Background: Vascular calcification is a frequent consequence of ageing and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to compare two rapid scoring systems for quantifying calcification of the distal abdominal aorta and iliac arteries and to investigate correlations with increasing age. Methods: Patients aged ≥65 years who sustained pelvic trauma between 2003 and 2023 and underwent computed tomography (CT) were included in this retrospective study. Patients were categorised into three age groups (65–74, 75–84, ≥85). The abdominal aorta calcification score (AACS) and the common, external, and total iliac artery calcification scores (CIACS, EIACS, TIACS) were assessed on cross-sectional images and classified into three severity grades (mild, moderate, severe). Results: A total of 224 patients (mean age 78.8 ± 8.5 years; 62% female) were included. Significant differences between age groups were identified for hypertension (p < 0.001), osteoporosis (p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (p = 0.015), chronic heart failure (p = 0.004), chronic kidney disease (p < 0.001), neurocognitive disorders (p < 0.001), and anticoagulant therapy (p = 0.002). Calcification severity increased with age across all vascular territories (EIACS p = 0.006; others p < 0.001). In multivariable linear regression, age remained the strongest adjusted predictor of calcification across all vascular regions (β = 0.323–0.376, all p < 0.001). Significant positive correlations were found between aortic and iliac calcifications (all p < 0.001), strongest between AACS and CIACS (ρ = 0.78, CI 0.719–0.835) and TIACS (ρ = 0.745, CI 0.676–0.807). Corresponding categorical associations were most pronounced between AACS and CIACS. Conclusions: The evaluated calcification scores were strongly correlated and demonstrated clear age-dependent trends. Given their simplicity and applicability to routine CT imaging, these methods may provide practical tools for assessing vascular ageing.

Medical image registration is crucial for various clinical and research applications including disease diagnosis or treatment planning which require alignment of images from different modalities, time points, or subjects. Traditional registration techniques often struggle with challenges such as contrast differences, spatial distortions, and modality-specific variations. To address these limitations, we propose a method that integrates learnable edge kernels with learning-based rigid and non-rigid registration techniques. Unlike conventional layers that learn all features without specific bias, our approach begins with a predefined edge detection kernel, which is then perturbed with random noise. These kernels are learned during training to extract optimal edge features tailored to the task. This adaptive edge detection enhances the registration process by capturing diverse structural features critical in medical imaging. To provide clearer insight into the contribution of each component in our design, we introduce four variant models for rigid registration and four variant models for non-rigid registration. We evaluated our approach using a dataset provided by the Medical University across three setups: rigid registration without skull removal, with skull removal, and non-rigid registration. Additionally, we assessed performance on two publicly available datasets. Across all experiments, our method consistently outperformed state-of-the-art techniques, demonstrating its potential to improve multi-modal image alignment and anatomical structure analysis.

Abstract This article explores antigender mobilisation – a global phenomenon that challenges and undermines gender equality – with a focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Using a political process model of social movements, it examines antigender activities and tactics within broader social, institutional, and political contexts. Drawing on qualitative interviews and focus groups with activists, journalists, and other professionals with lived experience, the study highlights how narratives centred on tradition and family values intersect with wartime legacies, ethnic divisions, prevailing conservativism, political conditions, and international influences. In the Republika Srpska entity, such campaigns have been supported by the state and systematically coordinated, posing serious threats to women’s and LGBTQ+ rights. Elsewhere in BiH, antigender rhetoric persists but remains more fragmented. The findings demonstrate how local dynamics intersect with transnational trends, revealing the mechanisms by which antigender mobilisation undermines gender equality in a postconflict setting.

An efficient and energetic fight against crime, especially against specific forms of organized crime, which, by its nature, implies the acquisition of property benefits obtained through criminal offenses, at the same time implies and obligates the timely and efficient initiation and conduct of financial investigation. This investigation is an effective means of forfeiture of the proceeds of crime and is usually conducted in the phase of conducting a classic investigation when certain conditions are met, from which it follows that its initiation, implementation and conduct is not conditioned by raising and confirming of an indictment. The competent prosecutor of Bosnia and Herzegovina independently and autonomously decides on the initiation and conduct of financial investigation, so that it is not necessary to obtain any prior consent, approval or order from the competent court. The management and supervisory role during the conduct of financial investigation belongs to the competent prosecutor, who orders its conduct by issuing an order. In the implementation or enforcement sense, authorized police officers have a key and dominant role in timely, efficient and legal conduct of financial investigation, which includes the discovery of proceeds of crime, and the collection of necessary evidence for the efficient conduct and conclusion of criminal proceedings. The Criminal Procedure Code of Bosnia and Herzegovina does not specifically regulate financial investigations. This investigation is prescribed by special laws (lex specialis) at the level of the Entities of the Federation of BiH and the Republika Srpska, as well as Brčko District of BiH. However, at the state level, although the law does not directly define the initiation and conduct of financial investigation, it derives from the general concept of the investigation, so that it is applied when it comes to criminal offenses that involve the proceeds of crime.

<p>Bosnia and Herzegovina is in the early stages of energy transition. There is an obvious increased pressure to modernize existing waste management and environmental protection systems. Actions and actions at the EU and regional levels mark the ever-present need to develop hydrogen technologies and a circular economy. Waste is becoming a resource. The capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina should be a leader in changes of this kind. Sarajevo should be a model to be followed by other cities in the region. This city and its surroundings produce a huge amount of waste, which, if considered a resource, can, through the application of certain technological and technical solutions, become a source of energy and other raw materials for some industries such as the construction or metal industries. Therefore, Sarajevo has a special challenge and is expected to respond correctly and quickly. The Sarajevo landfill, Smiljevići, is the cause of serious problems that are reflected in large quantities of waste, its separation, the capacity of landfill surfaces, and the emission of gases and leachates. These problems have been unsolved for decades and are still a major challenge. They are two-dimensional as a<br />technical problem, but also as an institutional problem.</p>

Cultural and event tourism plays a key role in the global tourism industry, contributing significantly to national, regional, and cross-border development strategies. It attracts visitors interested in cultural heritage, artistic events, and local traditions, supporting the preservation and promotion of local identity. Assessing cultural tourist flows become essential to understand their economic and social impact, and this article proposes an integrated methodology, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, including data collection on cultural events, participant estimation, economic analysis, satisfaction assessment, data visualization, reporting, and continuous monitoring. The proposed model ensures a comprehensive evaluation of cultural tourist flows and supports the sustainable development of cultural tourism. Its relevance is both theoretical and applied: it offers a conceptual and analytical framework for studying this complex phenomenon, but also, it provides useful insights for decision-makers and stakeholders involved in tourism development, helping to design effective policies and strategies for promoting and managing cultural tourism. The novelty of the research lies in the proposal of a detailed and integrated methodology tailored to the specific challenges of evaluating cultural tourism, aiming to improve data accuracy, strategic planning, and long-term sustainability.

<p>In the pursuit of sustainable industrial transformation, additive manufacturing has emerged as more than a technological revolution&mdash;it represents a new philosophy of production. This paper explores how 3D and 4D printing technologies can serve as key enablers of waste reduction and resource optimization across diverse sectors. By shifting from traditional subtractive methods to digitally controlled additive processes, 3D printing minimizes material loss and energy use through precision, customization, and local production. Going a step further, 4D printing introduces smart, stimuli-responsive materials capable of self-adaptation and regeneration, creating systems that not only reduce waste but actively extend product lifecycles. Through an interdisciplinary lens, the study examines material innovation, eco-design principles, and the integration of artificial intelligence and digital twins for real-time optimization of manufacturing processes. The findings highlight the transformative potential of additive and time-evolving manufacturing in supporting circular economy objectives, Industry 5.0 paradigms, and the broader goals of the European Green Deal. Ultimately, the paper argues that the convergence of digital intelligence and material adaptability offers a tangible pathway toward regenerative, zero-waste production ecosystems. Its originality lies in bridging technological foresight with applied sustainability practice, offering actionable insights for industries and policymakers seeking to redesign value chains through intelligent, resourcepositive manufacturing.</p>

<p>In a period of global social and economic change, the teaching profession in transition countries is undergoing a profound transformation. Teachers of natural sciences and mathematics are particularly affected, as their role becomes crucial in developing the competencies necessary to understand and implement the principles of sustainable development. This paper analyzes the challenges and perspectives of the teaching profession in the context of educational reforms, technological changes, and the demands of the green economy. Using a comparative approach, the research examines the state of teacher education in the fields of natural sciences and mathematics in transition countries, with a special focus on Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results show that it is necessary to redefine teachers&rsquo; professional development through innovative pedagogical models, the integration of digital and environmental competencies, and an interdisciplinary approach to teaching. Particular emphasis is placed on strengthening teacher autonomy, continuous professional learning, and institutional support to empower teachers as agents of change within educational systems. The paper concludes that the future of the teaching profession, especially in the fields of natural sciences and mathematics, plays a key role in building a knowledge-based society and supporting a sustainable transition toward a green and inclusive economy.</p>

<p>The bird fauna of southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, extending to the tri-border area of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Croatia, was studied. The habitats and migrations were analyzed over a five-year period with the aim of long-term monitoring and protection of species. The methods used for monitoring, marking, recording, and data processing included: the kilometer transect method, point census, free-route field surveys, and the &ldquo;playback&rdquo; method. Previous studies of bird fauna in this park were analyzed in order to synthesize results.The main results obtained from field research include a systematized list of bird species and maps indicating key nesting habitats. The results will contribute to stakeholders&rsquo; efforts to protect species and secure habitats in this area.</p>

Background. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. A disturbance in the number of white blood cells results from direct damage to cells, primarily lymphocytes, by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Aim. The work aims to examine the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the laboratory parameter values ​​in bedridden patients during hospitalization. Results. To determine the impact of COVID-19 infection on laboratory parameter values ​​, the study included 80 respondents hospitalized at the UCC Tuzla Infectious Diseases Clinic from 1.1.2021. - 31.12.2021. year. Among the respondents, 58.75% were men and 41.25% were women. A review of laboratory findings shows that there is a statistically significant difference between erythrocyte values ​​and the time of measurement (P=0.028). At admission, 93.75% of subjects had high C-reactive protein (CRP) values, 87.50% of subjects on day 5 of measurement, and 67.50% of subjects had high values ​​at discharge from the hospital. There was a statistically significant increase in CRP values ​​compared to reference values ​​(P=0.000). There was a statistically significant increase in platelets in subjects measured on admission (11.25% of subjects), on the 5th day of hospital stay (28.75% of subjects), and at discharge (33.75% of subjects) (P=0.000). Conclusion. Given the results obtained, we can conclude about the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on the disruption of laboratory parameter values, especially the decrease in the number of erythrocytes and the increase in ferritin and C-reactive protein.

Background: Refractory atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) is a rare condition, but poses a clinical challenge after failed standard ablation. Very high-power, short-duration (vHPSD) radiofrequency (RF) ablation has not yet been explored in slow pathway ablation/modification. Case Summary: A 61-year-old woman with recurrent AVNRT despite two prior ablations and multiple antiarrhythmics underwent successful slow pathway ablation using a 90-watt, 4-s vHPSD protocol. CARTO-guided mapping localized the presumed slow pathway, followed by several 90 W applications. Transient second-degree AV block (Wenckebach type) occurred and resolved spontaneously. The patient remained arrhythmia-free at 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: This is the first reported clinical use of 90 W/4 s RF energy for AVNRT. The vHPSD approach may offer an effective alternative for patients with refractory AVNRT.