The eternal 1-secure set, strategically protects graphical structures against attacks by placing sentinels within dominating sets. This study adapts this concept to real-world scenarios, like emergency response systems, by addressing challenges such as roadblocks and traffic congestion. We introduce the secure set and the eternal 1-secure set for fuzzy graphs based on edge membership levels J. Our analysis examines the relationship between the security number of a fuzzy graph G at level J and the domination number of its spanning subgraph at level J, demonstrating the potential of the eternal 1-secure set to enhance security measures in dynamic environments.

The roadmap is organized into several thematic sections, outlining current computing challenges, discussing the neuromorphic computing approach, analyzing mature and currently utilized technologies, providing an overview of emerging technologies, addressing material challenges, exploring novel computing concepts, and finally examining the maturity level of emerging technologies while determining the next essential steps for their advancement.

Improved molecular strong-field approximation theory is used to calculate the ionisation probability for the high-order above-threshold ionisation process induced by a few-cycle pulse with two carrier frequencies and one envelope. The asymmetry in the photoelectron momentum distribution is due to the ultrashort nature of the driving pulse and due to the relative orientation of the molecule with respect to the laser field. We introduce the generalised asymmetry parameter, which can be used to quantitatively measure the asymmetry between the photoelectron spectra along arbitrarily many selected directions. We investigate the difference between the asymmetry parameters calculated for atomic and molecular targets and show that the contributions to the asymmetry strongly depend on the type of the employed driving pulse. For the driving pulse with components that are linearly polarised with mutually orthogonal polarisations, we find that the main source of the asymmetry, especially in the high-energy part of the spectrum, is the ultrashort nature of the pulse. The relative orientation of the molecule with respect to the laser pulse only affects the low- and medium-energy parts of the spectrum. On the other hand, for the driving pulse with circularly polarised counterrotating components, the asymmetry introduced by molecular orientation is more pronounced. We also analyse the influence of the characteristics of molecular orbitals on the asymmetries using the examples of N2 and O2 molecules.

Mining of the thick coal layers that include roof caving operation can results in residual coal quantities in the gob as a potential threat causing occurence of spontaneous oxidation process, smoldering, and endogenous mine fire that can affect the safety and regular mine operations. Endogeneous fire occurences in Zenica coal mines are directly linked to complex natural conditions reflecting in complex geological conditions, great depth of mining, high methane content in coal seams, and tendency of coal to spontaneous oxidation process. The subject of the paper is the analysis of endogenous fire supression method applyed in conditions of complete coal thickness longwall mining in Raspotočje mine, that has been rehabilitiated upon the endogeneous fire and then reactivated. The following methods were used in fire fighting: passive fire fighting methods (sealing of the area affected by the fire), active method (injection of electrofilter ash) and ventilation methods. Furthermore additional data (position of gob area and sealing objects, air flow regulators, routes of possible air migration, suggested technical solutions, etc) were added in the linear and canonic schemes for the purpose of defining efficient solutions for fire fighting. Key words: endogenous fire, longwall mining, advancing mining, fire fighting.

To maximize the impact of precision medicine approaches, it is critical to identify genetic variants underlying disease and to accurately quantify their functional effects. A gene exemplifying the challenge of variant interpretation is the von Hippel–Lindautumor suppressor (VHL). VHL encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates the cellular response to hypoxia. Germline pathogenic variants in VHL predispose patients to tumors including clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and pheochromocytoma, and somatic VHL mutations are frequently observed in sporadic renal cancer. Here we optimize and apply saturation genome editing to assay nearly all possible single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) across VHL’s coding sequence. To delineate mechanisms, we quantify mRNA dosage effects and compare functional effects in isogenic cell lines. Function scores for 2,268 VHL SNVs identify a core set of pathogenic alleles driving ccRCC with perfect accuracy, inform differential risk across tumor types and reveal new mechanisms by which variants impact function. These results have immediate utility for classifying VHL variants encountered clinically and illustrate how precise functional measurements can resolve pleiotropic and dosage-dependent genotype–phenotype relationships across complete genes. Saturation genome editing characterizes von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) coding variants and their associations with diseases. Function scores for 2,268 VHL single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) classify pathogenic alleles driving renal cell carcinoma and suggest new mechanisms by which variants impact function.

The aim of this study was to analyze various environmental factors influencing dyslexia to enhance our understanding of its risk factors, including the exposure of mothers of dyslexic children to potential negative developmental influences, perinatal and postnatal developmental characteristics of dyslexic children, genetic predisposition, socioeconomic status, and reading exposure in dyslexic children.Mothers of both dyslexic and non-dyslexic children took part in the study. The home literacy environment and the development of motor skills emerge as significant risk indicators for dyslexia. These findings hold profound implications for public health, emphasizing the critical importance of early childhood in providing children with the best possible educational opportunities.Key words:risk factors, dyslexia, child development, developmental influences, home literacy environment

This research aims to evaluate JavaScript frontend frameworks by their performance and popularity to provide practitioners with guidance in making informed decisions when choosing frontend frameworks for their projects. For that purpose, three applications with the same features were built using three best-known JavaScript frontend frameworks: Angular, React, and Vue. Comparative analysis was employed to conduct the framework comparison using the content of the three applications. For performance evaluation, tools like PageSpeed Insights, WebPageTest, GTmetrix, Pingdom, Lighthouse, and Google Performance were used. In addition, the research also offers the overall comparison of JavaScript frameworks including documentation quality, ability to develop mobile applications, learning curve, built-in features, etc. The results indicate that while React is accepted as the most popular frontend framework, Vue is the one that offers the best performance. The research also compares JavaScript frameworks by specific features they offer such as state management and analyses the implications of these features to the development process. According to the results, these features have big implications on the development process and they are very important when we are making decisions on which framework we will choose for some project.

Background. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia (SCZ) are highly heritable and linked to disruptions in foetal (neuro)development. While epigenetic processes are considered an important underlying pathway between genetic susceptibility and neurodevelopmental conditions, it is unclear (i) whether genetic susceptibility to these conditions is associated with epigenetic patterns, specifically DNA methylation (DNAm), already at birth; (ii) to what extent DNAm patterns are unique or shared across conditions, and (iii) whether these neonatal DNAm patterns can be leveraged to enhance genetic prediction of (neuro)developmental outcomes. Methods. We conducted epigenome-wide meta-analyses of genetic susceptibility to ASD, ADHD, and schizophrenia, quantified using polygenic scores (PGSs) on cord blood DNAm, using four population-based cohorts (npooled=5,802), all North European. Heterogeneity statistics were used to estimate DNAm pattern overlap between PGSs. Subsequently, DNAm-based measures of PGSs were built in a target sample, and used as predictors to test incremental variance explained over PGS in 130 (neuro)developmental outcomes spanning birth to 14 years. Outcomes. Probe-level analyses showed SCZ-PGS associated with neonatal DNAm at 246 loci (p<9x10-8), predominantly in the major histocompatibility complex. Functional characterization of SCZ-PGS loci confirmed strong genetic effects, significant blood-brain concordance and enrichment for immune-related pathways. 8 loci were identified for ASD-PGS (mapping to FDFT1 and MFHAS1), and none for ADHD-PGS. Regional analyses indicated a large number of differentially methylated regions for all PGSs (SCZ-PGS: 157, ASD-PGS: 130, ADHD-PGS: 166). DNAm signals are largely unique for individual PGSs. Finally, a DNAm-based measure of genetic susceptibility at birth nominally increased explained variance for several child cognitive and motor outcomes above PGS, but not after multiple testing correction. Interpretation. Genetic susceptibility for neurodevelopmental conditions, particularly schizophrenia, is detectable in cord blood DNAm at birth in a population-based sample, with largely distinct DNAm patterns between PGSs. These findings support the early-origins perspective on schizophrenia. Funding. HorizonEurope; European Research Council Keywords. Population-based; Genetic susceptibility; DNA methylation; Epigenetics; Neurodevelopmental conditions; Generation R Study; PREDO; ALSPAC; MoBa

In diffusion research, journalistic coverage is acknowledged as a significant factor in spreading awareness and fostering knowledge about innovation, potentially accelerating or impeding the adoption process. With regards to AI-related innovations, this dynamic has largely been studied within the context of Western developed countries. There is far less understanding of how this process unfolds in the news ecosystem of post-communist countries, particularly those with lower democratic standards and weaker economic development, such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. With the intention of gaining preliminary insights, this study investigated how the journalistic organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina covered the emergence and societal adoption of ChatGPT, a novel form of generative AI, during the initial six-month period following its widespread availability. The content analysis of relevant news messages (N=542) published by 40 legacy and digital- only news outlets was used to explore the key characteristics of journalistic coverage, the attention given to the issue over time and the media depictions of this innovative AI technology. Results indicate that a small group of news outlets, predominantly legacy news organizations, provided significantly more content on ChatGPT than others, particularly public broadcasting services. Findings highlight a tendency among news outlets to focus on either the risks or benefits of ChatGPT and similar AI-based products and amplify sources associated with the business sector and high-tech industry, overrepresented by male voices.

Introduction. At the end of 2019 and the year before, there was a significant spread of measles in the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region.Gap statement. Among the countries that reported, a measles outbreak was Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH).Aim. To describe the measles outbreak in BiH (an entity of the Federation of BiH, FBiH) in 2019.Methodology. Confirmatory IgM serology, measles nucleic acid detection by real-time RT-PCR and virus genotyping were done in the WHO-accredited laboratory for measles and rubella at the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo, Unit for Clinical Microbiology. Genotype was determined in all measles-RNA-positive cases by sequence analysis of the 450 nt fragment coding the C-terminal of measles virus nucleoprotein (N).Results. From 1 January to 31 December 2019, 1332 measles cases were reported, with the peak observed in April 2019 (413/1332, 31.01 %). Sarajevo Canton had the highest incidence, number of cases and percentage (206.4; 868/1332; 65.17 %) of measles cases. Around four-fifths of infected persons were unvaccinated (1086/1332, 81.53 %), while 4.58 % of the patients (61/1332) were immunized with one dose of measles-containing vaccine. The highest proportion of cases was found in children 0-6 years of age (738/1332, 55.41 %). Measles IgM positivity was determined in 75.88 % (346/456), while virus RNA was detected in 82.46 % (47/57) of the swab samples. All measles virus sequences belonged to genotype B3. SNP (position 216: C=>T) was detected in 1 of the 40 sequences obtained during this outbreak.Conclusion. Due to suboptimal immunization coverage, BiH belongs to countries at a high risk for measles outbreaks. Post-COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic, targeted and tailored strategies are required to ensure routine vaccination demand and acceptance and broad partner and stakeholder group participation.