Background: Suicide is a major public health issue and a leading cause of premature mortality worldwide. Assessing suicide risk remains challenging due to multifactorial risks. Objective. The aim of the study was to present ten-year trends in suicides in the Zenica-Doboj Canton and to describe the methods of suicide by gender, age, and year of occurrence, with the goal of better understanding this complex and deviant form of behavior. Methods: In the article has been included a retrospective analysis of suicide data collected from the suicide reporting form in the Zenica-Doboj Canton, obtained from the Institute for Health and Food Safety Zenica for the period 2015–2024. Results: Resuzlts are based on 147 processed cases of suicide over a ten-year period. The distribution of suicides by age group was: under 1 year: 0 (0%), 1–4: 0 (0%), 5–9: 0 (0%), 10–14: 0 (0%), 15–19: 4 (3%), 20–29: 16 (11%), 30–39: 13 (9%), 40–49: 20 (15%), 50–59: 26 (18%), 60–64: 27 (19%), 65–69: 9 (6%), 70–79: 20 (14%), 80+: 12 (8%). The average number of suicides per age group was x̄ = 11.3. Yearly suicide cases: 2015: 19 (12.9%), 2016: 19 (12.9%), 2017: 22 (14.9%), 2018: 29 (19.7%), 2019: 29 (19.7%), 2020: 8 (5.4%), 2021: 1 (0.68%), 2023: 0 (0%), 2024: 0 (0%). The average number of suicides per year was x̄ = 14.7. The gender distribution was 73% male and 27% female, with a male-to-female ratio of 2.7:1. The most common method was intentional self-harm by hanging, strangulation, and suffocation; 93 (63.2%). Conclusion. Understanding suicide trends, mechanisms, and methods in the Zenica-Doboj Canton can help in the development of early-prevention programs and prevention strategies, as well as in better understanding the contributing factors and suicidal individuals’ attitudes that lead to such fatal decisions.

Background: Thyroid hormones are essential regulators of energy expenditure, thermogenesis, and body composition. Although overt thyroid dysfunction is well known to alter basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass, emerging evidence suggests that even hormonal variations within the reference range may exert measurable effects on metabolic and body composition profiles. Women of reproductive age represent a population particularly sensitive to hormonal oscillations due to the interplay between endocrine, reproductive, and cardiometabolic health. Objective: The study aimed to a) analyze thyroid hormone levels (TSH, FT3, FT4) alongside anthropometric and body composition parameters in women of reproductive age; b) examine thyroid hormone levels, BMR, and body composition parameters across age groups; and c) investigate associations of thyroid hormones with BMR, body composition components, and unfavorable body composition patterns (visceral adiposity, elevated metabolic age, obesity) as well as metabolic indicators.. Methods: A total of 117 women aged 18–45 years were included in this cross-sectional, observational study conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina between September 2023 and November 2024. Thyroid hormone levels were measured using electrochemiluminescence assays, while body composition was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Statistical analyses included descriptive methods, Pearson’s correlation, and Chi-square testing, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: TSH showed significant positive associations with fat-free mass, muscle mass, and BMR (p<0.05). FT3 was inversely correlated with metabolic age and visceral fat, while FT4 demonstrated weak negative associations with fat-free mass and metabolic age (p<0.05). Significant age-related differences were observed in fat percentage, fat mass, BMI, visceral fat, and metabolic age, with the most unfavorable profiles in women aged 31–40 years. Conclusion: Thyroid hormones, even within the reference range, are associated with body composition and metabolic parameters in women of reproductive age. Their role as early indicators of unfavorable metabolic patterns highlights potential implications for reproductive and cardiovascular risk assessment.

Eryngium amethystinum L is a plant which grows in Balkan and Apennine peninsulas. The aerial parts, roots and fruits are used in ethnopharmacology of Italy and Western Balkan countries. Traditional preparations of E amethystinum were used in treatment of oedema, malaria and gastrointestinal diseases. Essential oils and extracts were isolated from aerial parts and roots of E amethystinum and examined by antimicrobial, antioxidative and cytotoxic assays. Gas-chromatography analysis showed predominance of germacrene D and spathulenol in essential oils of E amethystinum aerial parts, which have contributed to strong cytotoxic activity, while the methanolic extract exhibited strong antioxidative and antimicrobial activity. This article summarises all existing knowledge regarding E amethystinum, its chemical composition and pharmacological activity.

Background: Relationship between preoperative anemia (PA) and postoperative delirium (POD) is not still completely clear and totally proven for surcigally treated patients. This study tries to unveil that connection in patient surgically treated for colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective: The aim of this study is to examine relationship between PA and POD in patients surgically treated for CRC and improve preoperative preparation and recognition of critical risk groups of patients for POD. Methods: Out of 62 patient were analysed in prospective method. All patient have been operated for CRC in Surgical clinic of University clinical centre Tuzla from june until december of 2024. Patients were divided in 2 groups depending on presence of PA. Presence of PA is defined as blood hemoglobin concentration (HGB) lower than 130 g/L (<13 g/dL) or hematocrite (HCT) lower than 39% in grown up men and HGB <120 g/L (<12 g/dL) or HCT<37% in grown up women. Incidence of POD was observed and noted postoperatively. POD was diagnosed and confirmed with CAM test (Confusion Assessment Method), which was done inside first 2 hours after surgery and patient extubation. Noted datas were analysed with descriptive and analytic statistic methods. Results: POD incidence was 27% (17/62) on the first postoperative day. After analysis statitically significant realtionship was found between PA and POD (ρ=0.324; p<0.05). Realised corellation is on the significance level of 0.05 (95%), it has positive direction and waek intensity. POD occurs 4,5 times more often in patients with PA. (OR= 4,500; 95% IP: 1.355–14.944). Conclusion: PA is connected with increased number of patients with POD who have been surgically treated for CRC. PA can be defined as one important preoperative risk factor that affect onset of POD . Identification of all preoperative risk factors and its correction represent best way of POD prevention.

Background: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute, immune-mediated post-infectious polyradiculoneuropathy usually presenting with symmetrical ascending weakness, diminished deep tendon reflexes, and non-specific sensory symptoms. GBS is in essence an autoimmune disorder, and the underlying mechanism is thought to result from so-called molecular mimicry. This hypothesis is further supported by approximately 2/3 of the patients having a preceding infection. In most cases, the infectious trigger occurs in the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract, with the disease manifesting within four weeks. Even though it most commonly affects children aged 1 to 5 years old, there are rare cases reported in neonates and infants. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 6-month-old infant with Guillain-Barré syndrome following a respiratory infection. The diagnosis was confirmed through cerebrospinal fluid analysis, EMNG, spine MRI, and clinical assessment. Positive human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6) in cerebrospinal fluid suggested a potential infectious trigger. The infant was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin and ganciclovir, requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation. Recovery involved gradual neurological improvement and restored motor function over 30 days. Conclusion: GBS is a rare disorder, especially in children and requires multidisciplinary management to prevent complications from occurring and thereby improve the prognosis of patients. Upon arrival at the emergency department, all patients should be carefully evaluated, looking for autonomic and respiratory dysfunction signs. Generally, pediatric patients have a better prognosis compared to adults. Initiation of treatment in the early stages of the disease leads to a faster recovery and consequently fewer sequelae.

Background: The basic model of a neural network is the physical structure of the human brain. The idea is simple: if a sufficiently powerful artificial network of synapses is created, the results of functioning similar to the human brain can be expected . Neural network or neurocomputer is one form of artificial intelligence system implementation, which represents a system consisting of a certain number of interconnected processors or nodes, or process elements that we call artificial neurons. Objective: The aim of this article was to draw attention to the necessity of taking about a detailed history of neural networks which are based on copying information processing in synaptic networks in neurons and synapses in the brain. Methods: The author searched scientific literature: the books and published papers deposited in index databases as source for description and explanation the architecture of a neural networks and its represents a specific connection of neurons into a single unit. Resuls and Discussion: The structure of a neural network differs in the number of layers. The first layer is called the input layer, and the last is the output layer, while the layers in between are called hidden layers. Most often, there are three of them. The first layer, or the input layer, is the only layer that receives data from the external environment, the next (hidden) layer forwards the relevant data to the third (output) layer. At the output of the third layer, we get the final result. More complex neural networks have more hidden layers. The layers are fully interconnected. Layers communicate by connecting the output of each neuron from the previous layer to the inputs of all neurons in the next layer. So, each node has several inputs and one output. The strength of the connections by which the neurons are connected is called the weight factor. Conclusion: In the past several books were written and several companies dealing with neurocomputers were founded. The computers were able to successfully adjust the weight coefficients, did not achieve significant practical results. Although neural networks have had an unusual history, they are still in an stage of development. Today, neural networks find a very wide range of applications in various practical areas.

Uvod Empatija kao temelj međuljudskih odnosa ima sve značajniju ulogu u savremenim modelima zdravstvene zaštite, naročito u radu sa starijom populacijom. U kontekstu zdravstva zasnovanog na zajednici, empatija se ne posmatra isključivo kao osobina zdravstvenih radnika, već i kao funkcionalna komponenta komunikacije, izgradnje povjerenja i unapređenja zdravlja i kvaliteta života. U radu sa starijom populacijom, empatija zdravstvenih profesionalaca ima posebno mjesto. Osobe treće životne dobi često se suočavaju s osjećajem nesigurnosti, usamljenosti i straha od bolesti, što zahtijeva pristup koji podrazumijeva razumijevanje i poštovanje njihovih potreba. Cilj Cilj rada je prikazati kako empatičan pristup zdravstvenih radnika može uticati na zdravstvene ishode u zajednici, kroz primjer Programa edukacije u zajednici realizovanog tokom 2024. godine u Tuzlanskom kantonu.

Uvod Odnos zdravstvenog radnika i pacijenta je jedan od ključnih elemenata za uspješan medicinski tretman i dijagnostiku. Mnoge studije pokazuju da „meke vještine“ direktno utiču na zadovoljstvo pacijenta, ali i zdravstvenog radnika. Tokom studija pored teoretskog i praktičnog znanja iz medicine, od izuzetne je važnosti da budući ljekari dobiju i edukaciju o komunikacijskim vještinama i empatiji, kako bi briga prema pacijentima bila zadovoljavajuća. Međutim, u obrazovnom sistemu često teme, kao što su komunikacija, saopštavanje teških vijesti i empatija, izostaju iz nastavnih planova i programa. Cilj Cilj je istražiti stavove studenata medicine o značaju empatije i komunikacije u okviru zdravstvene struke, te da se analizira da li su tematske cjeline „empatija“ i „komunikacija“ sadržane u postojećem studijskom programu na Medicinskom fakultetu Univerziteta u Tuzli.

Sustainable development is a crucial concept that emphasizes the need for growth that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own, integrating societal, economic, and political dimensions. The importance of this approach is underscored by the need for environmental valuation and assessment, particularly in sectors like air traffic, where infrastructure development can significantly impact sustainability. Existing literature in transport economics, especially concerning optimal airport infrastructure development, is limited, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive research in this area. This doctoral dissertation aims to fill this gap by exploring sustainable practices and innovative models that can guide the development of air traffic infrastructure within the framework of sustainable development principles.