Šuma ima važnu ulogu u regulisanju vodnog režima, odnosno prevenciji pojave poplava i bujičnih tokova, što zavisi od vrste drveća koje sačinjavaju sastojinu, stepena sklopa, starosti i strukture sastojine. U ovom radu istraživan je uticaj strukturne izgrađenosti sastojine na vodni režim na primjeru šumske kulture bijelog bora (Pinus sylvestris L.) na krečnjacima u jugozapadnoj Bosni i Hercegovini. U šumskoj kulturi bijelog bora postavljena je eksperimentalna ploha 50x50 metara na kojoj je izvršen potpuni premjer svih taksacijskih elemenata. Pored toga u različitim uvjetima stepena sklopa postavljeni su kišomjeri  pomoću kojih je utvrđivana količina oborina koja dospije do površine šumskog tla. Kišomjeri su postavljeni i na otvorenoj površini u neposrednoj blizini šumske kulture. Istraživanja su pokazala da se sa povećanjem broja stabala na jedinici površine i veće sklopljenosti sastojine povećava zadržavanje oborinske vode u krošnjama stabala i do 30%. U sastojini bijelog bora je utvrđeno 720 stabala po hektaru dok bi za optimalnu intercepciju taj broj trebao biti oko 1.400. Međutim, povećanje broja stabala unutar sastojine se može negativno odraziti na stabilnost sastojine. Kod većeg broja stabala unutar sastojine konkurencija je veća, stabla se suše, vitkost stabala je veća i dolazi do preloma ili izvala stabala. Četrdestogodišnja sastojina bijelog bora je na površini tla formirala šumsku stelju koja ima preko 4 puta veću apsolutnu suhu masu od mase suhe materije pokrova na otvorenoj površini. Istraživanja su pokazala da u skopljenoj sastojini bijelog bora na tlo dospije manja količina oborinske vode, ali da šumska tla imaju bolju sposobnost infiltracije, zadržavanja i ravnomjernog rasporeda vode kroz duži vremenski period. Uzgojnim zahvatima u sastojini može se i sa manjim brojem stabala na jedinici površine postići isti efekat intercepcije ukoliko se potiče bolji razvoj krošnji stabala.

Ozimica, Eranthis hyemalis (L.) Salisb. (Ranunculaceae), je rana proljetnica koja naseljava vlažna staništa umjerenokontinentalne Evrope. Smatra se rijetkom u Sloveniji i Hrvatskoj, dok u drugim zemljama regiona ima statuskritično ugrožene vrste. Ciljevi rada su: 1. revidiranje distribucijske mape za ozimicu u Bosni i Hercegovini(BiH), 2. opis novih nalazišta vrste. Revidirana mapa je urađena u QGIS ver. 3.4. na osnovu 19 georeferenciranihpodataka iz literature te podataka o novim i potvrđenim nalazištima u BiH. Primjerci sa novih nalazišta suherbarizirani i deponovani u Herbarijumu Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu (SARA). Staništa na novim lokalitetimasu analizirana metodom Ciriško-monpelješke škole. Distribucijska mapa ozimice implicira zastupljenostvrste isključivo u crnomorskom slivu, u dolinama Bosne i Vrbasa sa novim lokalitetima u Brezi i Donjoj Gračanici.Na novim nalazištima su konstatovane vrste koje indiciraju nitrifikaciju i/ili šumski fitoklimat. Zbog specifičnefenologije, ozimica je dug period bila zanemarena od strane botaničara u BiH te je početkom 90-ih čak proglašena nestalom u divljini. Novi lokaliteti i potvrda za ranija nalazišta impliciraju potrebu za sistematskim istraživanjima u slivovima Vrbasa i Bosne, kako bi se utvrdilo tačno područje distribucije ozimice u BiH te na taj način dao doprinos u procjeni njenog konzervacijskog statusa na nacionalnom nivou. 

Pepper is one of the most famous and widespread spices in the world. This commercial plant belongs to the Piperaceae family. Depending on the treatment to which the pepper fruit is exposed, we distinguish between black, white and green pepper. In this research, methanolic extracts of different types of pepper (Piper nigrum) and pink pepper (Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi) were prepared. Maceration and ultrasonic extraction were used to extract bioactive components from pepper samples. The reduction potential of the extracts was tested using the FRAP method. The efficiency of free radical inhibition was determined by the DPPH method. Pink pepper extract showed the highest antioxidant activity in in vitro conditions. High antioxidant activity was also recorded in green pepper extracts. In general, the extracts showed high potency in neutralizing free radicals.

Water hardness and deposition of incrustation is a problem in households and industry. In this regard, several technologies have been developed with the purpose of water softening and preventing the deposition of incrustation. The ion exchange method is the most commonly used method and is considered a conventional method. However, due to the shortcomings of this method, there is a need to develop adequate alternative methods. The potential of the method using biosorbents such as moss Leucobryum glaucum and Spaghnum peat moss for the purpose of removing water hardness has recently become the subject of intensive research with growing interest. In this study, the method using Leucobryum glaucum as a biosorbent was tested and a comparison was made with the conventional method and previously conducted studies that used other biosorbents.

The subject of the research is the analysis of the change in land cover in the area of Babin do on Bjelašnica mountain in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the period after 1995, throughout the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina, visible spontaneous spatial planning contributed to significant changes in the land cover. The research aims to determine changes in coverage and land use that happened in the last few decades in the researched area. The analysis of land cover changes in the research area was performed for the period from 2000 to 2018. Due to the lack of data resulting from insufficient spatial resolution of CLC, vectorization of spatial infrastructure elements from available remote sensing images was additionally carried out. This procedure implied a detailed land cover change analysis visible from the topographic map at a scale of 1:25:000 and relevant Google Earth images. Research on the topic was conducted through several phases. The first part of the paper refers to determining the geographical location of the research area and defining all its components. The second part of the paper deals with a detailed analysis of all categories of land cover in the last twenty years. The third part of the paper involves a comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of land cover in the research area. The complete procedure of the analysis was performed using GIS, where the corresponding databases were created and a cartographic visualization for the investigated area was performed. The results of the conducted research point to the conclusion that significant changes in land cover have occurred in the Babin do in the analyzed period, which is particularly pronounced in sports and recreation areas, as a result of the development of the tourism industry. In the last part of the paper, conclusions are given regarding the changes and causes of changes of the land coverage in the analyzed area, with recommendations for further activities.

Trends showing increase in the number of mobile device users, as well as the number of tourists, imply that more people rely on their smartphones when navigating in a new environment. Based on these facts, the idea for this experimental research appeared. That idea is applying the process of machine learning, more precisely, the implementation of a neural network, to investigate the possibility of improving the accuracy of smartphone navigation. The achieved results indicate that machine learning algorithms (neural networks) are a powerful tool that can also be applied to GNSS data collected by a smartphone device, in order to improve accuracy. Based on the collected data in the field, preprocessing and machine learning process, it is concluded that it is possible to improve the accuracy of mobile device navigation by up to 50%.

This paper aims to experimentally and numerically determine the longitudinal modulus of elasticity by the four-point bending method. Samples of wooden beams over which the experimental research was performed were made of silver fir (Abies alba) as prescribed by standard EN 408. The experimental part includes determining bending strength and deformation forces. Experimentally determined bending strength and deflection forces were the input data for evaluating the modulus of elasticity of wooden beams. A numerical analysis of the bending strength by the finite element method was carried out using the ANSYS software package. The numerical model agreed well with the experiments in terms of bending. A numerical model can predict the bending of beams of different sizes. Results showed that the experimental and numerical values are close and usable for further exploitation. Comparison between the experimental and computational force versus the displacement response showed a very good correlation in the results for the fir wood specimens under four-point bending tests.

In this paper, the influence of four factors on the forces during cutting, especially on the friction force was investigated. These factors are water quantity in MQL, speed, depth, and feed rate. In this study, the optimization of those factors to find their optimal combination for obtaining minimal intensity friction force has been looked into. The null hypothesis is that by using the MQL technique, the friction force can be significantly reduced. The experiment was planned using Taguchis L9 design of experiments. The study included performing the machining of the workpiece through different combinations of levels for the spindle speed, feed rate, amount of water, and depth of cut as the main parameters.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of some novel anthropometric indices and adipocytokines to evaluate CV risk among T2DM patients. Methods: A total of 112 patients (men, 57; women, 55) with T2DM visiting Family Medicine and Endocrine counseling in the area of Health centers of Sarajevo Canton were included in this study. The sera samples were analyzed for fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, lipid profile parameters, adiponectin, and resistin levels. The Adiponectin/Resistin Index (A/R Index) was estimated using the formula. The novel anthropometric measurements, including the Conicity index (CI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), abdominal volume index (AVI), and Body adiposity index (BAI) were estimated. The 10-year risk for coronary heart disease (CHD) and fatal coronary heart disease (fCHD) is calculated by using UKPDS Risk software. Results: The adiponectin was shown as a statistically significant negative association with CHD in female subjects, and the A/R index as a statistically significant association with CHD and fCHD in male subjects. The AVI is superior to the CI, LAP, VAI, and BAI in assessing cardiometabolic risk in T2DM patients. Conclusions: Our study indicated that measuring adiponectin and A/R index, together with measuring AVI as a measure of general volume, can be used as surrogates in the evaluation of high cardiovascular risk among T2DM patients.

Background and Objectives: Patient satisfaction with health care can influence health care-seeking behavior in relation to both minor or major health problems or influence communication and compliance with medical advice, which is especially important in emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, it is important to continually monitor patient satisfaction with provided care and their dynamics. The aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction with health care during the COVID-19 pandemic in the adult population of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H) and compare it with levels of satisfaction in the same population before the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: A representative, population-based survey was implemented in the adult population of the FB&H using the EUROPEP instrument, which measures satisfaction with health care using 23 items. The sample included 740 respondents who were 18 years or older residing in the FB&H and was implemented in December 2020. All data were collected using a system of online panels. The survey questions targeted the nine months from the beginning of the pandemic to the time of data collection, i.e., the period of March to December 2020. Results: The mean composite satisfaction score across all 23 items of the EUROPEP tool was 3.2 points in all age groups; the ceiling effect was 22% for the youngest respondents (18–34 years old), 23% for 35–54 years old, and 26% for the oldest group (55+), showing increasing satisfaction by age. The overall composite score for both females and males was 3.2. The ceiling effect was higher in those with chronic disease (29% vs. 23% in those without chronic disease). The composite mean score for respondents residing in rural vs. urban areas was 3.2 with a ceiling effect of 22% in rural and 24% in urban residents. When comparing mean composite scores surveyed at various points in time in the FB&H, it was found that the score increased from 3.3 to 3.5 between 2011 and 2017 and dropped again to 3.3 in this study. Despite these observations in the overall trends of satisfaction scores, we note that no statistically significant differences were observed between most of the single-item scores in the stratified analysis, pointing to the relative uniformity of satisfaction among the analyzed population subgroups. Conclusions: The rate of satisfaction with health care services in the FB&H was lower during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2011 and 2017. Furthermore, while an increasing trend in satisfaction with health care was observed in the FB&H during the years prior to 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic may have contributed to the reversal of this trend. It is important to further monitor the dynamics of patient satisfaction with health care, which could serve as a basis for planning, delivering, and maintaining quality services during the COVID-19 pandemic and other emergencies.

This paper analyses the statistical parameters that give a comprehensive overview of the socio-demographic state of the border areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and it represents a novel attempt to examine the disparity and relationships between central and peripheral parts of national territory. The methodology is based on examining the differences between border and non-border municipalities/cities according to four groups of indicators, to obtain four indices: depopulation, natural change, ageing and education. Statistically significant differences were found primarily in the context of population age structure, and it can be concluded that the ageing process has affected bordering regions more than the rest of the country.