Lightning parameters are needed in different engineering applications. For the prediction of the severity of transient voltages in power systems, an accurate knowledge of the parameters of lightning currents is essential. All relevant standards and technical brochures recommend that lightning characteristics should be classified according to geographical regions instead of assuming that these characteristics are globally uniform. Many engineers and scientists suggest that better methods for lightning current measurements and analyses need to be developed. A system for direct lightning current measurements installed on Mount Lovćen is described in this paper. Observed data were analyzed, and statistical data on parameters that are of interest for engineering applications were obtained, as well as correlations between various lightning parameters. Furthermore, a novel approach for classifying and analyzing lightning data from direct measurements based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is proposed. Matlab was used as a tool for signal processing and statistical analysis. The methodology implemented in this work opens possibilities for automated analysis of large data sets and expressing lightning parameters in probabilistic terms from the data measured on site.

In their individual categories and entities, both American and Bosnian and Herzegovinian literatures are more transnational in the 21st century than ever before in the history of the literature of both countries, or even in the history of world literature. The transnationality of both has been manifested in many ways through the history of the world as seen as an open space for mobility in both literatures, being in many respects opposed to the closed spaces of the “imagined communities” of the nation-states these literatures “belong to” in the national context. In addition, transnational American and Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature has been created on both sides as a joined and mutual, permuting and open space/category in both literatures. Hence, there are individual systems and spaces of Transnational American Literature(s) and Transnational Bosnian and Herzegovinian Literature(s), and there is a mutual category and a joined entity of Transnational American and Bosnian and Herzegovinian Literature(s) as part of the generic system of both trans/national works of literature. The special aim of the article is to contribute to the field of the study of Contemporary Transnational American, Bosnian-Herzegovinian, and American-Bosnian-Herzegovinian works of literature, emphasizing how the identities of authors and/or their books and then their modes of mobility, can defamiliarize and resist conventions and canon of “imagined communities”. In that context, the article also aims to benefit contemporary trans/national literary and cultural studies in their specificity and uniqueness in the United States and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Broader the world, examining the processes through which American and Bosnian-Herzegovinian literature become members of the “World Republic of Letters” and how this process is experienced and vice versa

Abstract In this invited review article, we give a comprehensive account of the existing literature on the electronic properties of organic materials. The main focus of this article is the rich and extensive literature on the electronic transport in organic materials, particularly conjugated polymers, as they offer numerous advantages over inorganic materials. Consequently, they have found widespread application in photovoltaics, light-emitting displays, and even, more recently, in thermoelectric energy conversion. This literature review will be useful to researchers starting in the field of organic electronics as well as experts seeking to broaden their understanding of transport in polymers.

Simple Summary Radionecrosis is a common and rising problem in neuro-oncology. Image interpretation and management of these patients has to be conducted in an interdisciplinary setting in order to offer the best medical care to patients with gliomas or brain metastases. In this article, we provide a state-of-the-art institutional guideline for the current morphological, functional, metabolic and evolving imaging tools to distinguish radionecrosis from tumor recurrence. We also discuss the therapeutic possibilities and give an outlook on future developments to tackle this challenging topic. Abstract Radiation necrosis represents a potentially devastating complication after radiation therapy in brain tumors. The establishment of the diagnosis and especially the differentiation from progression and pseudoprogression with its therapeutic implications requires interdisciplinary consent and monitoring. Herein, we want to provide an overview of the diagnostic modalities, therapeutic possibilities and an outlook on future developments to tackle this challenging topic. The aim of this report is to provide an overview of the current morphological, functional, metabolic and evolving imaging tools described in the literature in order to (I) identify the best criteria to distinguish radionecrosis from tumor recurrence after the radio-oncological treatment of malignant gliomas and cerebral metastases, (II) analyze the therapeutic possibilities and (III) give an outlook on future developments to tackle this challenging topic. Additionally, we provide the experience of a tertiary tumor center with this important issue in neuro-oncology and provide an institutional pathway dealing with this problem.

Conducting safety simulations in various simulators, such as the Gazebo simulator, became a very popular means of testing vehicles against potential safety risks (i.e. crashes). However, this was not the case with security testing. Performing security testing in a simulator is very difficult because security attacks are performed on a different abstraction level. In addition, the attacks themselves are becoming more sophisticated, which directly contributes to the difficulty of executing them in a simulator. In this paper, we attempt to tackle the aforementioned gap by investigating possible attacks that can be simulated, and then performing their simulations. The presented approach shows that attacks targeting the LiDAR and GPS components of unmanned aerial vehicles can be simulated. This is achieved by exploiting vulnerabilities of the ROS and MAVLink protocol and injecting malicious processes into an application. As a result, messages with arbitrary values can be spoofed to the corresponding topics, which allows attackers to update relevant parameters and cause a potential crash of a vehicle. This was tested in multiple scenarios, thereby proving that it is indeed possible to simulate certain attack types, such as spoofing and jamming.

Abstract Considering the burning problem of corruption and non-transparency of public enterprises in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), the paper aims to investigate whether the Beneish M-score model can be used to predict inaccurate financial statements. Where, the cause of inaccurate financial statements are intentional or unintentional errors. On a sample of 200 financial statements of public enterprises and related audit reports issued by the Audit Office of the Institutions in FBiH, we made a link between the Beneish M score model with its partial indicators (DSRI, GMI, AQI, SGI, DEPI, SGAI, LVGI, TATA) and four types of opinions: positive, opinion with distraction, negative and refraining from giving opinions. The research was conducted using descriptive statistics and an artificial neural network with the “scaled conjugate gradient backpropagation (trainscg)” algorithm for pattern recognition and classification. The research results show that it is possible on the basis of 8 partial indicators (DSRI, GMI, AQI, SGI, DEPI, SGAI, LVGI, TATA) i.e. 24 balance sheet position for their calculation, predict the auditor’s opinion on the quality of financial statements of public companies with an accuracy ranging between 98 and 100% in repeated procedures. The results of the research have their practical usefulness and can serve to researchers, creditors, customers, suppliers and state auditors in planning resources and priorities for performing financial audits at public companies in the FBiH.

Abstract Waste transport is just one of the segments in the solid municipal waste management. Throughout the entire waste life cycle, starting by generation of waste, via storing, collecting, transporting, recycling, treating and depositing, several different polluting substances are emitted. The solid waste transport, apropos, transporting vehicles emit into the air different pollution substances such as CO2, CO, NOx, NMVOC, PM, PAHs etc. These substances can present certain problems for human health and environment. The research subject of this study is the analysis of solid waste transportation within the Banja Luka region (B&H), from towns and municipalities belonging to the region and transporting their mixed municipal waste to the Banja Luka landfill. In the analysis, following parameters are included: distance to the landfill, type of vehicle used for the waste transportation, type of the engine, vehicle capacity and the number of tours during a year. The study estimates the emission of CO, NOx, NMVOC, and PM2.5 during one year using the listed parameters and by applying EMEP/EEA guidelines for estimating the emission of polluting substances into the air. The largest emission of polluting substances (CO, NOx, NMVOC and PM2.5) is from the oldest vehicles. The newest vehicles had a significantly lesser emission of these polluting substances into the air. The recommendation for decreasing the emission from the transportation vehicles is to organise the transfer-stations, procure new vehicles, optimise the collection routes and decrease the number of tours, as well as to better the usage of the vehicle capacity level.

Abstract COVID-19 is behind us, that is, it no longer poses a direct threat to the normal functioning of higher education. Nevertheless, the answers to the challenges in teaching, brought with it by COVID-19, have become an integral part of the curriculum of higher education institutions. When it comes to online teaching in accounting courses, additional creativity was expected from the teaching staff to successfully transfer knowledge. This was a particularly difficult challenge for those institutions and teaching staff who had not previously applied online teaching and online tools in the teaching process. The research was conducted on students of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Mostar (EF Mostar, FEM) and students of the Faculty of Economics of the University of Split (EF Split, FES), who took one or more accounting courses in the pandemic academic year 2020/2021 and partly in the academic year 2021/2022. The paper tried to offer answers to the questions about the degree of student satisfaction with online teaching, what are the advantages and disadvantages of this kind of teaching, and in which aspects there is room for improvement when considering the teaching of accounting courses in the context of online teaching.

Background: The VEPs provide an objective measure of brain function, analyzing integrity of visual processing. With patients affected with schizophrenia, the changes with the implementation of VEP are evident, such as symmetrical deceleration of the impulse and the continuance of latency, which points to a degenerative illness, suggesting the presence of optical neuritis or hemianopsia conjoined with mentioned intracranial illness. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation of positive and negative symptoms (PANSS scores) and P100 latency between patients with schizophrenia and patients with migraine headache according to gender and age. Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were applied. Methods: The sample included 80 subjects: a) S group- 40 patients with schizophrenia (21 males; 19 females); b) H group-40 healthy subjects with migraine headache (10 males; 30 females). The study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry and Neurology University Clinical Center Sarajevo. Results: Our research revealed positive correlation of the P100 latency and the PANSS score of negative symptoms, which means that the subjects of the observed group with a higher latency of the P100 wave of the entire visual field in both eyes have higher PANSS scores of negative symptoms. The correlation is significantly higher in female subjects (37% shared variance) than in male subjects (12% shared variance). All male subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of 17 or higher, while all female subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of less than 17 positive correlations were registered in P100 latency in left view field of both eyes and in P100 amplitude in the region of right eye (p=0.01) in comparation with left eye region (p=0.05) in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Results imply that the cognitive impairment seen in schizophrenia is not just due to deficits in higher order aspects of cognition but also encompasses significant deficits in early sensory processing. Our study is useful to initiate new questions and recommendations for further studies, specifically on changes in the occipital lobe in the schizophrenic patient’s brain.

Motor vehicles are complex dynamic systems due to spatial vibratory displacements during movement, changes in the characteristics of components during life cycle, a large number of influences and disturbances, the occurrence of clearance, friction, hysteresis, etc. The mentioned dynamic phenomena, especially vibrations, cause fatigue of the driver and passengers, reduce the life cycle of the vehicle and its systems, etc. In the general case, the movement of motor vehicles is done on uneven roads (terrain) and curvilinear paths in flat roads (terrains). Oscillatory movements cause loading of vehicle parts, but they also negatively affect human health. Therefore, even in the design phase of the vehicle, special attention must be paid to the harmonization of the mutual movement of the vehicle subsystem, and in particular, the suspension system. Theoretical, experimental or combined methods can be used for this purpose, and it is very useful to have experimental results of vibration of the vehicle subsystems in real operational conditions. Therefore, it is very useful to have experimental results of vibration of vehicle subsystems in operational conditions. Bearing that in mind, the aim of this wpaper was to use the movement of FAP 1118, 4x4 wheel formula, in operational conditions (due to higher speeds - in road conditions) to define laboratory conditions for testing. This is made possible by registering and identifying statistical parameters of registered quantities.

The vehicle steering system is one of the most important systems on the vehicle, both in terms of safety and performance. Based on the geometry of the steering trapezoid, the geometry of the suspension system, the alignment angles of the wheels, as well as the characteristics of the tires, a mathematical model for the design of the formula student vehicle "Road Arrow" steering system was developed. Based on the dynamic state of the vehicle, the mathematical model provides information on the stress of the steering system, the torque on the steering wheel and the slip angles of the steered wheels. The mathematical model was developed using the MATLAB software, and validation of the results was performed by comparing the results with the ones obtained by simulations in MSC ADAMS. Analysing the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that the average value of relative error of the stress is approximately 15%, for slip angles of the steered wheels is approximately 7%, and the error for torque on the steering wheel is approximately 6%.