Background: HLA-A gene is one of the most polymorphic loci in human genome and its variants influence disease susceptibility and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy response. HLA-A*03 allele has been identified as a biomarker associated with poor ICI response. Objective: This study aimed to characterize HLA-A allele and genotype frequencies in the Bosnian population, assess sex specific differences, and evaluate the prevalence of HLA-A*03. Methods: Blood samples from 75 individuals were analyzed. Genomic DNA was isolated using the Miller method, and HLA-A typing was performed using PCR with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP). Polymorphism parameters were calculated using PowerMarker v3.25. Differences between males and females were assessed using chi square and Fisher’s exact tests. Results: Twelve HLA-A allelic groups and 28 genotypes were identified. The most frequent alleles were HLA-A*02 (33.33%), A*01 (16.67%), A*24 (11.33%), A*03 (10%), and A*11 (8%). The most common genotypes were HLA-A*01/*02 (12%), A*02/*02 (12%), and A*02/*03 (8%). Females showed significantly higher frequencies of HLA-A*02, A*03, and A*31, as well as genotypes HLA-A*02/*03, A*02/*11, and A*02/*31. The population exhibited high polymorphism (heterozygosity 0.8667; gene diversity 0.8232; PIC 0.8054). Strong similarity with European and Western groups and substantial divergence from East Asian and African populations were detected. Conclusion: The Bosnian population demonstrates high HLA-A polymorphism, with HLA-A*02 as the most common allele. Females more frequently carry the HLA-A*03 allele and several related genotypes, suggesting potential sex specific implications for ICI therapy response. These findings provide a foundation for future studies investigating the clinical relevance of HLA-A variation in Bosnian cancer patients undergoing immunotherapy.

The aim was to investigate sex differences regarding shooting position, shooting technique, and shot placement preceding open-play goal scoring in the Swedish Super League (SSL) in floorball. Video recordings of 3751 goals were analysed to determine the goal scorers’ positions on the pitch when they took the shots and which type of shots they used. In addition, the placement of the ball when it entered the goal was determined. The proportion of goals from the playing zone closest to the goal was higher for women (P < 0.001), whereas the relative number of goals from the playing zones to the left of the goal and from the central playing zone farthest from the goal was higher for men (all P < 0.001). Women used wrist shots and backhand shots more frequently to score goals than men (both P < 0.01); conversely, the proportion of goals scored using slap shots and volley shots was higher for men (both P < 0.001). In terms of shot placement, the percentage of goals scored in top-left corner was higher for male players (P < 0.05). Hence, there are sex-related goal-scoring differences in SSL and the findings may inform coaches in refining tactics and training. Keywords: Sex difference, video analysis, unihockey, shooting technique.

Introduction: Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is an aggressive tumor associated with a significantly poorer prognosis compared to other types of thyroid cancer. Doppler ultrasound and familiarity with the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TIRADS) nodule classification are essential. Objective: This case highlights the significance of precise ultrasound imaging, crucial for early detection and subsequent management of such aggressive disease. Case report: We describe the case of a 31-year-old woman who underwent systemic ultrasound imaging. Upon ultrasound examination, a 5 mm x 4 mm x 3 mm hypoechoic, ill-defined solid nodule with echogenic foci (TIRADS 4, score 6) was identified in the mid portion of the left thyroid lobe. Given the suspicious ultrasound features, the location of the nodule, and the elevated serum calcitonin level, the micronodule raised concerns for malignancy, particularly suggesting medullary thyroid microcarcinoma. The patient underwent thyroidectomy, and histopathological analysis confirmed the diagnosis. The histopathology report described a small white nodule (5 mm) in the left lobe. There was no remarkable necrosis, and amyloid deposits were inconspicuous. Lymphovascular invasion was not observed, and mitoses were rare. The tumor stage was T1 (pTNM), and no distant metastases were found. C-cell hyperplasia was noted around the tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive reactions for calcitonin, chromogranin, and mCEA. The proliferative index was low, approximately 4%. After surgery, serum calcitonin levels decreased. Three years after the surgery, the patient is in good general condition and is under regular monitoring. In the meantime, the patient has become a mother. Conclusion: Early detection and treatment of micro-MTC are crucial, as these tumors have the potential for aggressive behavior. Adequate ultrasound imaging assessment could significantly improve the prognosis and outcome for these patients.

Today’s accelerated construction of buildings generates a enormous number of reinforced concrete rooms in which people live and in which an increasing number of various electrical devices are installed. Since buildings are characteristic of urban areas, mostly polluted air, consisting of particulate and gaseous pollutants, gets inside them. The electrical devices generate an electromagnetic field in their environment that multiplies with the number of these devices. The electromagnetic field cannot leave the reinforced concrete construction of buildings because of the so-called Faraday cage. The electromagnetic field generator in this analysis is focused on the electric foil heating floor. In addition, polluted air has a deficit of negative oxygen ions, which is further reduced near electronic devices since they generate positive ions. Due to their extremely high mobility, ultrafine and fine particles quickly reach from the streets even to the highest floors of buildings. The triple synergistic impact caused by the generation of electromagnetic fields, positive ions and fine particles inside closed spaces is the subject of experimental analysis carried out in this paper. The conducted analysis is carried out when varying the working parameters within one room as a research polygon.

Sarajevo and Mostar, the most visited destinations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), are well known for their gastronomic offerings. Influenced by diverse traditions and cultures, their culinary scenes reflect a notable influence of the Ottoman Empire. Both destinations boast numerous restaurants serving delicious dishes from both local and international cuisines. As online review platforms are a leading source of information in hospitality and tourism, this paper analyses TripAdvisor reviews of 56 restaurants in Sarajevo and 21 restaurants in Mostar that specialize in offering local cuisine. Given that traditional dishes have become a key factor in destination selection and tourist attraction, the aim of this study is to assess tourist satisfaction and highlight similarities and differences in perceptions of the local gastronomic offer in Sarajevo and Mostar. The research findings indicate that the most influential factor in tourist satisfaction is the balance between food quality and price. Interestingly, in both destinations, tourists perceive the local cuisine as Bosnian cuisine. The results of this analysis may serve as a valuable tool for policymakers and businesses to develop and effectively promote local gastronomic offerings.

The numerical simulation of friction stir welded T-joints made of AA2024 T3is investigated. Analysis of heat generation due to friction and plastic workis performed, as well as of the reaction force in the normal direction duringthe plunge stage of the friction stir welding. The effect of joint geometry isstudied for butt joints and T-joints produced from the same material.Different tool rotation speeds and tool pin lengths were considered forT-joint FSW welding. It was shown that the temperature at the root of theweld below the tool pin is lower in the T-joint than in the butt joint, due tothe efficient conduction of the heat produced through the normal plate. Also,the reaction force was higher for the T-joint than for the butt joint; so, heatproduction by friction was more intense in comparison with the heatproduced by plastic deformation. The reaction force was moderatelyincreased for the tool with a shorter pin, increasing both components of theheat produced. An increase in the tool rotation speed decreased theresistance to the tool plunging into the T-joint, increasing the frictional heatand decreasing the amount of heat generated by plastic deformation.

(BHS) Ovaj rad se fokusira na upotrebu mašinskog učenja i korištenje namjenskih baza podataka vještačke inteligencije u svrhu kreiranja rješenja zasnovanih na unaprijeđenom algoritmu za preventivno upravljanje rizicima i predikciju rizika u realnom vremenu. U radu se analiziraju postojeći standardi, njihovi nedostaci i moguća rješenja za unapređenje, kao i struktura i algoritamska osnova ovih sistema, te njihova integracija u postojeće sigurnosne arhitekture i platforme. Obuhvaćena je detekcija prijetnji na osnovu anomalija i analiza ustaljenog korisničkog ponašanja prema zadanim obrascima, procjena rizika i proaktivna detekcija napada. Pravovremena identifikacija i upravljanje rizicima postaju ključni faktori održivosti kompanija i sigurnosti poslovnih i informacionih sistema. Prediktivna analitika, zasnovana na vještačkoj inteligenciji, mašinskom učenju i analizi velikih skupova podataka, donosi transformacijske mogućnosti u oblastima poput industrije, finansija i zdravstva, koje su u savremenoj eri povezane sajber sigurnošću i predikcijom rizika, a koje pomažu donosiocima odluka da efikasnije upravljaju sistemima i zaštite ih. Integrativni pristup usklađivanju ovih tehnologija, posebno u kontekstu organizacione strukture i pravnog okvira, obuhvata pitanja pouzdanosti i transparentnosti modela, odgovornosti za automatizovane odluke, zaštite privatnosti i usklađenosti sa zakonodavstvom. Cilj rada je pružiti sveobuhvatan pregled tehnoloških i metodoloških inovacija u prediktivnoj zaštiti od sajber rizika, te identifikovati pravce budućeg razvoja sa posebnim fokusom na sigurnost, etiku i pouzdanost AI sistema. (ENG) This paper focuses on the use of machine learning and the use of dedicated AI databases to create solutions based on an improved algorithm for preventive risk management, and real-time risk prediction. The paper analyses the existing standard, its shortcomings and solutions for improvement, and the structure and algorithmic basis of these systems, as well as their integration into existing security architectures and platforms. The work includes the detection of threats based on anomalies and the analysis of established user behavior according to given patterns, risk assessment and proactive detection of attacks. Timely identification and management of risks are becoming key factors in corporate sustainability and security of business and information systems. Predictive analytics, based on artificial intelligence, machine learning and big data analytics, bring transformational opportunities in areas such as industry, finance, healthcare, which in the modern era are connected by cybersecurity and risk prediction that help decision makers to manage systems more efficiently and protect them. An integrative approach to harmonizing these technologies, especially considering the organizational structure and legal framework, includes issues of reliability and transparency of models, as well as accountability for automated decisions, privacy protection and compliance with legislation. The aim of the paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of technological and methodological innovations in predictive protection against cyber risks, and to identify directions for future development with a special focus on the security, ethics and reliability of AI systems.

Background: Legal certainty is a guiding principle in all European countries. One of the main tools for achieving legal certainty in Europe is the codification of law. In 2023, Saudi Arabia adopted its first codification of contractual and non-contractual obligations through the Civil Transactions Law (CTL), aiming to achieve greater legal certainty. This shift represents a major shift from a predominantly Shariah-based jurisdiction towards civil law. This research examines whether the enactment of the CTL has influenced the Saudi Commercial Court's interpretation of compensation claims. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was adopted to track citation trends over time and to examine case law documents to confirm the quantitative results. Qualitative empirical analysis, specifically document analysis, was utilised to identify and extract Shariah jurists’ opinions, providing depth to the statistical results. Quantitative empirical methods, including interrupted time series (ITS), were applied to assess whether the compensation provisions in the CTL led to significant shifts in compensation claims decisions. Overall, 2,913 cases decided before the enactment of the CTL and 61 decided under the CTL were analysed in this study. Results and conclusions: The pre-law analysis indicates that courts cited Shariah jurists or general legal principles to establish the liability for compensation. In contrast, post-law analysis suggests a discernible shift, with courts increasingly citing civil law provisions directly, notably Articles 120 and 720 of the CTL. This shift is supported by an increase in overall article citations within compensation judgments, rising from 36% to 62%, supported by the examination of cases decided based on these articles. These findings indicate that the enactment of the Civil Transactions Law has contributed to enhancing the legal certainty in Saudi commercial courts.

This paper presents a mathematical model for the calculation of transient current distribution in grounding systems, based on antenna theory. The modeling of grounding electrodes relies on a system of coupled integro-differential equations of the Pocklington type, applied to complex wire structures buried in a semi-space with finite conductivity. The Pocklington equation is derived directly from Maxwell’s equations, and the paper thoroughly describes the entire procedure, including the influence of the boundary between two media using Fresnel reflection coefficients. The system of equations is solved using the indirect boundary element method, resulting in the determination of current distribution along grounding structures of various geometries, which represents a fundamental parameter for analyzing the transient response of grounding systems.

Background: According to laws on health care in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and AKAZ standards hospital health care includes a set of measures, activities and procedures, which are undertaken with the aim of diagnosing, treating and medically rehabilitating patients in appropriate inpatient health care institutions. Objective: The aim of this study was to explain influence of appropriate helath management standards for hospital healthcare activities and diagnostic services in the praxis. Methods: We used published books and papers with health management standards and also AKAZ standards for our description. Results and Discussion: Acute hospitalization according to the standards of the World Health Organization treats acute disease states or acute exacerbation of chronic diseases with a shorter duration of treatment. This type of hospitalization is carried out in: general, cantonal and clinical hospitals. General hospitals provide basic hospital care in general internal medicine, pediatrics, general surgery, gynecology and obstetrics and diagnostics for this level. Cantonal hospitals provide healthcare services in basic specializations, namely: pediatrics, pneumophthisiology, neurology, psychiatry, infectology, dermatovenerology, internal medicine, medical rehabilitation and physiatry, surgery, urology, orthopedics, otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, gynecology and obstetrics. Clinical centers provide services from a wide range of subspecialties, where the most modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods and equipment are used for diagnosis and treatment in these centers, and at the same time, clinical centers are also educational bases for individual clinical disciplines: cardiology, gastroenterology, nephrology, endocrinology, nuclear medicine, pneumophthisiology, hematology, neurology, psychiatry, pediatrics, infectology, dermatovenerology, oncology, angiology, neurosurgery, abdominal surgery, urology, thoracic surgery, orthopedics, reconstructive and plastic surgery, vascular surgery, ophthalmology, otorhinolaryngology, transplantology, cardiac surgery, children\'s surgery, toxicology, gynecology, obstetrics and emergency medicine. Conclusion: Health management aims to fulfill the task of meeting the needs of users of the health system in the process of providing services. The belief that good management is the key to the success of any company, school, development program, or health institution has led to the development of management as a field in recent years