Milk and dairy products are nutritionally rich foods, providing energy and high-quality proteins along with a number of essential micronutrients. In this way, the dairy sector supports the existence of people in food chains around the world. Human activities affect the Earth's climate because they cause the release of huge amounts of greenhouse gases, which are retained in the Earth's atmosphere along with the gases that are naturally present in it. Food and drink are considered to be responsible for 20 to 30% of the impact on the environment, in which meat and dairy products are the most important. Research and methodologies are mostly focused on the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG), but numerous other impacts on the environment must also be taken into account, such as impacts on land and water through various types of pollution. In addition, the consumption of scarce water reserves and energy resources is also taken into account. Therefore, a sustainable approach to food and beverage production has no alternative. The dairy sector faces challenges to which it responds with numerous organized and synchronized actions and projects in order to successfully restructure and fit into the overall human activities to reduce pollution. Sustainability itself has 3 dimensions, ecological, economic and social. The aim of this paper is to present the current situation of sustainability in the dairy sector in the world and numerous activities undertaken by various actors in the dairy sector, from farm entities and dairy companies to various associations and umbrella organizations such as the International Dairy Federation, the European Dairy Association as well as non-specific dairy-strictly unrelated bodies. All activities are carried out in coordination and under the auspices of the United Nations and its organizations, primarily the Food and Agriculture Organization.

U radu se upoređuju tri metode za estimaciju i kompenzaciju poremećaja u diskretnim sistemima sa kliznim režimom (KR). Prva metoda koristi Luenbergerov opserver poremećaja, druga - nominalni model upravljanog objekta, a treća - integral signala klizne funkcije. Cilj rada je da pokaže ekvivalentnost navedenih metoda u primeni na diskretne sisteme upravljanja sa KR u nominalnim uslovima na jednostavnom sistemu upravljanja objektom prvog reda tipa čistog integratora. Poseban doprinos rada je modifikovani estimator poremećaja koji kombinuje Luenbergerov estimator sa estimatorom na osnovu integrala klizne funkcije. Teorijski rezultati su ilustrovani simulacionim eksperimentima.

Background: The clinical manifestations of cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) depend on the localization of the damaged region in the brain. Cognitive functions are often impaired following a stroke. Initially, CVD was referred to as atherosclerotic dementia, and was distinguished from senile dementia. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine how stroke severity and localization influence the development of vascular dementia (VD) and to identify which cognitive functions are impaired in certain types of VD. Methods: This prospective study included patients with acute stroke who were hospitalized at the Department of Neurology Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, over a one-year period. Patients were divided into the following groups: dementia of strategic infarct (DSI), cortical dementia (CD), subcortical dementia (SCD), haemorrhagic dementia (HD) and non-demented patient (NDP). Stroke localization, side and number of lesions were analyzed. Results: A total of 274 stroke patients were analyzed, of whom 190 (69%) were diagnosed with some type of VD. The odds ratio (OR) for the occurrence of dementia per point increase in NIHSS on admission was 1.131 (95% CI; 1.056 – 1.210). CD was more common in patients with right hemisphere lesions (p<0.000), whereas SCD was more frequent in those with bihemispheric lesions (p<0.0001). All assessed cognitive functions were significantly associated with CD and SCD (p<0.000). Visual perceptual (p=0.007) and visual constructive (p=0.016) functions were significantly impaired in patients with DSI. Executive functions were significantly impaired in all demented patients (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Stroke localization has a significant impact on the development of vascular dementia. All analyzed cognitive functions are significantly impaired in cortical and subcortical dementia. Visual perceptual and visual constructive functions are particularly impaired in patients with dementia of strategic infarct.

Background: Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that affects language comprehension and production, typically occurring after brain damage. It is a frequent clinical manifestation of both benign and malignant brain tumors, particularly when lesions are localized in language-dominant areas. Objective: To assess the prevalence and characterize the types of aphasia in patients with intracranial tumors, emphasizing its clinical significance and the importance of early speech-language evaluation. Methods: This prospective study included patients with confirmed brain tumors diagnosed through neuroimaging (CT or MRI of the neurocranium), who were hospitalized at the Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Clinical Center Tuzla, over a one-year period. Patients with pre-existing aphasia of any etiology, as well as those who had not acquired reading and writing skills, were excluded. All assessments were performed prior to surgical intervention using the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination. Results: Aphasia was diagnosed in 25 patients (27.5%). The most common type was anomic aphasia in 10 patients (40%), followed by Broca’s aphasia in 7 patients (28%), transcortical motor aphasia in 3 patients (12%), and transcortical sensory aphasia in 1 patient (4%). The highest number of patients with aphasia had tumors localized in the left temporal lobe, followed by the parietal and temporoparietal regions. Conclusion: Aphasia is a common clinical finding in patients with intracranial tumors, affecting more than one-quarter of the studied population. The distribution of aphasia types is consistent with the localization of lesions in language-dominant areas, particularly the left temporal lobe. Early recognition and detailed speech-language assessment are essential for timely intervention, rehabilitation planning, and optimizing functional outcomes.

The main aim of this study is to measure the indoor gamma and beta radiation dose rates in the areas of Banovici and Zivinice, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and their dependence on meteorological parameters (temperature, pressure, and air humidity). During the research, emphasis was placed on measuring doses in private residential buildings. Using the Gamma-Scout device, gamma and beta radiation dose rates were measured inside the residential buildings. Annual effective doses were estimated, as well as the excess lifetime cancer risk resulting from gamma and beta radiation. The average estimated annual effective dose of gamma radiation in the Banovici and Zivinice areas was 1.09 ? 0.20 mSv, and also for gamma + beta radiation, it was 1.14 ? 0.19 mSv. The excess lifetime cancer risk due to exposure to gamma radiation indoors was estimated to be (4.25 ? 0.77)?10-3, while this risk from exposure to gamma + beta radiation was estimated to be (4.47 ? 0.75)?10-3.

Industry 4.0 represents a new chapter in the development of manufacturing systems, where digitalization, automation, and the application of advanced technologies become key drivers of competitiveness. The textile industry, traditionally characterized by manual processes, is undergoing a profound transformation through the integration of next-generation robotics. This paper analyzes the significance and impact of robotic implementation within the Industry 4.0 framework on process efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability in textile production. Special attention is given to the application of collaborative and autonomous robots, which enable smart work organization, optimized transport and storage, and adaptive production flow management. The study highlights both the benefits brought by the adoption of advanced robotic systems and the challenges encountered during their implementation, such as the need for digital competencies among the workforce and high investment costs. Through the analysis of current trends and examples of good practice, the paper points to key development directions aimed at enhancing innovation, sustainability, and global competitiveness of the textile sector. The conclusion emphasizes the necessity of a strategic approach and continuous investment in new technologies to ensure a successful transition toward the smart factory of the future.

This paper presents a procedure for probabilistic analysis of joint load carrying capacity as a randomly variable quantity on the example of a cylindrical press fit joint of a bronze ring with teeth and a worm gear hub. By fitting the set of results obtained by a series of FEM simulations for characteristic values of input parameters (interference and material characteristics), the coefficients of a second-order multidimensional polynomial as a "response surface" for the output quantity - joint load carrying capacity were determined. By MC simulation, generating random parameters according to the known laws of statistical distributions and evaluating the previously obtained higher-order polynomial, a statistical set was obtained, the processing of which determines the distribution parameters of the randomly variable output quantity. The described procedure is applicable to a wide class of probabilistic design problems that are analyzed using FEM analysis.