ABSTRACT Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a life‐threatening condition with no cure, making research into its underlying mechanisms critical. The platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) signaling pathway plays a crucial role in vascular remodeling, a key factor in PAH progression. Anti‐PDGF receptor therapies, such as imatinib, show promise but are associated with significant side effects. Recent research identified PDGF‐D as a new risk gene in idiopathic PAH, highlighting the need for further investigation into the PDGF pathway in the disease. In this study, we investigated PDGF‐D, a specific PDGFRβ ligand, as a potential therapeutic target. RNA‐Seq data from healthy lungs indicated that PDGF‐D is predominantly expressed in inflammatory cells, whereas in vascular lesions of idiopathic PAH patients, PDGF‐D was produced by various cell types. In vitro, PDGF‐D induced mitogenic effects on pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. However, genetic deletion of PDGF‐D in the chronic hypoxia mouse model of pulmonary hypertension showed no significant impact on vascular muscularization, hemodynamic parameters, or right ventricular hypertrophy. But, the absence of hypoxia‐induced Pdgfrb upregulation and the lack of increased expression of PAH‐regulated genes, Fgf2 and Notch3, in PDGF‐D‐deficient mice, suggests activation of alternative mechanisms. MicroRNA analyses revealed PDGF‐d‐related alterations in the expression of miR‐21 and miR‐451, both important regulators in PAH, further supporting the notion that PDGF‐D plays a unique role in PAH development. Taken together, our data suggest that PDGF‐D may target a distinct population of PDGFRβ‐expressing cells, separate from those stimulated by PDGF‐B, positioning PDGF‐D as a potentially unique and compelling therapeutic target for PAH.

<p><i>This paper aimed to examine whether the level of knowledge of the International Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants</i><i> </i><i>influences the readiness of accountants to act in accordance with its guidelines, even under pressure that can adversely affect their professional status. The survey was conducted among medium and large companies in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) in 2023, with a sample of 71 respondents. The results have shown a positive connection between the level of knowledge of the Code and the willingness to take ethical action, including situations with potentially negative consequences, such as paying salaries or losing jobs, for respondents. Additionally, professional accountants who are more familiar with the Code are more likely to report the unethical behavior of management, either to relevant institutions or to the public. However, in the FBiH business practice so far, such treatment is a rarity, which indicates a gap between theoretical knowledge and actual behaviour.</i></p>

The paper presents an overview of usage of the analog and hybrid computers in education and research in the field of electrical engineering in the period of 1964–1988 at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering University of Sarajevo. A brief description of the analog RAS and PACE 231R computers, and hybrid system HRS-100 is provided. Development of teaching is documented and illustrated, and line of research is presented with the detailed bibliography.

Anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare heart defect present at birth. In this condition, the left coronary artery, which normally comes from the aorta, instead starts from the pulmonary artery. This abnormal connection can lead to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, causing damage like heart attacks and increasing the risk of serious heart rhythm problems or sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Diagnosis is made through imaging studies, and treatment often involves surgical correction to restore normal coronary circulation. The prognosis of ALCAPA largely depends on the age at which it is diagnosed and the timing of treatment. Early intervention is crucial for improving outcomes. This case report presents a 11-year-old girl, who is an athlete, with late presentation of ALCAPA syndrome in the form of ventricular fibrillation leading to SCA. She had no previous symptoms, the electrocardiogram showed no abnormalities except for left axis deviation and the several echocardiograms showed no enlargement of the left ventricle, with possible big right coronary artery. ALCAPA has been confirmed by computed tomography coronary angiographyscan. Child was surgically treated by coronary artery transfer for ALCAPA with satisfactory outcome. The implantation of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator is still under consideration.

Asthma is a chronic condition that affects breathing and quality of life, and rehabilitation is crucial for reducing symptoms and improving overall health. While pharmacological treatments manage symptoms, physiotherapy and kinesitherapy are recognized as effective methods of rehabilitation. This review discusses current therapeutic approaches for allergic asthma, including aerobic exercises, breathing techniques, and postural exercises. This article reviews contemporary research on kinesitherapy and rehabilitation methods in the treatment of allergic asthma. Using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, we assessed the quality of 25 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Findings indicate that kinesitherapy improves lung function, reduces the frequency of asthma attacks, and enhances patient quality of life. Of the studies assessed, 12 showed a low risk of bias, bolstering the reliability of our conclusions. Nonetheless, methodological limitations in several studies highlight the need for rigorous research designs in future investigations of the effects of physical exercise on asthma rehabilitation. This review underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and suggests integrating kinesitherapy into standard asthma treatment protocols. Asthma often leads to decreased physical activity due to symptoms such as shortness of breath; however, guided kinesitherapy in rehabilitation can reduce attack frequency, improve lung function, and lower medication needs. The study highlights the need for more research on optimal rehabilitation protocols for allergic asthma.

The rise in the consumption of multimedia content has resulted in the demand to provide an exceptional user experience. However, modelling user-perceived Quality of Experience (QoE) presents a complex challenge. This fuels ongoing efforts to understand and measure QoE. To assess it, researchers rely on both subjective quality assessment (where users view and rate videos) and objective quality assessment (where quality metrics are designed to calculate perceived video quality). Although subjective evaluation is essential for mapping user experience to objective metrics, many studies omit the analysis of the impact of content preferences on user experience. This oversight limits our understanding of how video content influences QoE perception.To address this limitation, we created a multi-content video dataset with impairments based on realistic network conditions. Furthermore, we conducted a subjective study in a controlled environment evaluating the impact of user content category preferences and user video preference on QoE. One of our initial findings is that the actual video denoted as uninteresting by users had the most negative impact on the overall user QoE, but had no impact on user perception of other video degradations.

<p>A healthy and stable financial system is very important for the development and growth of a country, and its key role is to provide conditions that will enable the unhindered flow of financial resources. Given that the stability of the banking system represents, both nationally and internationally, a matter of general public interest, banks in all countries are subject to supervision by supervisory authorities. The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision plays a key role in shaping international standards with the aim of preserving the stability of the financial system. This paper explores the impact of the implementation of Basel III standards on the operations of banks in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), with an emphasis on capital adequacy, liquidity and risk management. The research was conducted using a quantitative method, using a structured questionnaire, and SPSS software was used for statistical analysis of the research results. The analysis was conducted using a one-sample t-test to assess the deviation of respondents'&nbsp;attitudes from the neutral value. The results indicate a significant perception of the impact of Basel III standards on capital and risk management in the banking sector of the FBiH and provide a basis for improving the regulatory framework and bank supervision.</p>

Background and purpose: Three genera and eleven species of Glossosomatidae family have been confirmed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, there is limited research on the biodiversity of this family in the region, especially on molecular data. With this paper, we contribute to the knowledge on the Glossosomatidae family with the first molecular records for two species for Bosnia and Herzegovina. Materials and methods: Larval samples of caddisflies were collected in April 2019 and 2021 at the area of the Natural Monument the Spring of Bosna River followed by morphological identification. Molecular confirmation of species was done using DNA barcoding, targeting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region using Folmer’s primers and degenerated primers LCO1490-JJ and HCO2198-JJ. All obtained PCR products were bidirectionally sequenced using the same primers as in PCR. Results: Out of 52 specimens, 18 were morphologically determined to species level. A DNA barcode was successfully generated for 16 specimens. Eight sequences were generated for Synagapetus krawanyi, revealing three haplotypes previously absent from the BOLD database. Four sequences were obtained for S. iridipennis, with one new haplotype for BOLD database. Conclusions: We present new data on species distribution and genetic diversity of S. krawanyi and S. iridipennis from Bosnia and Herzegovina. This study contributes to the knowledge of caddisfly biodiversity and the Global Trichoptera Barcode Initiative by adding new records from two underrepresented species in the BOLD database.

Introduction: The main purpose of root canal filling materials is to provide an apical sealing that prevents the movement of bacteria and the diffusion of their metabolic products from the root canal system to periapical tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate’s (MTA), epoxy resin, and zinc oxide eugenol- based sealer with single cone obturation techniques using the dye extraction leakage method. Methods: Seventy-five extracted human single-rooted teeth were instrumented using the crown-down technique with the Mtwo rotary file system to file 25/6. The teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n = 15); Group 1 obturated with AH plus, Group 2 obturated with MTA BIOSEAL, Group 3 obturated with Endoseal, Group 4 positive control (POS CTRL) root canals are processed but not obturated, and negative control- apex of teeth completely covered with nail varnish, canals are not treated or obturated. In the first three groups, the single cone obturation technique with gutta-percha 25/6 was used. Apical microleakage was assessed with the dye extraction method, where the absorbance of 2% methylene blue was measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: The mean dye concentration values were MTA 22.79, AH plus 31.16, Endoseal 36.67, POS CTRL 280.15, negative control 9.01. Analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons indicated a significant difference in apical microleakage between the investigated groups (F = 3448, p < 0.001). The MTA BIOSEAL showed significantly less apical microleakage than the AH plus and Endoseal. The AH plus showed less apical microleakage than the Endoseal, although there was no significant difference between these two sealers. Conclusion: With the limitation of the study, it was concluded that MTA sealers show statistically less apical leakage than AH Plus and Endoseal.

One of the data science techniques is the data analysis, based primarily on various techniques and methods application in order to acquire, analyze, interpret and eventually visualize the data. The aim of these techniques is the translation of the raw data into the useful information. In this study, a comprehensive data analysis of accessible geological and hydrogeological settings of terrain in zones near “Zelenica” and “Gornje Polje” springs (alluvium of river Drina) near Loznica, has been performed. The lithologic-technical profiles of observation and of water-sampling objects have been analysed, and results, obtained by geophysical methods, subsequently interpreted. Besides, the grain size analysis test, aquifer tests, precipitations monitoring and water-level of Drina river monitoring at specified precipitation-/water-gauge were performed too. Obtained results are used as a starting point for creating the hydrogeological model (and hydrodynamic one afterwards) of the research area. The main tools used were Microsoft Excel software (for data preparation and analyzing) and Modflow code (for hydrogeological and hydrodynamic models creation).

A novel heterobimetallic ruthenium(II)–gold(I) complex featuring a bridging bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) ligand was prepared and fully characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed a piano-stool geometry around Ru(II) with η6-cymene, two chlorido ligands, and one phosphorus atom from dppb, while the Au(I) center adopts a linear P–Au–Cl coordination. Structural integrity in the solution was confirmed by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, while solution behavior was further monitored by variable solvent 31P NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, indicating that the organometallic Ru–arene core remains intact, whereas the chlorido ligands coordinated to Ru exhibit partial lability. Complementary characterization included elemental analysis, FTIR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Spectrofluorimetric and FRET analyses showed that Au(dppb), Ru(dppb), and the heterobimetallic AuRu complex bind to BSA with apparent constants of 1.41 × 105, 5.12 × 102, and 2.66 × 104 M−1, respectively, following a static quenching mechanism. In vivo biological evaluation in Wistar rats revealed no significant hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity, with only mild and reversible histological alterations and preserved hepatocyte nuclear morphology. Hematological analysis indicated a statistically significant reduction in leukocyte populations, suggesting immunomodulatory potential, while elevated serum glucose levels point to possible endocrine or metabolic activity. These findings highlight compound structural stability and intriguing bioactivity profile, making it a promising platform for further organometallic drug development and testing.