Independent of the respective NFC (near field communication) application the specific NFC device has to be tested for standard compliance. In the present work we propose a hybrid surrogate-model based synthesis strategy which enables the incorporation of standard compliance tests in the synthesis process. While the surrogate model is used in early optimization phases applying a stochastic optimization strategy, the highfidelity model is applied in the final deterministic optimization part. The high fidelity model is based on a thin wire partial element equivalent circuit method.

Abstract The public sector of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) from the aspect of complexity and comprehensiveness, includes all levels of government established within the state government, public companies, and the insurance system including: pension, health and social. The importance of performing duties and obligations in a transparent manner, and the possibility of detecting warning factors for corrupt activity are especially important in the public sector. Corrupt activities at all levels of the state structure of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), as well as fraudulent behaviour and abuses within it, are precisely the consequences of the complexity of the state system, and the impossibility of efficient and rational use of public funds. Adequately organized, in accordance with the law, and accepted as such by employees within a certain public sector organization, internal auditing contributes to more efficient operations and prevention of corrupt practices. The aim of the subject research is to look at the process of functioning of the internal audit in the public sector of FBiH in the field of prevention of corrupt activities. The results of the research indicate the non-functioning and non-establishment of the internal audit in the manner specified by law, as well as the inadequate implementation of its recommendations, degrading and derogating its role, importance and contribution in the prevention of corrupt activities in the public sector of FBiH.

Abstract This literature review focuses on concepts related to the role of information technology (IT) capabilities and managerial support in the context of advancing digital transformation and improving internal audit in the institutional environment. Through the synthesis of relevant academic sources, it is investigated how IT capacities and strategic management support influence the organizational ability to adapt to digital innovations. Special emphasis is placed on the complex dynamics that shape the interactions between these factors and their impact on institutional responsibility and performance. The results of the literature review illustrate the key mechanisms that support the digital transformation process, including the integration of technological systems, the development of digital competencies, and the role of management in providing resources and support. Further, a deeper understanding of the complexity of these interactions serves as a basis for further research in the field of digital transformation management and internal audit in an institutional context.

Abstract The integration of data analytics into forensic accounting has revolutionized the detection and prevention of financial fraud. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of recent advancements in this field, highlighting the application of machine learning, data mining, and big data techniques in identifying fraudulent activities. By reviewing the latest research and examining case studies, we demonstrate the enhanced accuracy and efficiency these technologies offer over traditional methods. The findings suggest that financial institutions should adopt these advanced tools to mitigate fraud risks and improve overall financial security. The paper also explores future research directions, emphasizing the need for developing hybrid models and real-time detection systems to further enhance fraud detection capabilities.

Physical literacy (PL) is the foundation for lifelong participation in physical activity. Most previous research concentrated on PL examinations in younger groups, while such research is scarce in the adult population. This study aimed to determine the PL levels of the Croatian adult population. Also, the aim was to investigate whether individuals with longer participation in organized physical activity have higher PL levels and do males and females differ in PL levels. The sample comprised 561 individuals (321 females, 240 males) aged 27.65±12.13 years. PL levels were assessed by the Croatian version of the Perceived Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPLQ-Cro). Demographic characteristics included age, gender, and years of involvement in organized physical activity. Gender differences were calculated using the Mann-Whitney U test and effect sizes. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine associations between study variables. Males had significantly higher PL levels compared to females (83.10±16.17 for males and 74.27±20.07 for females, Z=-6.88, p=0.001). Years of organized physical activity were associated with PL levels (R=0.48, p=0.001) in the total sample as well in males (R=0.55, p<0.001) and females (R=0.24, p<0.01) separately. The finding that years of organized physical activity are associated with total PL supports the theory that PL is the cornerstone for participating in lifetime physical activity. The results of this study emphasize the importance of introducing the concept of PL in numerous institutions and organizations connected with organized physical activity.

Factors associated with doping in sports are frequently studied, but sport specific, gender-stratified investigations are rare. This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and sport factors associated with doping tendency (DT) in professional handball players. The participants were handball professionals from Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina (n=173; 22.12±3.11 years of age, 64 females and 109 males) who were tested on sociodemographic variables (gender, age, education), sport factors (experience in sport, achievement at the junior and senior level), and doping factors (personal opinion on the problem of doping, doping knowledge, and personal DT). Logistic regressions with sociodemographic- and sport-factors as predictors were calculated for binarized outcome (positive DT vs. negative DT). A greater likelihood of having a positive DT was found for males than for females (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 1.16-2.12) and for those who achieved success at the junior level (OR=1.21, 95% CI: 1.02- 1.95). Among females, positive DT increased with experience in handball (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.11-1.55). Male players who achieved better competitive/sport results at a younger age were more prone to doping (OR=1.50, 95% CI: 1.21-1.83). While a greater tendency toward doping in males might be expected due to sociocultural factors, the gender-specific associations indicated specific factors that must be noted in the development of anti-doping strategies in this sport.

Abstract Digital technology has become inseparable from all core and supportive processes because of the intensive use of different digital tools. The paper aimed to determine teachers’ views on the impact of digital technology on business processes in higher education institutions - whether they recognize the impact and how they evaluate it. The survey was conducted among the teachers of the public University in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The results show that digital technology has a positive and mostly strong or medium impact on business processes in higher education institutions. The work on international research and educational projects and the teaching process are the most influenced by digital technology. It has a stronger impact on the core processes than on supportive activities. Teachers recognize the influence of digital transformation on all processes at universities, both core and supporting. The influence is stronger with core processes.

Abstract The paper provides an overview of all freshwater red algae species recorded to date in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on fieldwork and analysis of all available previously published data, it was determined that a total of 15 taxa from eight genera have been recorded to date: Bangia (1), Audoinella (3), Batrachospermum (2), Peludicola (1), Shaethia (1), Lemanea (4), Paralemanea (2) and Hildenbrandia (1). All taxa were found in clear, cold, well-oxygenated water. Bosnia and Herzegovina is very rich in different types of aquatic habitats. More than 100 sites were visited during the field research, but there are still many potential habitats where freshwater red algae can be found, which will be explored in the coming years. This work is the first step toward establishing long-term monitoring and listing of protected and threatened red algae in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The estimation of distances and angles is a routine part of an orthopedic surgical procedure. However, despite their prevalence, these steps are most often performed manually, heavily relying on the surgeon’s skill and experience. To address these issues, this study presents a sensor-equipped drill system which enables automatic estimation of the drilling angle and channel length. The angular accuracy and precision of the system were tested over a range of inclination angles and proved to be superior to the manual approach, with mean absolute errors ranging from 1.9 to 4.5 degrees for the manual approach, and from 0.6 to 1.3 degrees with the guided approach. When sensors were used for simultaneous estimation of both the inclination and anteversion angles, the obtained mean absolute errors were 0.35 ± 0.25 and 2 ± 1.33 degrees for the inclination and anteversion angles, respectively. Regarding channel length estimation, using measurements obtained with a Vernier caliper as a reference, the mean absolute error was 0.33 mm and the standard deviation of errors was 0.41 mm. The obtained results indicate a high potential of smart drill systems for improvement of accuracy and precision in orthopedic surgical procedures, enabling better patient clinical outcomes.

Abstract This paper examines the potential for transforming the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering building in Mostar into a Net Zero Energy Building (NZEB). The study assesses the building’s current energy consumption and explores feasible upgrades to achieve complete energy independence and zero CO2 emissions. The hybrid system, composed of rooftop solar panels, wind turbines, and a heat pump, has been thoroughly analyzed in this research to identify opportunities for optimization and expansion. Using software tools such as HOMER Pro and SUNNY DESIGN, the study models renewable energy capacities and simulates system performance to determine the investment potential and economic feasibility of achieving net-zero energy status. The findings offer valuable insights into practical strategies for implementing NZEB principles in public buildings across Bosnia and Herzegovina, contributing to broader sustainability goals and energy security in the region.

Abstract This paper investigates the potential application of neural networks for predicting electricity production in hybrid systems combining photovoltaic (PV) panels and wind turbines. The research focuses on identifying key factors affecting the efficiency and reliability of these systems, including weather variability, PV panel temperature control, solar irradiation, and panel contamination by dust and other pollutants. Artificial neural network (ANN) models are used to predict power output, incorporating robust data filtering and parameter optimization techniques. Through case studies from Germany, the significant role of stochastic weather patterns on energy production is demonstrated, highlighting the need for accurate modeling and strategic management. The findings emphasize that accurate modeling and prediction are crucial for optimizing the operation and reliability of hybrid systems, facilitating a reduced dependency on fossil fuels and promoting sustainable power accessibility in remote areas. By applying a Feed Forward Back Propagation Network (FFBPN), this research demonstrates improved prediction accuracy of power outputs, which is crucial for effective integration and management of renewable sources in the power grid. The study supports ongoing refinement of predictive models and system integration strategies to fully harness the potential of hybrid renewable energy systems.

Abstract In modern power systems, reliable electricity supply is crucial. This study analyzes the impact of small hydro power plants (SHPP) and photovoltaic (PV) systems on a low-voltage network using DigSILENT PowerFactory software tool. Results show that PV systems increase total harmonic distortion (THD), while sHPP reduces THD and significantly increases short-circuit currents during faults. These findings highlight the importance of strategic integration of distributed generation (DG) sources to maintain network quality and stability.