Introduction. The harmful effect of cigarette use has been proven through existing studies, but the recent advanced use of heat-not-burn-tobacco-products (HNB) and its effect remains under observation. Results. After six months, HNB users exhibited better-preserved FEV1 and peripheral oxygenation values. Conclusion. Patients using HNB tobacco products achieved better 6MWT and spirometry testing results and showed lower cholesterol and hs-CRP levels after six months of follow-up. Keywords: smoking, spirometry, heat-not-burn, lung function decline, respiratory health.

Izgradnja poslovne infrastrukture, naročito poslovnih zona, podrazumijeva ispunjenje cijelog niza pretpostavki koje su često međusobno uslovljene. U vezi s tim u bosanskohercegovačkom pravnom okviru do izražaja dolaze brojni faktori ustavnopravne, ali i stvarnopravne prirode. Najprije treba poći od činjenice složenosti ustavnog sistema u Bosni i Hercegovini, gdje se moraju uvažiti legislativne postavke, naročito u dijelu nadležnosti za uređenje određene oblasti. Tako, kad je riječ o izgradnji poslovnih zona, posebno mjesto imaju jedinice lokalne samouprave, ali s bitno promijenjenom ulogom u odnosu na period u okviru bivše države (SFRJ). Zapravo, u odnosu na raniji (socijalistički) period, kada su jedinice lokalne samouprave imale gotovo ključnu uloge u smislu planiranja te izgradnje proizvodnih kompleksa, danas imaju bitno drugačiji položaj, koji se u pravilu svodi na planiranje prostornih obuhvata budućih poslovnih zona te na izdavanje potrebnih dozvola. To je rezultat napuštanja komandne privrede u okviru koje je izgradnja proizvodnih kompleksa vezana za državnu regulaciju. Dakle, rezultat tranzicijskih procesa u ovoj oblasti rezultirao je situacijom da je proces izgradnje poslovnih zona iz javnopravnog sektora prešao isključivo u privatnopravnu sferu, gdje ključnu ulogu imaju privatni investitori, dok jedinice lokalnih samouprava imaju servisnu ulogu. Upravo je saradnja između javnopravnih subjekata, pri čemu se dominantno misli na jedinice lokalne samouprave, i potencijalnih investitora, ključni segment u smislu da li će se uopće izgraditi određena poslovna zona. U tom odnosu, pored ustavnopravnog okvira, od izuzetnog je značaja uređenost imovinskopravnih odnosa, za šta su u pravilu zadužene jedinice lokalne samouprave, bilo kroz stvaranje imovinskog (nekretninskog) portfelja jedinice lokalne samouprave koji će poslužiti za buduću poslovnu zonu, bilo kroz uključivanje u rješavanje određenih, često naslijeđenih imovinskopravnih problema, koji su preduslov za izgradnju, primjera radi, proizvodnih objekata u okviru poslovne zone. U vezi s tim, od presudne je važnosti poznavanje limitirajućih faktora koji su vezani za zakonodavstvo te traženje optimalnih modela za realizaciju poslovnog poduhvata. Na koncu, ali ne manje važno, jest nužnost uvažavanja relevantnih odluka Ustavnog suda Bosne i Hercegovine, koje su u značajnoj mjeri oblikovale de lege lata prizmu u pogledu pravnog statusa značajnog broja nekretnina koje se, pored ostalog, nalaze u obuhvatu sadašnjih, ali i budućih poslovnih zona.

Economic entities in the global market, within the oil industry, have become aware that they must pay attention to the environment in their business operations. Environmental accounting enables them to track and analyze the necessary information concerning their effects on the environment. For many economic entities, monitoring the harmful impacts on the environment and environmental protection is not only a challenge to meet the requirements of regulatory bodies and supply chains, due to the reputation of business image and consumer pressure, but also due to the necessity of a business strategy that promotes corporate sustainable development. The subject of this research is the analysis of the state of environmental accounting in the oil sector, while respecting the framework of sustainable development faced by economic entities in this sector. The aim of the paper is to investigate how much attention is devoted to environmental accounting and sustainable development in the oil industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to apply the regulations that govern environmental accounting, as well as to systematize the components of environmental accounting, objectives, and dimensions of sustainable development. It has been established that the implementation of environmental accounting is weak, but that in making business decisions, economic entities in the oil sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina rely on the effects of the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.

Akademik Mirko Pejanović u svom višegodišnjem naučnoistraživačkom radu imao je u fokusu nekoliko naučnih polja. On je pratio, izučavao i tumačio politički pluralizam u Bosni i Hercegovini, evropske i euroatlantske integracije u kontekstu Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma, državnost BiH u XX i XXI stoljeću, biografije istaknutih ličnosti BiH, nastavno-pedagoški i mentorski rad pojedinih doktoranata na fakultetima širom BiH, a posebno lokalnu i regionalnu samoupravu. Sve naučne oblasti koje su mu bile u fokusu i o kojima je pisao međusobno su povezane i prožimaju jedna drugu, iako na prvi pogled djeluju raznovrsno. Sve ove oblasti čine koherentnu cjelinu unutar političkih i pravnih nauka i, što je veoma važno, fokusirane su na državotvornu dinamiku BiH. Akademik Mirko Pejanović je pristupao ovim temama interdisciplinarno, spajajući politologiju, sociologiju, historiju i pravo, te javnu upravu i regionalizaciju, kako bi dao potpunije i sveobuhvatnije odgovore na ključna pitanja opstanka i razvoja BiH. Posebno mu je značajan naučni i pedagoški rad vezan za lokalnu i regionalnu samoupravu, ostvaren istraživanjima, oblikovanjem i definisanjem ovih veoma važnih oblasti ljudskog života, te doprinoseći razvoju tih oblasti ljudskog djelovanja. Njegov rad je, između ostalog, imao pozitivne posljedice, jer su ideje, istraživanja i pažljiva zaključivanja bili iskazani njegovim brojnim nastupima na konferencijama, okruglim stolovima, predavanjima, kao i napisanim člancima i knjigama, te su imali uticaj i efekte pri donošenju brojnih propisa, ali i u profiliranju politika na državnom i drugim nivoima u BiH.

Introduction. When considering revascularization modalities, for patients with stable presentation, with appropriate coronary anatomy suitable for both PCI and CABG and low predicted surgical mortality, the recommendations are specifically focused on patients with main stem stenosis. In these cases, patients should be individually assessed according to the complexity of the anatomical disease, as determined by the anatomical SYNTAX score. In the last few years, the results of four randomized studies have been published comparing PCI with newer-generation DES and CABG in patients with left-main stenosis. The latest 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes recommend CABG over PCI when the anatomical SYNTAX score exceeds 22, as indicated by recent trials. The aim of this study was to examine whether the indications for CABG or PCI, as determined by the well-informed intuitive judgment of PCI operators in everyday clinical practice, align with the treatment recommendations outlined in the recently published ESC guidelines. Methods. Between January 1, 2023, and December 31, 2023, patients were recruited from the University Clinical Centre of the Republic of Srpska in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina, utilizing the hospital information system. The study included consecutive patients diagnosed with significant unprotected left main coronary artery disease (≥50% diameter stenosis) confirmed through angiography, who did not exhibit major hemodynamic instability and received PCI at our facility. Patients were divided into two groups, based on the anatomical SYNTAX score i.e. those with SYNTAX ≤ 22 and those with SYNTAX > 22. Results. Following inclusion criteria, a total number of 38 patients were included in the analysis. The included patients had either previously diagnosed coronary artery disease or a high suspicion of coronary artery disease. The majority of the participants were male, with an average age of 65.6 years, with the youngest participant being 31 years old and the oldest 83 years old. A large majority of both sexes suffered from arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Participants in whom SYNTAX score was ≤ 22 were younger (p=0.049) and had less complex coronary artery disease i.e. fewer MEDINA 1,1,1 (p< 0.001) with less stents implanted (p=0.040). Over the course of one year of follow-up, three patients passed away, two of whom had a SYNTAX score exceeding 22. Additionally, two patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusion. The present study demonstrates that an intuitive decision-making process by experienced interventional cardiologists for choosing the optimal myocardial revascularization method for the individual patient with left main stenosis led to a discordance of the definitely chosen methods vs. the recommended method based on the SYNTAX score and ESC guidelines. This discordance between the recommended and the finally performed revascularization strategy led to a higher shortterm mortality.

Cryptogenic stroke is an ischemic stroke of unknown cause after a comprehensive diagnostic workup and accounts for a significant percentage of all strokes. This paper presents the case of a 37-year-old female patient with recurrent ischemic strokes, in whom a patent foramen ovale (PFO) was diagnosed and subsequently closed via catheter-based intervention. Despite this therapeutic procedure, further recurrences occurred. During electrophysiological evaluation and ablation of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, paroxysms of atrial fibrillation were detected, leading to the initiation of anticoagulant therapy. During follow-up, the patient remained free of symptomatic recurrences. This case highlights the importance of prolonged monitoring for the detection of atrial fibrillation in patients with cryptogenic strokes, which can significantly influence therapeutic strategies and recurrence prevention.

Acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI) is a disease of the elderly, rarely of people younger than 40 years, predominantly men with comorbidities. The incidence of STEMI infarction in the general population in women younger than 40 years is very low. This paper presents the case of a young woman who was admitted with a diagnosis of STEMI infarction, which was understood as SCAD after coronary angiography. Repeated invasive diagnostics with intracoronary imaging determined that it was a classic infarction with plaque rupture/erosion and a large intraluminal thrombotic mass that partially embolized with occlusion of the apical part of the anterior descending artery (LAD). She was treated during hospitalization with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) using a potent P2Y12 inhibitor and low molecular weight heparin, high dose of statins. Control coronary angiography revealed insignificant narrowing of the distal part of the main trunk of the left coronary artery (LM) and the proximal segment of the LAD with almost complete resolution of the thrombus. DAPT treatment was continued without stent implantation.

Background. Patent foramen ovales are very common in the population. Thrombus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale is very rare and can cause paradoxical embolism with a high mortality rate. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with a massive pulmonary embolism and a huge thrombus stuck over the interatrial septum. Case presentation. An 83-year-old female patient was admitted to our Coronary care unit with the diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism confirmed by contrast-enhanced chest CT scan. At admission, the patient complained of chest pain and shortness of breath for the last 24 hours. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed the presence of a thrombus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale and floating in both atria. Transesophageal echocardiography was done as well to confirm the diagnosis. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed by duplex ultrasonography. After discussing the risks and benefits of surgical versus medical treatment, the patient was treated with unfractionated heparin during hospitalization and rivaroxaban on discharge. Seven days later, follow-up TTE showed no clot in the heart. Conclusion. Although rare, the thrombus stuck in patent foramen ovale presents a clinical emergency so early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory.

Accurate estimation of wheat yield is essential for ensuring food security, especially given wheat’s role in providing around 20 % of global calories and protein. Traditional yield estimation often relies on manual counting of wheat ears, a method that is labour-intensive, time-consuming, and impractical for large-scale production. To address these limitations, modern agriculture is increasingly turning to advanced technologies such as remote sensing, drones, and machine learning, which enable more efficient and precise monitoring of crop growth and yield potential.In this context, the present study introduces an automated ear-counting approach that applies machine learning to high-resolution images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Drone imagery was collected during the late growth stage from 15 wheat fields in Bosnia and Herzegovina and processed at a resolution of 1024 × 1024 pixels. Images were manually annotated to mark regions containing wheat ears, resulting in a curated dataset of 556 high-resolution images. For detection, state-of-the-art models including Faster R-CNN, YOLOv8, and RT-DETR were used. While lower-quality images slightly reduced detection accuracy, overall model performance remained strong. This research demonstrates the value of combining UAV-based imaging with machine learning to modernise agricultural practices, offering an efficient, scalable solution for yield prediction and supporting greater sustainability and competitiveness in wheat production.

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Constant development of protective materials and armored systems requires continuous improvements in the field of anti-tank ammunition development. One of the most commonly used anti-tank explosive ordnance are shaped charge projectiles/warheads. Serbia has been globally recognized for decades in the production of high-quality hand-held rocket launchers equipped with various calibers of shaped charge ammunition. One of the most famous representatives is the 64 mm hand-held rocket launcher, better known as "Zolja". Although it has been in use for decades and it has insufficient capabilities against more modern protection systems, retaining the traditional design and long-established production technologies, along with the use of more potent and modern explosives, could significantly enhance its penetration power. This paper uses analytical calculation and numerical simulation to analyze how different explosive materials affect the velocity of shaped charge jet of 64 mm M80 warhead, which ultimately directly impacts its penetration capabilities.

Background: The oncogenic potential of HPV remains a major global public health challenge and various natural therapeutics are being investigated to prevent cancer. The natural components of the Alchemilla vulgaris plant have various anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and anticancer effects. Objective: Therefore, the aim of this study was to bioinformatically examine the potential inhibitory effect of A. vulgaris compounds on the HPV target protein. Methods: The structures of quercetin, catechin, apigenin, luteolin, caffeic and gallic acid were taken from the PubChem database, and the protein structure of the target HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein (PDB ID: 4XR8) from the Protein Data Bank. Virtual screening and docking analysis were performed in AutoDock Vina. Protein-ligand complexes were visualized using Discovery Studio. The molecular dynamics simulation of 4XR8 in complex with quercetin was performed using Desmond. Results: Docking analysis showed that quercetin has the strongest binding affinity with 4XR8 (quercetin -8.9 kcal/mol, apigenin -8.7 kcal/mol, luteolin -8.7 kcal/mol, catechin -8.4 kcal/mol, caffeic acid -7.3 kcal/mol, gallic acid -6.8 kcal/mol). The molecular dynamics simulation results reinforce the stability and strong binding affinity of quercetin within the HPV 16 E6 oncoprotein. Conclusion: Natural components of Alchemilla vulgaris, especially quercetin, have shown promising potential for the treatment of HPV infection and additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed for their further research.