Given that recordings of wars, terrorist attacks, earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and other tragic and catastrophic events have become commonplace and ubiquitous in the modern mediated world, this paper questions the importance and role of the media as a mediator in distributing these recordings to the public. The role of the media in providing credible information in situations of crisis is very important, but also difficult, especially when it comes to live reporting, when there is no possibility to control the situation and when no one can know whether we will see death or hear it live. The paper uses a case study of two regional news televisions (N1 and Al Jazeera Balkans) reporting on the earthquake in Petrinja (Croatia), to show the weight of dilemmas and challenges that a journalist faces when he experiences, sees, and records a tragic event, and must report about it immediately - ethically, professionally and objectively. The aim of the paper is therefore to point out the reality of the journalistic profession in which sometimes, not with the intention of relativizing journalistic objectivity, there may still be a gap between ideals and practice.

Due to its comprehensiveness and extreme complexity, the phenomenon of creativity has always attracted the attention of researchers, but only with the rapid development of science, technique, and technology, more intensive studies of this phenomenon began in the early 1990s. The importance of creativity is pointed out by numerous theorists, emphasizing the importance of this phenomenon on an individual, social and global level. Creativity plays a major role in creating individual meaningful works that contribute to wider social progress. The rapid progress of science and technology requires new and unusual reactions, and consequently, modern society is looking for young inspiring, talented, inspired, creative and innovative people who will be able to respond to the challenges they face every day. Education plays a key role in preparing them for life in modern society, but critics of modern education question the role of the school in encouraging and developing creativity. On the one hand, the school is an institution that cultivates creativity and creative activities, but on the other hand, as many say, the school kills and suffocates everything that young people would have and could show. This paper discusses the concept of creativity, as well as the role of education, school, and teachers in encouraging and awakening creativity in young people. The analysis of relevant and recent pedagogical literature seeks to answer the question of whether and in what way the school is limiting the development of creativity, what are the obstacles and blockers of creativity in school, and how to eliminate them.

The paper analyzes the organization of local self-government in the Republic of Kosovo through the prism of the Constitution, the Law on Local Self-Government, and other laws that affect the work and functioning of municipalities. In the social context, local self-government is very important. Citizens exercise most of their rights through the competencies of local self-government. With the European Charter of Local Self-Government, the Council of Europe has set the standards of local self-government that are implemented by its members. Kosovo is not a member of the Council of Europe, but through UNMIK regulations and its normative acts, it applies the standards of the Charter. The Republic of Kosovo, with the help of the international community and non-governmental organizations, strives to become a modern, democratic state and a member of the European Union. Along the way, Kosovo is implementing the reforms needed to comply with EU acts. In addition to presenting the organization of local self-government in Kosovo, this paper intends to determine the extent to which the Law on Local Self-Government is harmonized with the European Charter of Local Self-Government.

Human gene F5, encoding coagulation factor V, was previously reported to be highly polymorphic. Apart from FV Leiden, several other rare variants have been detected in clinical practice and associated with thrombotic events, especially in cases when patient’s phenotype and FV Leiden genotype were not in agreement. In this study, the prevalence of 17 rare F5 variants has been studied on a sample of 130 healthy adult individuals from the general Bosnian-Herzegovinian population. DNA was isolated from buccal swab samples, while genotyping was performed using MALDI-TOF MS method. The results have shown that Asp2194Gly and Met2120Thr are polymorphic in the study population with minor allele frequencies of 0.077 and 0.073, respectively. Additionally, these two variants were mutually exclusive with FV Leiden and none of them was positively associated with participants’ family history of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases. While the obtained results are in agreement with previously reported data for the general Caucasian populations, it is worth noting that only two rare F5 variants were detected in the study population, albeit at considerable frequencies. Still, scientific information on rare F5 variants is rather scarce and further studies aiming to assess functional importance of these variants, as well as their role as prothrombotic factors are necessary.

Although of little aesthetic significance, the song ˝Ostante se tutuna˝ sejh Hasan Kaimija has been the subject of various controversies in the Bosnian scientific community for a whole century. This paper aims to show how the poem, from its first publication until modern times, has been used as an “ally” to deny or support certain narratives. As the central theme of all the texts in the dispute throughout the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century, the “thesis of Bogumilism” was imposed, apropos whether Kaimija could have known about Bogumils in the 17th century. The text is mostly used as an “ally” in historiography, identity theory, economics, religion, and only to some extent in literary history. Also, the aim was to show how the poem figured in these discourses, and especially the “controversial verses”, but also what kind of interpretation and valorization poem had in different historical contexts.

Entropy of Vostok ice core data together with our notion of Kalman Filter Harmonic Bank (KFHB) Climate Prediction Engine (CPE) are introduced in this paper. In particular we examine CO2 Cycle 1 data (the most recent data cycle), and analyze so called Spectral Entropy of CO2 harmonics obtained by standard Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) analysis. We also introduce treatment of Vostok Data as a sample from a corresponding non stationary stochastic process for which, instead of FFT, we can use Karhunen-Loeve Expansion (KLE) for a set of discrete data values and the corresponding autocorrelation matrix, defining Representation Entropy as a broader concept compared to Spectral Entropy for FFT. Initial results for Spectral Entropy are presented as a measure of amplitude and energy analysis informational effectiveness which determines a set of signal harmonics implemented in a form of KFHB whereas each harmonic is generated by a two state Kalman Filter. The total signal is then represented as a sum of a set of amplitude or energy significant harmonics (hence the name Kalman Filter Harmonic Bank). Spectral Entropy calculations point to a suitable number of FFT generated harmonics to be used for signal synthesis by harmonic truncation. We also analyze using amplitude vs. energy (amplitude squared) as a base for entropic calculations. Similarly in the case of KLE, Representation Entropy would play the same role. Ultimately we are working to implement this approach into an effective Machine Learning short and long term CPE. It is critical to perform very detailed time and frequency data analysis as a solid base for the CPE methodology for modelling variations in climate.

Despite the remarkable success of Carnot’s heat engine cycle in founding the discipline of thermodynamics two centuries ago, false viewpoints of his use of the caloric theory in the cycle linger, limiting his legacy. An action revision of the Carnot cycle can correct this, showing that the heat flow powering external mechanical work is compensated internally with configurational changes in the thermodynamic or Gibbs potential of the working fluid, differing in each stage of the cycle quantified by Carnot as caloric. Action (@) is a property of state having the same physical dimensions as angular momentum (mrv = mr2ω). However, this property is scalar rather than vectorial, including a dimensionless phase angle (@ = mr2ωδφ). We have recently confirmed with atmospheric gases that their entropy is a logarithmic function of the relative vibrational, rotational, and translational action ratios with Planck’s quantum of action ħ. The Carnot principle shows that the maximum rate of work (puissance motrice) possible from the reversible cycle is controlled by the difference in temperature of the hot source and the cold sink: the colder the better. This temperature difference between the source and the sink also controls the isothermal variations of the Gibbs potential of the working fluid, which Carnot identified as reversible temperature-dependent but unequal caloric exchanges. Importantly, the engine’s inertia ensures that heat from work performed adiabatically in the expansion phase is all restored to the working fluid during the adiabatic recompression, less the net work performed. This allows both the energy and the thermodynamic potential to return to the same values at the beginning of each cycle, which is a point strongly emphasized by Carnot. Our action revision equates Carnot’s calorique, or the non-sensible heat later described by Clausius as ‘work-heat’, exclusively to negative Gibbs energy (−G) or quantum field energy. This action field complements the sensible energy or vis-viva heat as molecular kinetic motion, and its recognition should have significance for designing more efficient heat engines or better understanding of the heat engine powering the Earth’s climates.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objectives: The investigation of auditory cognitive processes recently moved from strictly controlled, trial-based paradigms toward the presentation of continuous speech. This also allows the investigation of listening effort on larger time scales (i.e., sustained listening effort). Here, we investigated the modulation of sustained listening effort by a noise reduction algorithm as applied in hearing aids in a listening scenario with noisy continuous speech. The investigated directional noise reduction algorithm mainly suppresses noise from the background. Design: We recorded the pupil size and the EEG in 22 participants with hearing loss who listened to audio news clips in the presence of background multi-talker babble noise. We estimated how noise reduction (off, on) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; +3 dB, +8 dB) affect pupil size and the power in the parietal EEG alpha band (i.e., parietal alpha power) as well as the behavioral performance. Results: Our results show that noise reduction reduces pupil size, while there was no significant effect of the SNR. It is important to note that we found interactions of SNR and noise reduction, which suggested that noise reduction reduces pupil size predominantly under the lower SNR. Parietal alpha power showed a similar yet nonsignificant pattern, with increased power under easier conditions. In line with the participants’ reports that one of the two presented talkers was more intelligible, we found a reduced pupil size, increased parietal alpha power, and better performance when people listened to the more intelligible talker. Conclusions: We show that the modulation of sustained listening effort (e.g., by hearing aid noise reduction) as indicated by pupil size and parietal alpha power can be studied under more ecologically valid conditions. Mainly concluded from pupil size, we demonstrate that hearing aid noise reduction lowers sustained listening effort. Our study approximates to real-world listening scenarios and evaluates the benefit of the signal processing as can be found in a modern hearing aid.

Com a evolucao da tecnologia, os meios eletronicos de contratacao se tornaram praticas comerciais usuais. No caso dos contratos bancarios realizados pelos consumidores diretamente no autoatendimento dos bancos, por exemplo, a apresentacao de telas, por vezes, e o unico meio pelo qual as instituicoes financeiras tem para comprovar contratacoes. Embora atualmente a tecnologia esteja extremamente avancada – inclusive com a implementacao de Inteligencia Artificial pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal – ainda muitos magistrados resistem em aceitar estas telas sistemicas como prova. O objetivo desta pesquisa e discutir o acolhimento de provas digitais em acoes judiciais, especialmente no direito bancario. Como metodologia de estudo sera utilizado metodo hermeneutico e bibliografico, com pesquisa das obras relacionadas ao tema objeto de estudo, e dedutivo. Como resultado da pesquisa demonstrou-se que a utilizacao de provas digitais bancarias e segura, pois a manipulacao de dados internos, alem de ilegais, podem gerar diversos danos com relacao a credibilidade das instituicoes financeiras, fato que, obviamente, nao e de interesse destas.

ABSTRACT Although diverse European policy initiatives have been developed to integrate young NEETs – “Not in Employment, Education or Training”, it is particularly relevant to question how NEETs are perceived by their counterparts who are actively engaged in society. For this reason, we aimed to examine the Social Representations (SRs) of NEETs in France, using the classic free evocation technique. French NEETs (n = 71) and matched controls (n = 66; people employed, in education or in training) were interviewed. Results showed the scope of SRs for the semantic field of the term NEET and its associated terms. The need to develop effective communication to talk about work, education, and training with NEETs and implications for career counselling are discussed.

We report a case of recurrent painful and disabling granulomatous flexor tenosynovitis of the right wrist in 50-year-old female patient. The proper diagnosis was made ex juvantibus after repeated cultivation of Mycobacteria yielded negative results and local disease control was surgically unsuccessful. It was then decided to start at first with oral Clarithromycin at 500mg 2x daily during 6-month period throughout which there was no sign of local recurrence. However, synovectomy had to be performed 3 times in total during the period of two years. While the noninfectious causes were excluded, and infectious agent was not to be determined, the decision was made to administer full anti-tuberculosis medication therapy. At about the same time, we were finally able to obtain a positive Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture after a sudden onset of right axillary lymphadenitis, but only two and half years from the occurrence of first symptoms related to right wrist tenosynovitis.