches are necessary in the treatment of the mentioned mental health problems.

Colorectal cancer represents a significant global health burden, impacting millions of lives each year. Beyond the immediate challenges of diagnosis and treatment, colorectal cancer patients often face a cascade of complex issues affecting their quality of life, including impaired nutritional status and compromised health. The aim of this study was to examine initial nutritional and health status of patients with colorectal cancer. Basic anthropometric measurements were collected from 45 colorectal cancer patients at the initial nutritional counselling and prior to the start of treatment. At the same time, health-related quality of life was examined using a 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). Results show weight loss amongst a substantial proportion of patients in the three months prior to the first nutrition counseling, 68.9% of patients lost weight, and 15.6% of patients gained weight. Patients with right-sided colorectal cancer have unfavorable anthropometric indices in comparison to left-sided colorectal cancer patients including lower muscle mass, higher waist to hip ratio, body fat, visceral fat index and higher waist circumference. In regard to health-related quality of life, the results show that right-sided and left-sided colorectal cancer patients significantly differ only in emotional functioning (p=0.036). Early nutritional assessment and implementation of nutritional support can contribute to the quality of life and maintenance of normal nutritional status in patients with colorectal cancer

Introduction. Acute post-thoracotomy pain remains a significant clinical challenge, potentially impairing recovery, increasing opioid consumption, and contributing to the development of chronic post-thoracotomy pain. Pregabalin is increasingly incorporated into multimodal perioperative analgesic protocols; however, the optimal timing of its administration remains uncertain. Material and Methods. This prospective, randomized, double-blind study included 40 patients undergoing elective thoracotomy for lung surgery. Patients were randomly allocated using a sealed-envelope method into two groups. Group A received pregabalin 150 mg orally the evening before surgery and 2 hours preoperatively. Group B received pregabalin 75 mg orally the evening before surgery and 2 hours preoperatively, followed by an additional 150 mg postoperative dose on the day of surgery. Postoperative pain intensity was assessed using the Numerical Rating Scale over 48 hours. Total opioid consumption, sedation scores, and adverse effects were also recorded. Results. Demographic and perioperative characteristics were comparable between groups. During the first 24 postoperative hours, pain scores and cumulative opioid consumption did not differ significantly. On postoperative day one, Group B demonstrated significantly lower pain scores at 36 hours (p = 0.035) and borderline statistical significance at 48 hours (p = 0.061). There were no statistically significant differences in total opioid requirements, sedation scores, or incidence of adverse effects between groups. Conclusion. Perioperative pregabalin administration including an additional postoperative dose provides superior analgesia during the first postoperative day compared with preoperative administration alone, without increasing opioid consumption or sedation. These findings suggest that dosing timing plays an important role in optimizing acute post-thoracotomy pain management.

Introduction. HPV infection is highly prevalent worldwide and is a major risk factor for cervical cancer. Results. Abnormal Pap smear findings were detected in 26.3% of women. HPV infection was confirmed in 15.3% of tested women. High-risk HPV genotypes predominated, with HPV 16 being the most frequently identified genotype (42.8%). Conclusion. The findings highlight a strong association between HPV infection and abnormal Pap smear results, emphasizing the importance of HPV testing in primary healthcare for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer. Key words: human papillomavirus, HPV genotyping, Pap test

Material properties are crucial factors in the modern world, influencing products quality, functionality and overall durability. Knowledge of these critical mechanical properties of materials used in a vast array of industrial and consumer products, transportation, construction, healthcare, and advanced manufacturing is essential to preventing health and safety hazards, controlling the costs of production and creating better-designed, more durable and higher quality products. Hardness is an extremely important material property describing a material’s resistance to localized deformation from an indenter pressing or scraping against its surface. It is determined by measuring the indentation size realised on the tested material surface. This can be done by different hardness testing methods, like the Brinell, Vickers and Knoop (BVK) scales. Hardness is not a physical quantity; it is a method-based quantity and thus the definition of the method and the measurands subject to consideration in hardness are very critical. The uniform use and recognition of such methods require the establishment of accurate, reliable and consistent reference standards at the NMI level and a link to end-user measurements for the lowest level tests in workshops, guaranteeing a continuous traceability chain. However, hardness measurement results are frequently inconsistent with the nominal values of the blocks, highlighting the lack of detailed, standardised measurement methodology and instrumentation, although all instruments used are compliant with relevant ISO hardness standards from a length measurement point of view. This can be attributed to a lack of a commonly accepted definition of the measurand (indentation) and uniformity in the methodology used, as well as a lack of traceability between NMIs and from the NMI level to the end user. The project 22RPT01 TracInd BVK-H addresses these challenges by establishing a unified, traceable, and scientifically robust framework for BVK hardness testing. The proposed solution to the problem of inconsistent hardness measurements consists of defining universally agreed-upon definitions for indentation boundaries and measurement conditions, therefore providing a consistent starting point for the propagation down the traceability chain. Building on this, new long-term stable and high-quality reference indentations to be used as transfer standards are being developed. The proposed set of reference indentations will ensure the traceability of real indentation measurements in three dimensions rather than two dimensions as is currently possible, eliminating errors caused by the varying imaging systems and magnifications in use. This is accompanied by the development of advanced uncertainty models for BVK hardness tests, a methodology to ensure traceable measurements from primary standards to the end-user, and automation of hardness measurements in order to address challenges associated with operator subjectivity and significantly enhance reproducibility. The consortium, consisting of leading NMIs, universities and manufacturers, will disseminate the project’s findings to international metrology and standardization organizations, including the CIPM and ISO. Recommendations for next-generation hardness instruments will guide manufacturers, resulting in instruments producing more consistent results and therefore significant advance hardness metrology at all traceability levels. By addressing longstanding inconsistencies in hardness testing, this project is enhancing the scientific rigor of hardness metrology and enabling more reliable uniform testing on a global scale.

Background: Schizophrenia is a complex and debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms that are categorized into distinct positive, negative, disorganization and cognitive symptom domains. It remains one of the most intriguing psychiatric research topics with a worldwide prevalence of 1% leading to lifelong disability in more than 50% of the sufferers. As a psychopathological entity, schizophrenia reflects the specific existential context of an individual, while maintaining a consistent core in regard to all stable and diagnostically relevant characteristics. In terms of content, schizophrenic manifestations display an abundance of individual differences, while the pattern related to symptoms and the course of the disease remains the same. No other disease can so radically damage the personality of the patient and potentially destroy the very foundations of what we consider to be the essential part of every human being. In medical terms, it is primarily a neurocognitive or neurobiological disorder. The outcome of the disease is better in female patients compared to male patients who have a higher risk of rehospitalization and twice as long duration of hospital treatment. An earlier onset of the disease in male patients, negative symptoms and a more severe clinical picture are noted, with a less promising therapeutic response to neuroleptics. The onset of negative symptoms is more variable. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation of positive and negative symptoms (PANSS scores) and quality of life (The Flanagan scale) in patients with schizophrenia according to gender. Methods: The sample included 40 subjects with schizophrenia (21 males; 19 females). The study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Results: All male subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of 17 or higher, while all female subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of less than 17. While the difference in the variances is not statistically significant, the results show that the difference in the average values of the PANSS symptom score between male and female subjects is statistically significant for both positive and negative symptoms (p=0.026). The average score on the quality of life assessment scale for the observed group was 48.5 with a standard deviation of 5.6. The distribution of results on the Flanagan quality of life assessment scale (QOLS)deviates somewhat from the imaginary distribution of the normal distribution only in the area of higher and lower values, without the presence of distinct extremes. Negative symptoms were associated with different QOLS domains, but both positive symptom clusters showed no substantial association with QOLS. Conclusion: This aspect of the illness may account for the low level of emotional expression and neuromotor dysfunction in infants who subsequently have schizophrenia. In other patients, the negative symptoms first occur after the onset of psychosis. As a psychopathological entity, schizophrenia reflects the specific existential context of an individual, while maintaining a consistent core in regard to all stable and diagnostically relevant characteristics.

This paper presents the development of a system for parallelized real-time processing of Wi-Fi signals using the ESP32 microcontroller. By utilizing its dual-core architecture and the FreeRTOS operating system, simultaneous acquisition and processing of network data are achieved, resulting in reduced latency and improved system response. The user can select among several processing algorithms – median filter, low-pass filter, autocorrect, moving average, or event detection – with real-time graphical visualization via the Arduino Serial Plotter. The implemented system demonstrates that ESP32 can efficiently execute complex signal processing tasks, making it suitable for IoT devices, presence monitoring systems, and smart environments requiring fast and reliable wireless data analysis.