Rezime Ovaj rad ima za cilj da analizira strukturu nezaposlenih visokoobrazovanih kadrova u Republici Srpskoj. Kroz ovu strukturu analiziraćemo nezaposlenost viskokoobrazovanih kadrova, kao i slobodna radna mjesta po polu i zanimanjima u Republici Srpskoj, što će pokazati da više od 1/2 kadrova, nakon završenog fakulteta, završava na Zavodu za zapošljavanje. Ovim istraživanjem doći ćemo do podataka koji govore koliko vremenski traje nezaposlenost visokoobrazovanih kadrova na Zavodu za zapošljavanje, odnosno koliko dugo visokoobrazovani kadrovi čekaju svoj prvi posao. Detaljnije ćemo se baviti analizom nezaposlenosti po regijama u Republici Srpskoj. Nećemo izostaviti ni nadležne institucije u Republici Srpskoj koje su posrednici za uspostavljanje ravnoteže između visokoobrazovanih kadrova i tržišta rada. U ovom radu posebno će biti interesantno istražiti nezaposlenost visokoobrazovanih kadrova iz područja ekonomije. Problem nezaposlenosti u Republici Srpskoj naročito je izražen u zadnjih nekoliko godina (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013. i 2014). On se produbljuje sve više zbog neusklađene upisne politike od strane nadležnog Ministarstva i nemogućnosti tržišta rada da apsorbuje kadrove u realnom i javnom sektoru. Nećemo se baviti samo analizom nezaposlenosti u Republici Srpskoj. Predložićemo i mjere za smanjenje nezaposlenosti visokoobrazovanih kadrova. Najprije konstatujemo da se današnje društvo širom svijeta suočava sa golemom nezaposlenošću, a u tom kontekstu kao ogroman problem nameće se nezaposlenost visokoobrazovanih kadrova u Republici Srpskoj, koja će biti u fokusu ovog rada. Abstract The paper aims to analyse the structure of unemployed highly educated staff in the Republic of Srpska. As indicated, such structure shall enable analysis of unemployment of highly educated staff as well as of vacant jobs on the basis of gender and profession, thus demonstrating that more than 1/2 of the staff after graduation finds themselves at the Employment Agency. This survey shall provide data indicating the unemployment duration of highly educated staff, i.e. the time they spend waiting for their first job at the Employment Agency. Unemployment analysis throughout various regions of the Republic of Srpska shall be addressed in detail. Likewise, the relevant institutions of the Republic of Srpska, acting as proxies between highly educated people and the labour market, shall be integrated in the analysis. The paper shall be particularly focused on assessment of unemployment of highly educated people from the field of economy. The problem of unemployment in the Republic of Srpska has been particularly pronounced with the last few years (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2014). It is constantly deepened due to the inadequate enrolment policy by the Ministry and the inability of the labour market to absorb the staff in the real and the public sector. The analysis is not based exclusively on the Republic of Srpska. The measures to reduce unemployment of highly educated people in the Republic of Srpska shall also be introduced. It is evident that today’s society faces massive unemployment, including the unemployment of highly educated people in the Republic of Srpska, which represents an enormous issue, and is after all, the focus of the paper itself.

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading death cause in modern world and are the most public health problem. WHO program for CVD contains: prevention, command and follow up of CVD in global level. Aim: Investigate CVD frequency in family medicine team in 2012.year (one year period of time) and qualitative management prevention and clinical services management quality of CVD together with recommended standards. Patients and methods: clinical revision of clinical standard practice patients with CVD was provided in Family medicine team in Public Health Centre Tuzla for the period of time from January 01 2012 - December 31 2012. For quality of realized services, AKAZ standards were based for: chapter 2. Health promotion and diseases prevention 2.5. preventive clinical services; chapter 3. Clinical services, standard 3.1. Coronary diseases and standard 3.2. TIA and Stroke. From CVD register next parameters had been used: age, gender, disease diagnose, therapy, blood pressure values, total cholesterol values, ß blockers therapy, anticoagulant therapy prescription, smoker status, stop smoking recommendation and influenza vaccination recommendation. Statistical approach: All results were taken in Excel program and statistically analyzed. Descriptive standard tests were taken with measurement of central tendency and dispersion. For significant differentials achieved with χ² chances relation was taken (Odds Ratio-OR) with 95% relevant security. All tests were leveled in statistical significant from 95% (p<0,05). Results: Considering total registered habitants number 1448 (males 624 females 824) total diseases of usually CVD in Team 1 family medicine 531 (36,67%). The most frequent disease was hypertension which was presented in 30,31% of registered patients but in total CVD illness was present in 82,67%. In relation with total patients number (531), female prevalence from CVD 345:186 males vs. 65%:35%; P=0,001 and was statistically significantly higher. Almost patients were in age from ≥65 years. Nearly all the standards for chapter 2. Health promotion and diseases prevention and chapter 3. Clinical services, standard 3.1. Coronary diseases and standard 3.2. TIA and Stroke are met in larger percentages than the minimum, however, bad quality signs we have found in total cholesterol control were values of total cholesterol were ≤ 5mmol/l achieved only in 27.58% patients with CVD. Stop smoking recommendation in smokers with TIA and Stroke (total 10 smokers) was registered in 20,00% patients. Indicator was not achieved,(min level 25%). Conclusion: Role of family medicine team is extremely important in patient care who suffer from chronically noncontagious diseases such as CVD, as one of them. Considering that in our country preventive programs for CVD are at small level, results of this study are acceptable. Our plans for personal continuous educations and patient educations about healthy life style are pointed for higher or average of achieved standards and of course everything what have to be done should be written in personal dates of patients.

Abstract Depression is a disease of great social and medical importance. Quality of life can correlate with severity of manifested depression. The aim of our study was to determine whether people with unipolar depression have a poorer quality of life than healthy individuals, in what areas they have poorer quality of life and how socio-demographic characteristics and different therapies impact quality of life. The survey was conducted among 110 subjects, of which 55 were patients diagnosed with depression using ICD-10 criteria at the Psychiatric Clinic in Kragujevac and 55 were healthy subjects. Quality of life was evaluated by The Quality of Life Questionnaire compiled by the WHO. Quality of life was compared between the two groups and within research groups, depending on the applied therapy. There were statistically significant differences in quality of life between the groups: physical health - 49.64 versus 70.84, p=0.000; psychological health - 38.69 versus 69.85, p=0.000; social relations - 53.73 versus 64.89, p=0.004; living conditions - 54.58 versus 66.7, p=0.000, and in overall quality of life - 75.41 versus 96.00, p=0.000. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in quality of life between applied therapies. The overall quality of life of depressed patients did not depend on marital status or gender of the respondents. Depressed patients generally have a low quality of life in all domains and in overall quality of life. To improve of mental health, oOne of the primary goals to improve mental health should be to improve quality of life among depressed patients.

Abstract Carbamazepine exhibits significant inter-individual variability in its efficacy and safety, which leads to unpredictable therapy outcomes for the majority of patients. Although its complex biotransformation depends on CYP3A5 activity, evidence of association between carbamazepine treatment outcomes and CYP3A5 functional variations remains inconclusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of two of the functionally important CYP3A5 variants *2 and *3 as well as their effects on carbamazepine dose requirements, plasma concentrations and clearance in a Serbian population. The study involved 40 paediatric epileptic patients on steady-state carbamazepine treatment. Genotyping was conducted using the PCR-RFLP method, and carbamazepine plasma concentrations were determined using the HPLC method. CYP3A5*2 and *3 polymorphisms were found at frequencies of 0.0% and 97.5%, respectively, which corresponds well to previously published data for Caucasians. No differences in CYP3A5*3 allele frequencies were detected among epileptic patients in comparison to healthy volunteers within similar ethnic populations (p>0.08), indicating that CYP3A5 polymorphism does not represent a risk factor for epilepsy development. There was an observed tendency towards lower dosage requirements (mean±SD: 15.06±4.45 mg/kg vs. 18.74±5.55 mg/kg; p=0.26), higher plasma concentrations (mean±SD: 0.45±0.13 mg/kg vs. 0.38±0.03 mg/kg; p=0.47) and lower clearance (mean±SD: 0.14±0.05 mg/kg vs. 0.15±0.01 mg/kg; p=0.79) of carbamazepine in homozygous carriers of CYP3A5*3/*3 compared to heterozygous CYP3A5*1A/*3 Serbians. Because these genotype groups did not differ significantly in terms of their carbamazepine pharmacokinetics parameters, the proposed effects of CYP3A5*3 on carbamazepine metabolism could not be confirmed.

Abstract Acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP) is a severe form of acute pancreatitis that is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Thus, an adequate initial treatment of patients who present with acute pancreatitis (AP) based on correct interpretation of early detected laboratory and clinical abnormalities may have a significant positive impact on the disease course. The aim of the study was to determine patient- and initial treatment-related risk factors for the development of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. For the purpose of this study a case-control design was chosen, including adult patients treated for AP in the surgical Intensive Care Unit (sICU) of Clinical Center of Kragujevac, from January 2006 to January 2011. The cases (n=63) were patients who developed ANP, while the controls (n=63) were patients with AP without the presence of pancreatic necrosis. The controls were randomly selected from a study sample after matching with the cases by age and sex. Significant association with the development of ANP was found for the presence of comorbidity (adjusted OR 6.614 95%CI 1.185-36.963), and the use of somatostatin (adjusted OR 7.460, 95%CI 1.162-47.833) and furosemide (adjusted OR 2710.57, 95%CI 1.996-56.035) started immediately upon admission to the sICU. This study suggests that comorbidities, particularly the presence of serious cardio-vascular disease, can increase the risk for development of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. The probability for the development of ANP could be reduced by the avoidance of the initial use of loop diuretics and somatostatin.

UDK: 630*44:632.25(234.422 Igman)              Silver Fir in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the important coniferous species of trees in term of forestry and biodiversity. Numerous harmful factors have the impact to its health and vitality. One of them is different damages of standing trees by machinery. These injuries represent suitable entering openings for microorganisms which afterwards cause decay of the wood. Wood affected by this process has a decreased quality or it becomes completely unusable. Infection and development of decay are in correlation with the size of the injuries and its position on the tree. In recent times the methods of analysis of decay based on the flow of electric energy or sound through the wood were developed. One of these methods is the sound tomography which gives us the possibility to review the condition of the tree without the need to cut it or damage it significantly. It is performed by the device called tomograph. In this paper, by the method of tomography, the presence of signs of decay of wood on injured trees of Silver Fir was identified.

Textile materials are increasingly being subjected to the process of printing. The printing process with its parameters significantly affects the properties of textile materials and clothes made from these materials. This paper examines the effect of the parameters of digital printing on thermo-physiological characteristics of printed textile materials. As the essential print parameters were selected tone value and a different number of passes. In this research were used knitted fabric materials of 100% cotton fibers (100% CO), 100% polyester fibers (100% PES) and their mixture (50%CO/50% PES). The influence of print parameters to thermo-physiological properties of the material is evaluated through a warm or cold feeling and heat retention ability. Results of the research demonstrated that, in addition to material composition, the printing process with its parameters have a significant influence on the thermo-physiological characteristics of textile materials.

UDK: 547.56:582.711.714(234.422 Trebević) Methanolic and acidified methanolic extracts of C. monogyna and C. rhipidophylla dried fruits were used in estimation of total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. The extracts of fruit were examined for their antioxidant activity by DPPH method. Antioxidant activity of the extracts varied from 17.65 to 22.05 mg ascorbic acid equivalents per g-1 dry weight. Total phenols, flavonoids, monomeric anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in fruits ranged from 21.53 to 34.72 mg gallic acid equivalents per g-1 dry weight, 0.75 to 1.92 mg rutin equivalents and 0.13-0.93 mg quercetin equivalents per g-1 dry weight, 0.51 to 0.82 mg cyanidin-3- glucoside equivalents per g-1 dry weight, 11.27-18.77 mg cyanidin chloride equivalents per g-1 dry weight respectively. The higher values of total flavonoids generally are obtained with 80% methanol extracts for both species. The amounts of all investigated compounds and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in C. monogyna fruits which were confirmed by one-way ANOVA analysis.  Correlations between antioxidant activity and total phenols and proanthocyanidin contents were found as the main compounds influencing the antioxidant capacity of the samples. Obtained results suggest that both species represent valuable source of antioxidant compounds.

Introduction: Hypoxia is a basic stimulant in production of erythropoietin (EPO). The primary function of erythrocytes is the transport of oxygen to tissues. Erythropoietin stimulates erythropoiesis which leads to increased production of erythrocytes- their total mass. This increases the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen, reduces the hypoxic stimulus and provides a negative feedback of stopping EPO production. The aim of this study was to establish a quantitative relationship between the concentration of erythropoietin, hemoglobin and hematocrit in different values of renal insufficiency. Material and methods: The survey was conducted on 562 subjects divided into two groups: with and without renal insufficiency. EPO, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum creatinine and additional parameters iron, vitamin B12, and folic acid were determined by using immunochemical and spectrophotometric methods and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated as well. Results: EPO values (median) grow to the first degree of renal insufficiency, as compared to EPO values of healthy subjects, this increase is statistically significant, p=0.002. With further deterioration of renal function the values of EPO between all pathological groups are decreasing, and this decrease is statistically significant between first and second degree of renal insufficiency (RI) p<0.001. In the group of healthy subjects EPO is correlated rho = -0.532, p <0.0005 with hematocrit. The correlations are negative and strong and can be predicted by regression line (EP0 = 41.375- Hct * .649; EPO = 61.41–Hb * 0.355). In the group of subjects with the first degree of renal insufficiency EPO is in correlation with hematocrit rho=-0.574, p<0, 0005. It is also correlated with hemoglobin rho=-0.580, p< 0.0005. The correlation is negative (EP0= 42.168- Hct * 0.678). In the group of subjects with the third degree of renal insufficiency EPO is in correlation with hemoglobin rho=0.257, p=0.028. The correlation is medium strong and positive. In the group of subjects with third and fourth degree of renal insufficiency EPO is not in correlation with hemoglobin and hematocrit p>0.05. Conclusion: Renal dysfunction, depending on the level of RI effects differently on the biosynthesis of EPO in a diseased kidney, and consequently it also has a different effect on biosynthesis of HB in bone marrow and its content in the blood.

BACKGROUND/AIM Femoropopliteal bypass is a revascularization technique of lower extremities with excellent outcome. The great saphenous vein is the best graft material, but if it is not adequate or has been removed, synthetic grafts are an useful alternative. Graft occlusion is the most significant complication with the most serious consequences. The aim of this study was to analyse predictive factors for the synthetic femoropopliteal bypass occlusions. METHODS This retrospective case-control study included all patients who underwent synthetic femoropopliteal bypass due to peripheral arterial occlusive disease at the Vascular Surgery Center, Clinical Center of Kragujevac, Serbia, from 2007 to 2013. The cases group were the patients with femoropopliteal graft occlusion (n = 44), with the control group consisted of the patients without such an outcome (n = 88). RESULTS Significant effects to occlusion were: concomitant cardiovascular disease (adjustedOR 27.05; 95% CI 4.74; 154.35), a type of femoropopliteal bypass (adjustedOR 16.50; 95% CI 4.05; 67.24), previous vascular intervention (adjustedOR 4.67; 95% CI 1.20; 18.14), clinical stage of the disease (adjustedOR 3.73; 95% CI 1.94; 7.18), administration of postoperative oral anticoagulant therapy (adjustedOR 0.05; 95% CI 0.01; 0.23) and the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (adjustedOR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03; 0.70). A significant synergism was shown for the following combinations of the observed risk factors: type of femoropopliteal bypass and cardiovascular disease, type of femoropopliteal bypass and previous vascular intervention, previous vascular intervention and cardiovascular disease, previous vascular intervention and beta blockers, cardiovascular disease and diabetes, type of femoropopliteal bypass and antiaggregant therapy, clinical stage of disease and cardiovascular disease, previous vascular intervention and antiaggregant therapy. CONCLUSION Concomitant cardiovascular disease, below-knee femoropopliteal bypass, advanced stage of vascular disease and non-use of anticoagulant therapy and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are the significant predictors of graft occlusion after synthetic femoropopliteal bypass. Their synergistic effect determines the importance of diabetes, use of beta blockers and platelet antiaggregant therapy.