The aim of this paper is to review and summarize the theoretical and empirical facts of using the (BMI), (body mass index) in determining the relationship between body constitution and motor skills. Several key circumstances have been identified in which the body mass index can give erroneous information about the actual body composition, and especially about the amount of adipose tissue in the body. Factors such as age, sex, race, health status and muscle mass can influence the connection between(BMI) and body fat. Due to a relatively low coefficient of determination between (BMI)and percentage of body fat, one should be cautious when using (BMI) to evaluate body composition as a predictor of obesity or as a substitution measure in evaluating the influence of body constitution on the efficiency of motor performances. The analysis of the sources indicates that the existence of unexplained facts uses alternative measures of body composition and their limited use in research and direct training practice. Therefore, new concepts and models are necessary in order to explain the influence of body composition on the efficiency of motor performance. Apart from the necessary evaluation of variables of percentages of fatty and muscle tissues, it could be assumed that the application of two component (BMI) = (FFMI+FMI), (Fat Free Mass Index, Fat Mass Index) and/or (MFR) model (Muscle to Fat Ratio) would provide a better comprehension of these relations.

Introduction. Combustible tobacco smoking accounts for nearly 30% of all cancer deaths in the United States of America and about 7 million deaths worldwide each year. Nowadays, e-cigarettes are increasingly used, especially among young people, but nicotine addiction that develops by such smoking easily converts to smoking combustible tobacco. Therefore, public health efforts must be directed to the prevention of initiation of smoking all nicotine-containing products. Role of Physicians. Medical doctors are very influential in smoking-related changes in local society, especially those who work in primary care, and they have an important role in both prevention and cessation of tobacco smoking. Tobacco smoking should be eliminated among medical doctors, yet many of them still smoke. The lowest percentage of smoking among physicians is in Oceania and North America (less than 11%) and the highest in Eurasia (25%). Smoking prevalence among medical students is higher than 35% in Georgia, Greece, Spain, and Italy, but less than 5% in the United States of America and Australia. In Serbia, 23% of physicians smoke. The age of physicians does not affect the number of smokers, but gender has a significant effect; women smoke less than men. Smoking Prevention and Cessation. Education about the effects of combustible tobacco smoking is a critical issue for successful smoking prevention and cessation; the best way is to provide educational programs on smoking at medical schools by introducing a mandatory course on combustible tobacco smoking at the beginning of the first year of study, especially in societies with a large percentage of smokers. Conclusion. In this paper, we showed how smoking can be eliminated among physicians and how they can affect the patients, public health policies, and antismoking campaigns.

Let me explain the principle of bioassay. It is an analytical method for determination of the relative strength (concentration or potency) of a substance by comparing its effect on a test organism (living animal, cells or tissues) with that of a standard preparation. Bioassays are used in pharmacology mainly to determine the concentrations of hormones or drugs, eg biologically active peptides, acetylcholine, catecholamines, prostaglandins, histamine and prostacyclin. However, there are other forms of bioassay in which one can use isolated tissues and determine actions of their nerves, such as the nerve to the diaphragm from rats. Bioassays may also be done in vivo in individual humans. The assessment of drug effects in humans is designated by clinical pharmacologists as a clinical trial. Such trials often require hundreds or sometimes thousands of patients in order to test efficacy and safety of any new drug before it can be marketed. If the human investigations produce unexpected results, quite different of those obtained in the animal experiments the trials must be redesigned, to examine why and how this occurred. There are many examples of how such discoveries resulted in new clinically useful medications (eg, discovery antihypertensive effect of beta-adrenergic blocking agents).6 Accordingly, the pharmacologists have the bioassays, as a tool, which help them in the discovery process. I wrote on the renowned pharmacologist Professor Ervin G Erdös and his scientific opus in my reminiscence article written on the occasion of his death in 2019.1 When I attended the Fourth International Congress in Pharmacology in Basel in 1969, Dr Ervin G Erdös invited me to join his laboratory. Thus, in April 1970, I arrived in Oklahoma City as a Fulbright Fellow to work with him for two years. Later on, as a visiting scientist I frequently worked in his research laboratories in Dallas and Chicago and we shared research interests through visits across the Atlantic between the former Yugoslavia and the United States.2, 3

Tobacco smoking is a mental and behavioral disease. It causes significant pathology and premature death in more than seven million individuals a year around the globe. Because smoking is such important public health issue, the general public will benefit from targeted preventive strategies. Medical doctors have a vital role in smoking cessation of their patients. Non-smokers are more successful in this role than chronic smokers. Governmental regulation on smoking, as well as strict no-smoke policy in hospitals and university campuses will help not only medical students, other health workers and the general public to quit smoking and contribute to the general good health of this population. The aim of this comment is to analyse the current smoking habits of physicians and medical students and presents policies and other help to the medical students to stop tobacco smoking.

The research sample consisted of 43 first-year male students at the Faculty of Security Studies Banja Luka. This study was conducted to with the aim of determining the relationship between student self-assessment of motor skill performance and the results of the same obtained based on the application of appropriate tests for the assessment of students' motor status. The assessment of motor skills was performed through a battery of seven tests: maximum number of push-ups in 10 seconds (MSKL) - used to assess the dynamic strength of the arm and shoulder girdle, standing long jump (MSDM) - used to assess the explosive power of the lower extremities, agility with a stick (MOKP) - used to assess coordination, the maximum number of trunk lifts in 30 seconds (MPTR) - used to assess the dynamic strength of the trunk, hand tapping (MTAR) - used to assess the frequency of hand movements, forward roll - backward roll - running (MKNT) - used to assess agility, and the Cooper's 12-minute running test (MKUP) - used to assess aerobic endurance. For the self-assessment of motor skills, a constructed questionnaire with six responses was used: excellent (5), above average (4), average (3), below average (2), poor (1), and very poor (0). The obtained results showed a positive transfer of the Special Physical Education (SPE) curriculum to body coordination, agility, and the dynamic strength of the arm and shoulder girdle. Students' self-assessments of motor skills in the test for the assessment of trunk dynamic strength, dexterity and agility were excellent. The students provided poor self-assessments regarding the test for the assessment of explosive power of the lower extremities, speed, and the frequency of movement, the dynamic strength of the arm and shoulder girdle and body coordination. The students provided overestimated self-assessments in the aerobic endurance test. The obtained results indicate the need to enrich the teaching content of SPE, primarily in the area of motor skills aimed at the development of aerobic endurance, as well as the implementation of the self-assessment method in the same.

: Introduction Th e concept of the quality of healthcare services is constantly evolving and transforming depending on the interest in it and the level of involvement of medical sta ff and patients. Aim To assess patient satisfaction with the quality of health services in private practice condition. Methods 105 (n=105) subjects participated in the study, and it was conducted by an anonymous survey of the clinic which o ff ers medical services, tests, and diagnostic procedures in the fi elds of gynecology, internal medicine, surgery, radiology, urology, and neurology. Th e research was conducted among patients who used the health services of a private practice institution from January to September 2022. Th e patient questionnaire consisted of 14 questions. Five questions related to identifying the sociodemographic characteristics of the respondents, and 9 questions were research questions of the Lickert type. For this purpose, the standardized Laschinger HCAHPS ( Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems ) questionnaire on patient satisfaction with the quality of healthcare services was used. Di ff erences in numerical variables were tested by Student’s t-test or analysis of variance (ANOVA). All P values are two-sided (p<0.05). Th e statistical program MedCalc Statistical Software version 18.2.1 was used for statistical analysis. Results Th e research was conducted on 105 patients, 28% of whom were male and 72% female. Most patients were in the age group of 61 to 70 years (30%). Patients are satis fi ed with the quality of healthcare services. Th e highest average score for reception and waiting time (4.9), the lowest score for being informed about upcoming interventions and treatments and professional approach (4.68). Conclusion Patients show a high degree of satisfaction with the general services provided.

The article presents an approach aimed at automatically deriving the initial conceptual database model from a set of business process models. The approach proposes the incremental synthesis of the target model by iteratively composing the partial conceptual database models that are derived from the models contained in the source set. The approach is implemented by the AMADEOS tool, which is the first online web-based tool enabling the automatic derivation of the conceptual database model from a set of business process models. The experimental evaluation proves that the implemented approach enables effective automatic derivation of the initial conceptual database model.