Tannins are polyphenolic compounds that can be divided into two groups by hydrolyzing and condensing. Tannins are produced in organisms of vascular plants called tannosomes and sequestered in vacuoles. The essential uses of tannins are in leather production, as adhesives, additives for wine, beer and fruit juices, etc. They are most present in the growing tissues of the plant as a crust, so beer that ripens in new oak barrels will contain a higher concentration of tannins. Tannins are extracted from malt during grinding and from the hops during cooking. The objective of this research is to determine the tannins content in twelve domestic beer samples (three samples of dark beer and nine samples of light beer) by spectrophotometric method. The method is based on the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by tannins. The iron(II) reacts with 1,10-phenanthroline at pH 4.4 to form a color complex. The absorbance measurements were made at 540 nm. As a standard tannic acid was used, tannin content was in range 15.49-1722.05 μg/mL. Tannins are present in all beers, above the threshold of detection. When tannins are present in excess, they negatively impact beer by causing astringency but beer completely devoid of tannins does not taste right.

The aim of this research is to determine the significance of medicinal, edible and vitaminous plant species in meadow and forest ecosystems in the area of 232 km2, Municipality of Visoko, Bosnia and Herzegovina in September, October and November 2016. The phases of field and laboratory studies were applied as well as the numerical classification methods and ordination of the ecosystem. Studies on the natural potentials of plant species with beneficial properties have shown that families of Asteraceae and Rosaceae occupy the most important places; the most prominent life-form are hemicryptophytes; the most common floristic element is Submediterranean; out of the total number of 261 plant species determined, 148 species have healing properties, 125 are edible and 80 plant species are vitaminous. We conclude that the natural resources of the researched area are not sufficiently used and known. It is necessary to undertake some activities to raise awareness and knowledge about natural potentials.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury is a common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and hypertension might contribute to the increased incidence of AKI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of single and combined hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning and NADPH oxidase inhibition on oxidative stress, kidney function and structure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) after renal ischemia reperfusion injury. HBO preconditioning was performed by exposing to pure oxygen (2.026 bar) twice a day for two consecutive days for 60 minutes, and 24h before AKI induction. For AKI induction, the right kidney was removed and ischemia was performed by clamping the left renal artery for 45 minutes. NADPH oxidase inhibition was induced by apocynin (40 mg/kg b.m., intravenously) 5 minutes before reperfusion. AKI significantly increased renal vascular resistance and reduced renal blood flow, which were significantly improved after apocynin treatment. Also, HBO preconditioning, with or without apocynin treatment showed improvement on renal hemodynamics. AKI significantly increased plasma creatinine, urea, phosphate levels and lipid peroxidation in plasma. Remarkable improvement, with decrease in creatinine, urea and phosphate levels was observed in all treated groups. HBO preconditioning, solitary or with apocynin treatment decreased lipid peroxidation in plasma caused by AKI induction. Also, combined with apocynin, it increased catalase activity and solitary, glutathione reductase enzyme activity in erythrocytes. While AKI induction significantly increased plasma KIM– 1 levels, HBO preconditioning, solitary or with apocynin decreased its levels. Considering renal morphology, significant morphological alterations present after AKI induction were significantly improved in all treated groups with reduced tubular dilatation, tubular necrosis in the cortico-medullary zone and PAS positive cast formation. Our results reveal that NADPH oxidase inhibition and hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning, with or without NADPH oxidase inhibition may have beneficial effects, but their protective role should be evaluated in further studies.

Field sampling for evaluation of mechanical behaviour in embankment dams is not easily performed, because the performance and the safety of the structure may be unfavourably affected. A non-destruc...

Caries is the most widespread oral desease of all age groups, the main oral-health problem as well as the leading cause of teeth loss. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a huge prevalence of caries patients in comparison with a significant decline in developed countries. Postwar state period, inadequate nutrition and neglected care of oral health have reflected on oral health of children in Tuzla City. Aim: to determine prevalence of oral health of children of different age groups in the area of Tuzla City. Methods : physical checkup and education have encompassed 5452 children of different age groups in the period from 2011 to 2017 (5098 of six- year- olds, 114 twelve-year-olds, 120 fifteen-year-olds and 120 eighteen-year-olds). Physical checkups were done in dental practices of Public Health Scientific Institution (hereinafter PHSI) Medical Center Tuzla, children's department, with a dental probe and mirror. CES (caries, extraction, sealed teeth- permanent) and CES (caries, extraction, sealed teeth- dairy) were calculated on the basis of 100 checkups. During the same period there were educations for pregnant women in the first and last quarter of pregnancy organized within the school for pregnant women of the Women Dispensary of PHSI Medical Center Tuzla. Outcomes : the research determined the value of CES index of diary teeth for six-year-olds (6,41) in 2011 that was decreased in 2017 (5,19) what indicates a good effect of educative lectures. CES index of tvelwe-year-olds in 2017 was 3,2. The research proved that high school children (15-year-olds) have a high CES index (8,3) in year 2013/14 and the same group of examinees as graduates (18-year-olds) in 2016/17 had CES index of 7,73. Conclusion: CES of the examinees had very high values, far from the aim of the World Health Organization (1,5). Programs and activities of oral health promotion of the Dental Service of PHSI Medical Center Tuzla have made changes, warned of the importance of preventive action as well as triggered revitalization of preventive detal protection for preschool and school population of Tuzla City.

Introduction: The study evaluated of microalbuminuria as a predictor of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Materials and methods: The prospective study conducted in a period of time from 01-Feb-2007 to 01-Feb-2010.The study included 100 patients with type 2 diabetes, who had diabetes longer than 5 years. All subjects (average age 66 ± 10 years, 33% male, 67% female) were tested for the presence of microalbuminuria, and 50 patients had microalbuminuria. The second group comprised 50 patients without of microalbuminuria with diabetes mellitus type 2. Results: In the patients with microalbuminuria and diabetes mellitus were found 22% of heart failure and 6% in the second group. Average time to the occurance of heart failure in the first group was 32,5 months, in the second group was 35,3 months. Conclusions: The results show that microalbuminuria is an independent risk factor for heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and microalbuminuria. Patients without microalbuminuria had 3,7 less likely to development heart failure compared to patients with microalbuminuria and diabetes mellitus.

We sampled ammonium sulfate particles and indoor particles of outdoor origin through a small chamber covered with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) flooring. We measured the uptake of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) by the airborne particles in real time. The particles acquired SVOC mass fractions up to 10%. The phthalate ester DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate), a known endocrine disruptor, contributed by approximately half of the sorbed SVOC mass. The indoor particles acquired higher DEHP fraction than laboratory generated ammonium sulfate aerosol. We attribute this increased uptake to absorption by organic matter present in the indoor particles. Using a thermodenuder to remove volatile components, predominantly organics, reduced SVOC uptake. Positive matrix factorization applied to the organic mass spectra suggests that hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (typically fresh traffic exhaust) sorbs DEHP more efficiently than aged organic aerosol. SVOC uptake is one of the processes that modifies outdoor pollution particles after they penetrate buildings, where the majority of exposure occurs. Particles from indoor sources, typically dominated by organic matter, will undergo such processes as well. Aerosol mass spectrometry improves the time resolution of experimental investigations into these processes, and enables experiments with lower, relevant particle concentrations. Additionally, particle size resolved results are readily obtained.

Background Purpose . Adults as well as children may have problems with strabismus, which can significantly affects on quality of social and professional life. Strabismus surgery in adults are not conditioned for years of a patient, and the main goal of this kind of surgery is to improve motoric-senzorial relationship of eyes, and to improve esthetic moment of a patient. PatientsM adult, strabismus, success, surgery

Background: People with mental and behavioural disorders have low satisfaction of quality of life, due to numerous symptoms, as well as poor interpersonal relations, communications skills, low tolerance on frustration. Aim: The aim of this paper was to evaluate whether there has been an improvement in satisfaction with the quality of life after the application of group therapy Methods: The study included 100 patients who attended group therapy, for a period of 6-12 weeks. The instruments used at the beginning and at the end of the treatment were Outcome Questionnaire-45 which measured symptoms distress, interpersonal relations, and social roles, and MANSA questionnaire that measured satisfaction with the quality of life. Results: In total sample (N = 100) there was approximately equal number of women and men (51% vs. 49%). The average age of the subjects was 48.11 ± 7.91. Majority of respondents had depressive disorder (45%). Measuring the mean values obtained on the OQ-45 questionnaire, it was found that after the application of group therapy a significant reduction of the level of dysfunction was achieved. A statistically significant difference was found in the areas of satisfaction with physical and mental health, and the overall score of the MANSA questionnaire. Conclusion: Results show that patients reported lower symptoms distress and higher satisfaction with quality of life after attending group therapy, better interpersonal relations, lower risk of suicidal behaviour and substance abuse. Group therapy is successful intervention which helps patients improve quality of life.

Ovaj rad uvodi metodu za ocjenu varijabilnosti pojedinih područja za određeno razdoblje. Zasnovana je na primjeni vektora koeficijenata varijacije sociogeografskih i obrazovnih parametara. Uvodi se mjera varijabilnosti koja podrazumijeva razlike u kvantitativnom ponašanju tih parametara. U upotrebi je i analiza k-means-grupiranja za dobivanje razreda sličnih regija. U radu se predstavlja novi opći način edukacije studenata o sličnostima i razlikama među regijama u određenom razdoblju za promatrane parametre. Metoda je primijenjena na Federaciju Bosne i Hercegovine koja je podijeljena na deset kantona i 79 općina. Rad se služi podatcima Federalnoga zavoda za statistiku. Ovom metodom otkrivene su goleme razlike u varijabilnosti sociogeografskih i obrazovnih parametara definiranih u ovom radu. Ustanovljeni su pozitivni sociogeografski i obrazovni parametri za 15 općina i izrazito negativni za 12 općina Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine. Uvođenjem metode k-means-grupiranja bilo je moguće formirati 5 klasa općina u kojima su varijacijske mjere različite za svaku klasu. Evidentne su razlike između općina Sarajevske županije i urbanih općina poput Grada Zenice, Grada Tuzle i Grada Širokoga Brijega u odnosu na veći broj prostorno manjih općina i graničnih općina.

Spring saffron (lat. Crocus vernus (L.) Hill) is a perennial from the Iridaceae family. Purple or white coloured flowers bloom in the early spring. Saffron is commonly used in cookery, but because of its healing properties, crocus is also used in medicine for improving blood circulation, treating the cardiovascular diseases, preventing tumour and healing skin diseases. This research aimed to determine the influence of solvents (water, ethanol and acetone) on antioxidative, antimicrobial activity and the content of biologically important compounds, such as phenols and flavonoids in saffron. FRAP and DPPH methods were used to examine antioxidative activity. Antibacterial activity was analysed by using diffusion technique on bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Listeria monocytogenes , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Antifungal activity was examined on Candida albicans . The results showed that the ethanol extracts have the highest antioxidant activity and the aqueous extracts have the lowest one. None of the tested extracts showed antibacterial activity, but aqueous extracts and ethanolic extract of saffron, obtained by maceration, showed antifungal activity.