Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is a rare (1:2500–1:10,000) inherited disorder characterized by the onset of arrhythmogenic syncope, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, and sudden cardiac death. The aim of this article was to describe an unexpected success with an unusual therapeutic modality of a patient diagnosed with LQTS syndrome (suspected Romano–Ward syndrome) during an 8-year period. A 59-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to chest pain and nausea, and after diagnostic and therapeutical approach, a permanent dual-chamber rate-modulated (DDDR) pacemaker was implanted instead of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). During the 8-year period, the patient remained stable, without rhythm disorder. Romano–Ward syndrome as a congenital LQTS carries a high risk of sudden cardiac death and presents an indication for ICD. In this patient, for objective reasons, this could not be performed. Implantation of a DDDR with an appropriate pharmacological therapy, including propranolol, in this case, proved to be a successful therapeutic modality.

Introduction: The head-up tilt table test is noninvasive diagnostic procedure, which is used in the diagnosis of syncope. Syncope presents a benign short-term disorder of cerebral circulation with the sudden loss of consciousness and muscle tone. Aim: The aim is to present not only the role and importance of orthostatic tests in the daily clinical practice of pediatric cardiology, neuropediatrics but also pediatrics in general. Patients and Methods: This study has retrospective descriptive character and included the period from April 1997 to June 2020, during which the registration and analysis of orthostatic stability tests (head-up/tilt table test, tilt table test) was performed. Medical documentation of outpatient and hospitalized patients on the Paediatric Clinic of Clinical Center University of Sarajevo (Register of Tilt Table Test) was used. Results: During this period, 1029 tests were registered and analyzed. Modification test (head-up) was performed in 132 (12.8%) patients, and since 2008, classic tilt table test was performed in 897 (87.1%) patients. Patients were 6.5–19 years old, with a predominance of female patients 611 (59.4%). There were 519 (50.4%) patients who were 15–19 years old and 510 (49.6%) patients who were under 15 years of age. Indications were syncope or suspected syncope in 671 (65.2%) patients, cardiovascular etiology (arrhythmias, chest pain, congenital heart defects [CHDs], surgically corrected CHDs, hypotension, and hypertension) in 195 (19%) patients, neuropediatric pathology (epilepsia, suspected epilepsia, headache, vertigo) in 101 (9.8%) patients, and other indications in 62 (6.03%) patients. From the total number of tests, 862 were first tests (83.4%) and 167 were control tests (16.3%). The positive test was found in 538 (52.3%) patients, most often vasovagal syncope (473 patients or 87.9%). Conclusion: Tilt table test is a reliable diagnostic tool in examining the etiology of syncope, primarily vasovagal, and is an extremely important method primarily in cardiopediatric and neuropediatric daily diagnostics.

BACKGROUND Stroke volume response during stress is a major determinant of functional status in heart failure and can be measured by two-dimensional (2-D) volumetric stress echocardiography (SE). The present study hypothesis is that SE may identify mechanisms underlying the change in stroke volume by measuring preload reserve through end-diastolic volume (EDV) and left ventricular contractile reserve (LVCR) with systolic blood pressure and end-systolic volume (ESV). METHODS We enrolled 4,735 patients (age 63.6 ± 11.3 yrs, 2800 male) referred to SE for known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or heart failure (HF) in 21 SE laboratories in 8 countries. In addition to regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA), force was measured at rest and peak stress as the ratio of systolic blood pressure by cuff sphygmomanometer/ESV by 2D with Simpson's or linear method. Abnormal values of LVCR (peak/rest) based on force were ≤1.10 for dipyridamole (n=1,992 patients) and adenosine (n=18); ≤2.0 for exercise (n=2,087) or dobutamine (n=638). RESULTS Force-based LVCR was obtained in all 4,735 pts. Lack of stroke volume increase during stress was due to either abnormal LVCR and/or blunted preload reserve, and 57 % of patients with abnormal LVCR nevertheless showed increase in stroke volume. CONCLUSIONS Volumetric SE is highly feasible with all stresses, and more frequently impaired in presence of ischemic RWMA, absence of viability and reduced coronary flow velocity reserve. It identifies an altered stroke volume response due to reduced preload and/or contractile reserve.

Money laundering, in its almost 90-year-long history, has attracted the attention of the scientific, professional, but also the general public. Throughout the entire period, the manifestations of this criminal phenomenon, its typology, etiological factors, etc., have changed, but the essence has remained the same: the transformation of illegally acquired money into legal financial flows. Emerging markets are particularly burdened, which is the subject of this paper: identifying, monitoring and proving the process of money laundering with the aim to reduce it in developing countries. In addition, what can be observed in these markets is that money laundering operations are mainly related to those activities where most of the payments are made in cash. Their specificity, that is, the basic motive for execution, is not just a profit, but the aspiration to introduce “dirty” money into legal flows. The aim of this paper is to use the method of description to explain and describe scientifically the money laundering process and to combat this phenomenon with a focus on the characteristics of the money laundering process. In addition, the paper describes the models and weaknesses of this process, while at the same time it respects the standards and specifics of business operations in emerging markets. The result of the paper is that it provides an overview of money laundering in the 21st century in small and open economies, including proposals to prevent and combat this negative phenomenon.

During the flu season that can impair human health, it is difficult to determine whether a patient has a bacterial or viral infection. The C-Reactive Protein marker is one of the markers in laboratory diagnostics that shows inflammatory processes in the body. The purpose of this study was to prove that the CRP marker is an indicator of bacterial infections and that it is presented in higher concentration in patients with bacterial infection than in patients with a viral infection. Therefore it is helpful in the differentiating bacterial infections from viral infections.

Darovano humano mlijeko je najbolja zamjena za majčino mlijeko u okolnostima kad ona ne može hraniti svoje dijete. Sigurno ikvalitetno darovano humano mlijeko osiguravaju banke humanog mlijeka. S tim ciljem u Hrvatskoj banci tkiva i stanica Kliničkogbolničkog centra Zagreb osnovana je Banka humanog mlijeka u siječnju 2020. Rad Banke u skladu je sa Zakonom o primjeni ljudskihtkiva i stanica. U ovom radu prikazujemo rezultate njenog rada od otvaranja do lipnja 2020. godine. Iz logističkih razloga uzrokovanih epidemijom COVID-19 i potresom u Zagrebu Banka humanog mlijeka nije prikupljala mlijeko 43 dana.Mlijeko je darovala 31 majka. Medijan dobi bio je 31 godina a 81% ih je bilo visokoobrazovanih. U 52% slučajeva majke su počeledarivati mlijeko tri mjeseca nakon porođaja. Najviše darivateljica darovalo je mlijeko samo jedan put (45%). Medijan razdoblja darivanja bio je 46 dana. Većina (52%) darivateljica rodilo je prvi put, u očekivanom terminu porođaja (94%), djecu porođajne mase>2 500 gr. Samo troje od njihove djece (9%) bilo je na intenzivnom liječenju. Ukupno je prikupljeno 175,5 L mlijeka (prosječno5,7 L/darivateljici), od kojih je 151,5 L zadovoljilo zahtjeve ulazne kontrole kakvoće, a 141 L je bila i pasterizirana. Kritičan broj vijabilnih, aerobnih i fakultativnih bakterija imalo je 32,6% mješavina mlijeka pripremljenih za pasterizaciju, a nakon nje 8,9%. Za kliničkuprimjenu izdano je 78,7 L u tri jedinice intenzivnog liječenja novorođenčadi. Već u prvim mjesecima rada Banka humanog mlijekapokazala je važnost svog djelovanja. Kako bi mogli zadovoljiti potrebe za darovanim humanim mlijekom na nacionalnoj razini,potrebno je trajno podučavati/educirati majke o važnosti humanog mlijeka i promicati njegovo darivanje.

The Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) erosion map was made in 1985, however, over a period of 35 years, there has been a substantial change in the values of most erosion factors, resulting in the change of the erosion intensity. Changes relate to demographics, urbanization and land use as well as climate. The increase in temperature and the occurrence of extremes caused significant environmental and economic consequences (May 2014 floods). This situation is more pronounced in the northern part of the country, especially in the lower parts of the larger basins. Risk assessment procedures using modern software and hardware solutions can help decision-makers to recognize sites where forest should not be cut down, certain crops should not be grown or soil conversation measures are necessary. Therefore, the aim of this research is to estimate the intensity of erosion processes in one such watershed in BiH the Brka watershed, taking into consideration current conditions and using modern hardware and software solutions. To calculate erosion intensity the Gavrilovic method supported with GIS techniques was used. The soil protection (x), soil erodibility (y) and type and extent of erosion (φ) coefficients were calculated using digital maps: CORINE 2018 (grid size 100 m x 100 m) land cover, soil map of BiH and open-source satellite images. The slope was calculated from the BiH digital elevation model (25 m x 25 m). The Brka watershed area (184.09 km 2 ) was divided into four basins: Maočka Rijeka (51.56 km 2 ), Rahička Rijeka (24.26 km 2 ), Zovičica (75.30 km 2 ) and direct basin of Brka (32.94 km 2 ). The highest average erosion intensity was determined for Zovičica basin, where Z=0.56. The calculated mean annual production of sediment per basin varies from 5,746 for Rahička Rijeka to 57,089 m 3 year -1 for Zovičica, with total Brka river watershed sediment yield of 120,754 m 3 year -1 .

Abstract Objective: To determine the incidence of gliomas in Zenica - Doboj Canton. Moreover, to analyse its potential connection to sociodemographic characteristics and its distribution throughout municipalities of Zenica - Doboj Canton in the period of 2009-2019. Method: This retrospective, descriptive - analytical, 10 - year study included 146 patients from Zenica -Doboj Canton. Data were obtained and reviewed from patient’s medical records. Patients’ sociodemographic characteristics and pathohistological diagnosis were included in the study. Age, gender, and the place of birth were analysed and correlated with types and grades of glial tumors according to the World Health Organisation’s latest classification. Results: The study consisted of 146 patients including 84 (58%) males and 62 (42%) females. The most common pathohistological diagnosis was glioblastoma multiforme, a grade IV glioma in both females (26%) and males (35%), in total 91 (62%) patients, and the rarest was oligoastrocytoma, in 2 (1%) cases. The municipality of Kakanj had the highest incidence of glioma with 29 out of total of 146 cases (0.077%) and the highest incidence in females (0.069%) with 13 cases. The municipality of Vareš had the highest incidence of glioma (0.114%) with 5 out of 84 male cases, while in the cities of Breza and Olovo any cases with glioma were not detected The results showed statistically significant differences in incidences of gliomas according to the region of residence. Conclusion The analysis of data indicated that there are significant connections between the occurrence of gliomas and sociodemographic characteristics of patients from Zenica - Doboj Canton.

In today’s modern world, more than ever before, students are faced with entrepreneurship based on the use of information and communication technology (ICT) as a reasonable and justified career choice. Whether their career choice would be successful or not depends a lot on the level of system support through entrepreneurial ecosystem during their education. The main objective of this paper is to present the current assessment, indicate the problems and possible solutions regarding the entrepreneurial infrastructure, culture and potential of higher education institutions in Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina. To achieve this, we have researched the level of the system support to students for development and launch of their ICT based start-ups during and after their university education respecting different educational profiles and demographic characteristics. The research covers the sample of 436 students from seven higher education institutions in Banja Luka at their bachelor studies and includes focus groups, survey, descriptive and inferential statistical methods. We have found significant discrepancy between university ICT programs and infrastructure and student needs. For instance, a quite large number of students interested in ICT industry attended some kind of informal education from this domain and at the same time they were unaware that those and similar programs were freely available at their universities. In this paper we have identified those and similar gaps and compared our research results with similar results in other countries.

Volatile constituents of Satureja montana L. collected from a natural habitat in the southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina were isolated by steam distillation and headspace sampling. The relative abundance of volatile compounds from the air-dried fragrant plant was analysed by GC-MS using two columns of different polarity. A total of 28 compounds were identified, constituting 93.5% of the essential oil composition. The GC pattern of headspace was different from that prepared by steam distillation. The former consisted of 14 compounds that made up 84.1% of the components identified. Both samples were dominated by oxygenated monoterpenes ranging from 55.2% for headspace of the plant material to 75.5% for the steam-distilled oil. Eleven alcohols represented the most diverse chemical class in the volatile oil (71.8%), as well as seven alcohols detected in the headspace (57.3%). GC-MS analysis of the volatiles indicates that S. montana belongs to linalool chemotype with its relative content of 38.7% for the essential oil and 23.7% for the headspace. With linalool as the most abundant constituent, the other major components were -terpineol (14.7%) in the essential oil, and cis-sabinene hydrate (21.8%) and p-cymene (17.9%) in the headspace sample. The results prove that the combined approach in the extraction of volatile compounds is reliable for the analysis of the aroma of complex herbal samples.

Introduction: Needlestick injuries (NSIs) are one of the most frequent routes of the transmission of bloodborne pathogens in health care settings and the substantial source of occupationally acquired bloodborne infections. They remain a significant problem for developing countries that lack the ability to implement more reliable technologies and available guidance because of the economic situation. The objectives of the study were to determine the frequency of NSIs among healthcare workers (HCWs) and supporting staff in primary health care, to investigate the factors that caused these injuries and to evaluate a set of implemented guides. Methods: A retrospective study of the Department of infection control records of NSIs between January 2003 and January 2016 was conducted. Incidence proportion (rate of injury risk) was calculated for each profession with reported NSIs. Results: A total of 156 NSIs and sharp injuries were reported to the Department of infection control during the 12-year period. Among the group of HCWs, medical nurses/technicians (54.49%) were the most common injured workers, and the lowest numbers were reported by a physical therapist and dental technicians (0.64%). In a total number of cases, support staff accounted for 16.67%. The most incidents occurred during the use of needles, in 146 (90.6%) cases. Calculated incidence proportion for medical doctors is 0.24%, 5.33% for dentists, and 13.8% for medical and dental nurses/technicians and laboratory technicians. For support staff, the calculated rate is 6.04%. Conclusions: At the primary health care level, the NSIs frequency among all employee profiles is lower and it is suggesting the possibility of underreporting cases. Healthcare facility management should consider introducing new and more reliable technologies to reduce the number of NSIs especially among nurses/technicians, laboratory technicians, and cleaning staff. Additional training and preventive measures should be directed towards the proper disposal of medical waste. Management of the Institution presented engagement to prevent the occurrence of NSIs, and it is a positive example for all countries in transition.