Modern lifestyle, the abundance of high-calorie food, and the lack of physical activity have led to a global increase in obesity rates. In this context, the development of smart fitness equipment powered by artificial intelligence (AI) represents significant potential for enhancing physical activity, monitoring health parameters, and providing personalized guidance for weight loss and fitness improvement. This paper explores the functionalities and advantages of AI-equipped fitness devices, including physiological parameter monitoring, motion analysis through computer vision, detection of improper exercise execution, and automated adjustment of training plans. Special attention is given to the role of these technologies in obesity prevention among adults, as well as their potential for early detection of health risks. In addition to the literature review, the paper incorporates a practical case study conducted in Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where AI-integrated smart fitness equipment is already in use. This example illustrates the real-world implementation of such technologies and highlights their relevance for improving public health outcomes. Through a combined methodological approach, the paper examines actual and practical examples of successful applications of AI-powered fitness systems and discusses the challenges of their broader implementation within the context of public health.

This paper explores the transformative impact of digital technologies on the fitness industry, focusing specifically on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing modern exercise equipment. By analyzing the needs of recreational users and professional athletes, it examines how AI-driven fitness devices optimize personalization, improve performance tracking, and elevate the overall user experience. Using G&S Premium Gym in Bijeljina—the first fitness center in Bosnia and Herzegovina to integrate AI-powered equipment—as a case study, the paper delves into the technical specifications, functionality, and user interaction with these advanced machines. Key findings reveal that AI technologies significantly enhance training efficiency and customization, contributing to measurable improvements in user satisfaction and physical performance. However, challenges persist, particularly regarding technology accessibility, user digital literacy, and data privacy concerns. The research highlights the potential for AI to redefine standards in recreation while addressing these challenges. Recommendations for future research and implementation emphasize the importance of affordable, user-friendly AI solutions and improved data security measures.

The paper examines the application of the principle of opportunity in juvenile criminal proceedings across different legal systems. The principle of opportunity, as opposed to the principle of legality, allows prosecutors to refrain from initiating or continuing criminal proceedings when doing so serves the interests of justice, rehabilitation, or social reintegration. The paper provides a comparative analysis of various jurisdictions, highlighting differences in legal frameworks, prosecutorial authority, and policy rationales behind the discretionary prosecution of juvenile offenders. It assesses how different legal systems balance the need for accountability with the fundamental principles of juvenile justice, such as the best interests of the child, proportionality, and diversion from formal criminal proceedings. The study also evaluates the safeguards and limitations imposed on prosecutorial discretion to prevent arbitrariness, discrimination, or excessive leniency. The paper ultimately argues that an appropriately structured system of prosecutorial discretion can enhance the effectiveness of juvenile justice by prioritizing rehabilitative measures over punitive sanctions. Through a comparative lens, the research underscores the importance of a balanced approach in juvenile justice policies, advocating for a legal framework that safeguards due process while promoting the social reintegration of young offenders.

Numerous and varied factors influence the selection of academic studies; however, these factors often correlate with the structure of young people seeking to enroll in a specific program. This paper aims to identify and assess the determinants affecting study choices based on the demographic profile of the respondents, which includes parameters such as gender, type of high school education completed, and arrivals/nationality. The survey and interview was conducted among first-cycle students in tourism and environmental protection studies during the winter semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The findings revealed that the key factors affecting the choice of academic program include its dual conception (tourism & environmental protection), popularity, and the perceived value-prosperity of the diploma. Notably, the popularity of the program is deemed more significant by male students and those with vocational backgrounds compared to female students and gymnasium graduates, for whom the value of the diploma holds greater importance. Additionally, for international students, the conceptual framework of the academic program remains the most critical factor.

Solar energy is increasingly gaining significance as an essential part of sustainable development and the transition to cleaner forms of energy. Its application helps reduce dependence on fossil fuels, contributes to the reduction of harmful gas emissions, and offers numerous economic and ecological benefits. This paper examines the role of solar energy in creating a greener energy system, focusing on the technical, economic, and environmental aspects of its application. The paper begins by reviewing global capacities and current trends in solar energy usage, with special emphasis on technological advancements that enable greater efficiency of solar systems. It then analyzes financial aspects, including initial costs, subsidy opportunities, and the long-term profitability of investments in this technology. The ecological benefits of solar energy are also an important focus, ranging from reduced carbon dioxide emissions to preserving natural resources and improving air quality. One of the key elements of the paper is the evaluation of solar system efficiency, as precise measurement is essential for making informed decisions about their implementation and profitability. In this context, factors such as production capacity, efficiency, economic sustainability, and comparisons with other renewable energy sources are considered. The paper also addresses challenges—barriers related to infrastructure, financing, and regulatory frameworks continue to hinder the broader adoption of solar energy. Solar energy holds significant potential for transforming the energy sector toward a more sustainable model. However, to fully realize this potential, it is essential to continue the development of advanced technologies, ensure better integration of solar systems into existing grids, and enhance institutional and regulatory support. Systematic investment in innovation and strengthening international cooperation can significantly contribute to global efforts in combating climate change and ensuring energy stability.

The research was conducted on a sample of N=1850 students from the 2nd to the 5th grade of elementary school, of which there were N=989 (53%) male respondents and N=861 (47%) female respondents. The research aimed to determine the differences in morphological characteristics and motor abilities between boys and girls from the 2nd to the 5th grade of elementary school. The descriptive statistical method and the t-test for independent samples were applied from the statistical methods. The statistical program for personal computers, SPSS for Windows version 22, was used for data processing. Analyzing the results of morphological characteristics, it was determined that boys have a higher body mass index (BMI) and skin fold on the back (subscapular) than girls. No differences were found in the skin fold of the upper arm (triceps) and the skin folds on the abdomen (suprailiac). Analyzing the results of motor skills, it was determined that boys are better at reaching in a squat (flexibility), lying/squatting (trunk strength), and resisting in a push-up (functional strength). At the same time, girls are better at the standing long jump (explosive leg strength) and hand strength (static strength). All the mentioned tests were statistically significant at the level of less than 1% (p

The study was conducted on a sample of 146 respondents - lower grade elementary school students, chronological age 7 - 11 years old, in the urban area of the city of Banja Luka. The total sample of respondents was divided into five subsamples according to chronological age. The main objective of the study was to determine the frequency and structure of postural disorders of the spinal column in the studied sample of subjects, as well as the differences in the prevalence of postural disorders with respect to the chronological age of the subjects, using a transversal cross-section. To assess the prevalence and differences in postural disorders of the spinal column, disorders in the sagittal plane (kyphosis and lordosis) and disorders in the frontal plane (scoliosis) were analyzed. The degree of postural disorders of the spinal column was determined using Contingency Tables - calculating frequencies (F) and percentages (%). The statistical significance of the differences in the prevalence of postural disorders of the spinal column in the sagittal (kyphosis and lordosis) and frontal planes (scoliosis) in lower elementary school students was determined using Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the differences in relation to their chronological age for each type of disorder were determined using the analysis of the results of the Post Hock comparison test. The degree of postural disorders of the spinal column determined by Contingency Tables - by calculating the frequency (F) and percentage (%) indicates a significant percentage of spinal column disorders (kyphosis 21.2%, scoliosis 19.9%, lordosis 19.2%), mainly in the first degree of deformation (minor deviation from the normal status), which allows for correction of the condition with the application of adequate corrective exercises in working with students of this age. The results of the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that the prevalence of kyphosis is statistically significant at the level of statistical significance p

The study was conducted on a sample of 50 female respondents - girls from the Primary School “Sveti Sava” and the Primary School “Sutjeska” from Modriča, aged 10 to 12 years, who train volleyball in the Volleyball Club “Modriča - Novoprom” from Modriča, with the aim of determining partial and global quantitative changes in the applied morphological characteristics that occurred under the influence of a specially defined volleyball program lasting six months. The study used a set of 12 variables to assess morphological characteristics measured according to the instructions of the International Biological Program (IBP). To determine partial quantitative changes (differences) of the applied morphological characteristics, the results of the T test analysis were applied, and to determine quantitative changes (differences) of morphological characteristics at the global level, canonical discriminant analysis was applied. The results of the T test and canonical discriminant analysis show that under the influence of the programmed volleyball work for six months, statistically significant partial and global changes (differences) occurred in the space of morphological characteristics that can be attributed to the influence of the applied volleyball program, but changes in the biological growth and development of the subjects that are characteristic of the age group 10-12 years should not be ignored. The obtained results may be useful for coaches of younger volleyball selections in volleyball clubs and volleyball schools, and physical education teachers in quality programming of the training and teaching process with younger age categories of girls.

Psychological violence among adolescents and young adults represents a significant challenge for both public health and the educational system, with long-term consequences for mental well-being. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and forms of psychological violence among individuals aged 12 to 24, as well as their awareness and personal experiences related to this issue. The research was conducted on a sample of 75 participants aged between 12 and 24 years, using a structured questionnaire that included demographic data, experiences with psychological violence, and familiarity with protective responses. The results revealed that a considerable number of participants had been exposed to various forms of psychological violence, including verbal abuse, social exclusion, and rejection. The study provides insight into the extent of psychological violence in this age group and indicates the need for further support measures. The discussion emphasizes the importance of involving students, parents, and teaching staff in efforts aimed at fostering emotional literacy and non-violent communication. Further research and programmatic development are recommended to enhance supportive strategies in school environments.

The research was conducted on a sample of 102 respondents (teachers) employed in primary schools in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main objective of the research is to determine the attitudes and opinions and possible differences of the respondents on the specifics of the relationship between developmentally appropriate practice and gifted students who move from classroom to subject teaching within the individual curriculum, considering the gender, employment status, age and level of education of the respondents. The research used a five-point Likert scale questionnaire in which each statement was marked with 5 answers (1-I completely disagree, 2-I disagree, 3-I have no opinion/I am neutral, 4-I agree, 5-I completely agree). The questionnaire included general data on the respondents (gender, workplace/position, age, level of education) and 5 indicators of developmentally appropriate practice with a scale of indicators of developmentally appropriate practice in supporting students’ giftedness. For all indicators of teachers’ attitudes about the specificity of the relationship between developmentally appropriate practice and gifted students in sports who move from classroom to subject teaching within the individual curriculum, basic descriptive statistical parameters (arithmetic mean -AS and standard deviation -St. Dev.) were calculated and determined. To determine the statistical significance of differences between groups of respondents, the results of the t-test and analysis of variance of different groups with LSD Post Hoc comparison tests were applied. The arithmetic mean (AS) of all indicators of 3.92 shows that teachers/educators agree very well with the statements about developmentally appropriate practice. The standard deviation (SD) value of 0.82 indicates that the dispersion around the arithmetic mean is very weak, which is confirmed by the coefficient of variability (CV) of 20.92% and thus the very good homogeneity of the results obtained for this sample of respondents. The results of the T test and analysis of variance with LSD Post Hoc comparison tests indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the attitudes of the respondents about the specificity of the relationship between developmentally appropriate practice and gifted students in sports who move from classroom to subject teaching within the individual curriculum with regard to gender, age and level of education of the respondents. The difference was determined only among the respondents with regard to employment status. In general, it can be concluded that teachers/educators have uniform attitudes about the specificity of the relationship between developmentally appropriate practice and gifted students in sports who move from classroom to subject teaching within the individual curriculum. The significance of the results obtained is that in this way, continuous and quality development of gifted students in sports who move from classroom to subject teaching can be ensured.

Background/Aim. Balance problems in post-stroke patients should be recognized and treated with the most effective rehabilitation approaches. The aim of this study was to assess a group exercise program with chairs for improving balance and walking ability in post-stroke patients. Methods. This single-blind, randomized, controlled study included 86 post-stroke patients recruited from the only inpatient rehabilitation facility in the country. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: a group that had conventional rehabilitation only (control group) or a group that had a group exercise program with chairs, along with the conventional rehabilitation (treatment group). The methodology encompassed examination of demographics, history, clinical (balance was assessed using a Berg Balance Scale - BBS), and functional characteristics (walking ability and ability to use stairs). The assessments were made at baseline and after three weeks of rehabilitation. Results. All participants completed the exercise program. According to BBS, the balance improved in both examined groups: by 3.16 ? 2.16 (t = -4.989; p = 0.001) in the control group and by 8.33 ? 5.85 (t = -9.326; p = 0.001) in the treatment group. Significant improvement in balance and walking ability was registered in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion. Group exercises with chairs appear to be effective in improving balance and stroke rehabilitation in post-stroke patients.

In a time marked by climate change and the depletion of natural resources, solar energy is increasingly recognized as a key driver of sustainable development. This paper analyzes the role of solar energy in the energy transition, focusing on its technical capabilities, economic benefits, and potential for job creation. Furthermore, it explores how the synergy between technological advancement and market mechanisms can accelerate the replacement of fossil fuels and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The technical section outlines recent progress in photovoltaic technologies, improvements in solar panel efficiency, cost reductions in production, and the role of smart grids in integrating renewable sources into the energy system. Through an analysis of market trends, the importance of investments in renewable energy, subsidy mechanisms, tax incentives, and public-private partnerships in expanding solar capacity is emphasized. From an economic perspective, the paper explores the potential of the solar industry to create jobs–ranging from manufacturing and installation to maintenance and research. Utilizing available statistical data and models, the study demonstrates that investments in the solar sector yield multiple benefits: energy sovereignty, reduced dependence on fossil fuel imports, and the creation of new economic opportunities in both rural and urban areas. Case studies from countries that have successfully implemented solar strategies (e.g., Germany, Spain, and India) highlight key success factors and foreseeable obstacles that can be addressed proactively. Special attention is given to the role of public policy and regulatory frameworks that support the faster integration of solar energy, as well as the need for education and workforce retraining in accordance with the demands of the new energy paradigm. The paper concludes that synchronized efforts between technological development and market instruments are essential for accelerating the green transition. Solar energy, as a clean, renewable, and increasingly accessible resource, has the potential not only to replace fossil fuels but also to become a foundation for economic resilience and social equity in a post-carbon society.

<p><strong><i>Purpose</i></strong> &ndash; The profitability of green supply chains is the subject of numerous debates, analyses, and studies. While meta-analysis results of previous studies indicate that implementing green supply chain management (GSCM) practices leads to better environmental and economic organizational performance and outcomes, the impact on social and operational performance is contradictory. This study aims to clarify the relative significance of external drivers (coercive, normative, mimetic) versus internal drivers (organizational capabilities) on adopting green supply chain management practices through qualitative analysis.</p> <p><strong><i>Design/methodology/approach</i></strong> &ndash; This study applies the qualitative research methodology and thematic analysis for collecting, analyzing and interpreting data. Primary data are collected using semi structured interviews (n = 6). Key informants are managers in SME BiH, representatives of EU delegations, university professors, public sector representative and key researches in the field of transition to green supply chains in BiH.</p> <p><strong><i>Findings </i></strong>&ndash; The results indicate that, while SMEs in BiH face significant challenges in transitioning to green supply chains, the potential benefits outweigh the barriers. Both internal and external challenges need to be addressed through a combination of strategic initiatives, government interventions, and international collaborations. Internally, companies face financial constraints, lack of expertise, resistance to organizational change, and insufficient investments in sustainable practices. Externally, barriers include underdeveloped markets, regulatory inconsistencies, limited government support, inefficiencies in market mechanisms, information gaps, and inadequate waste management infrastructure. These challenges collectively hinder the adoption of green practices and limit the pace of transition.</p> <p><strong><i>Research limitations/implications</i></strong> &ndash; This study is limited to qualitative insights from a small sample of industry professionals. Future research could expand the sample size and incorporate quantitative methods to validate the findings.</p>