Marinacci anastomosis, also known as Ulnar-Median anastomosis, is an anastomosis in which the branch anastomotic originates proximally in the ulnar nerve and unites distally with the median nerve. A purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and  the characteristics of Marinacci anastomosis in the Bosnian population. The 60 anterior forearms of fresh frozen adult cadavers were dissected in the Department of Pathology,  University Clinical Centre Tuzla and the morgue of Tuzla during a time period of two years. The Marinacci anastomosis was evidenced in one male forearm in the right side behind the ulnar artery, following an transversal course of 5.2 cm until its connection with the median nerve in only one branch. The incidence of Marinacci anastomosis was 1.67%. Since this anastomosis can expalin some cases where injuries in the forearm nerves are not reflected in the hand muscles, it is important to study. Our study contributes to a limited research on the Marinacci anastomosis, a condition that is rarely found and reported in anatomical research.

Evaluation in women's basketball is keeping up with developments in evaluation in men’s basketball, and although the number of studies in women's basketball has seen a positive trend in the past decade, it is still at a low level. This paper observed 38 games and sixteen variables of standard efficiency during the FIBA EuroBasket Women 2019. Two regression models were obtained, a set of relative percentage and relative rating variables, which are used in the NBA league, where the dependent variable was the number of points scored. The obtained results show that in the first model, the difference between winning and losing teams was made by three variables: true shooting percentage, turnover percentage of inefficiency and efficiency percentage of defensive rebounds, which explain 97.3%, while for the second model, the distinguishing variables was offensive efficiency, explaining for 96.1% of the observed phenomenon. There is a continuity of the obtained results with the previous championship, played in 2017. Of all the technical elements of basketball, it is still the shots made, assists and defensive rebounds that have the most significant impact on the final score in European women’s basketball. It can be noted that, unlike with the previous championship, inside play is no longer dominant, but there is a balance between inside and outside play, which has already been established as a developing trend in men’s basketball. The emergence of the offensive efficiency variable indicates that it is becoming significant in top-tier competitions as well but is still a challenge for coaches to grasp the causes of this multicomplex issue based on this indicator.

Background: Reasons for unmet health needs vary from individual to contextual determinants but are defined as the difference between needed health service and services actually received. Roma experience elevated health issues and challenging social conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the unmet health needs and potential risk factors among Roma women living in the two biggest Roma communities in the Republic of Srpska. Method: We conducted a health assessment of 183 adult Roma women in the Republic of Srpska. Unmet health needs were observed as the absence of needed medical supervision, despite having chronic conditions. We used logistic regression to assess the degree to which unmet health needs were related to the social determinants and the health status of Roma women. Results: The majority of Roma women were married or were in an unofficial relationship (55.2%), were without schooling (62.8%), and were unemployed (88.5%). The results showed that 94.0% had health insurance, had a health card, and were registered with a family medicine doctor. Sixty percent reported having a chronic disease; however, 68.2% reported that their chronic disease was not medically supervised. Roma women that had less education, those who were unemployed, and those who were divorced or widowed women were more likely to have unmet health needs. Conclusion: Roma women in Bijeljina and Prijedor have unmet health needs due to the circumstances they live in despite the fact that majority of them have health insurance and universal health access is legally guaranteed.

Aim: A large number of medications are prescribed in pediatric clinics and this leads to the development of drug–drug interactions (DDI) that may complicate the course of the disease. The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of potential drug–drug interactions, to categorize main drug classes involved in severe drug–drug interactions and to highlight clinically relevant DDIs in a pediatric population. Material and Methods: A total of 1500 prescriptions during the 12-month study period were retrospectively reviewed; 510 prescriptions that comprised two or more drugs were included in study. The presence of potential drug–drug interactions was identified by using the Lexi-Interact database and categorized according to severity A (unknown), B (minor), C (moderate), D (major), and X (contraindicated). Results: There were 1498 drugs in 510 prescriptions; 253 of these (49.6%) included 2 drugs, 228 (44.7%) included 3–4 drugs, and 29 (5.6%) included ≥5 drugs. A total of 634 (42%) potential drug–drug interactions were idenfied. Among those, 271 (42.7%) were categorized as A, 284 (44.8%) as B, 53 (8.4%) as C, and 26 (4.1%) as D. There was no potential risk for X interaction. Anti-infectives (36%) were the most commonly prescribed drug classes involved in C and/or D categories. Clarithromycin was the most commonly interacting agent that interfered with budesonide. Conclusion: It is noteworthy that a significant number of drugs causing potential drug–drug interactions are prescribed together in pediatric clinics. Increasing the awareness of physicians on this issue will prevent potential complications and ensure patient safety.

<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Rapid growth of urban population and consequential increasing traffic, construction of buildings, roads, industrial areas, affects urban soils as well as urban environment in general. Urban soils differ from the natural soils by their disturbed structure resulting from waste disposal, construction sites, pollution from atmospheric deposition, traffic and industrial activities. Mismanagement of urban environment can cause severe contamination of green areas in cities, with serious health risk for urban population. To prevail those issues and improve the sustainability of urban green areas, innovative and nature based solutions (NBS) should gain more attention, particularly those easily applied such as tree-based phytoremediation. Unlike traditional remediation techniques that are expensive, very demanding and can cause secondary pollution, tree-based phytoremediation is NBS with wide spectrum of application. It is low-cost technique, based on urban green infrastructure (parks, alleys, community gardens) and has numerous benefits reflected throught sustainable management of urban soils and improvement of general environmental, health, social and economic conditions for urban population. Primarly, urban green infrastructure consist of different tree species capable to mitigate soil contamination, especially contamination with toxic heavy metals (HMs). Regeneration of urban ecosystems based on the role of tree species is connected to ability of trees to retain, uptake and decompose pollutants (including HMs) from contaminated urban soils, enabling their re-use process and turning them into green and environmental friendly areas. Taking into account advantages of phytoremediation technique, the aim of this paper is to present concentration of some HMs (cadmium, lead and zinc) in urban soils of cities accross Bosnia and Herzegovina and look into phytoremediation potential of common urban tree species: horse chestnut (<em>Aesculus</em> <em>hippocastanum</em> L.) and planetree (<em>Platanus</em> &#215; <em>acerifolia</em> (Aiton) Willd.). Results showed high phytoremediation potential of above mentioned tree species, which opens space for further research and introduction of this NBS for remediation of many severely polluted urban soils, drawing attention to better-understood urban sustainability and importance of application of phytoremediation as NBS on local level.</p><p><strong>Key words</strong>: nature-based solutions, phytoremediation, urban soil, trees, heavy metals</p>

Motivation As multi-region, time-series, and single cell sequencing data become more widely available, it is becoming clear that certain tumors share evolutionary characteristics with others. In the last few years, several computational methods have been developed with the goal of inferring the subclonal composition and evolutionary history of tumors from tumor biopsy sequencing data. However, the phylogenetic trees that they report differ significantly between tumors (even those with similar characteristics). Results In this paper, we present a novel combinatorial optimization method, CONETT, for detection of recurrent tumor evolution trajectories. Our method constructs a consensus tree of conserved evolutionary trajectories based on the information about temporal order of alteration events in a set of tumors. We apply our method to previously published datasets of 100 clear-cell renal cell carcinoma and 99 non-small-cell lung cancer patients and identify both conserved trajectories that were reported in the original studies, as well as new trajectories. Availability CONETT is implemented in C++ and available at https://github.com/ehodzic/CONETT.

<p>The ionosphere is the dominant source of the errors in the Global Navigation Satellite Systems &#160;(GNSS), which causes delays and degradation of the GNSS signal. These errors have an impact on many terrestrial and space applications that rely on GNSS. The key parameter for the study of the ionosphere is the Total Electron Content (TEC). In an effort to eliminate the impact of delayed GNSS signal caused by the ionospheric refraction on the accuracy of GNSS positioning and navigation, the researchers made significant advances and began other ionospheric research. This paper studies the variability of GNSS derived TEC values in the International quiet and disturbed days, but also in periods when three tropical-like cyclones in the Mediterranean developed. However, the term tropical-like cyclone distinguishes tropical cyclones developing outside the tropics (like in the Mediterranean Basin) from those developing inside the tropics. Mediterranean tropical cyclones, known as a Medicane, show no difference to other tropical cyclones and can be developed into a hurricane.</p><p>Hence, the variability of GNSS derived TEC values time series were analyzed during periods when three Medicanes happened in the fall of 2014, 2016, 2017. Data from eight GNSS stations of the European Permanent Network (EPN) were used and TEC calculations were performed using the VShell program. The results demonstrated that the TEC variability is reflected in daily variations within one month, for three different years of consideration. When the state of the ionosphere was disturbed by external influences, such as the space weather storms, the results demonstrated extreme changes in the number of electrons in the ionosphere. Variations of the TEC and parameter VTEC*sigma were analyzed in the weeks before and after three subtropical cyclones in the Mediterranean Sea, recorded in November 2014, November 2016 and November 2017. Special attention was given to the time series analysis of the variable VTEC*sigma for the GNSS stations located nearby the area where the Medicane developed and stations in regions away from the storm.</p><p>The results demonstrated higher VTEC values derived from GNSS stations in the area of the storm on the storm days, as well as the days before and after. Also, the results for the storm in November 2014 showed higher VTEC values compared to the other two tropical-like cyclones. The recorded events of space weather are in correlation with the days when three analyzed Medicanes developed. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish whether the TEC variability was caused by the space weather storm or the Medicane.</p>

<p>Heat extremes are among the most pertinent extreme weather hazards. At the same time, adaptation to the impacts of extreme heat can be very effective. The ability of societies to effectively adapt to climate change hazards such as extreme heat, however, critically depends on their level of socio-economic development. Examining the risks posed by future heat extremes to human societies requires to link socio-economic development trajectories with emerging heat extremes. Such an integrated assessment can also provide insights into whether or not it is indeed plausible for societies to &#8220;outgrow&#8221; climate change by increasing adaptive capacity faster than climate impacts emerge - &#160;a narrative that underlies many policy decisions that prioritize economic development over climate action still today.</p><p>&#160;</p><p>Here we provide such an integrated assessment by combining a novel approach to project the continuous emergence of heat extremes over the 21^st century under different concentration pathways and the pace of socio-economic development under the shared socio-economic pathways accounting for continuous autonomous adaptation. We find that even under the most optimistic scenarios of future development, countries may not be able to outpace unmitigated climate change. Only Paris-Agreement compatible concentration pathways allow for human development to keep up with or even outpace the emerging climate change signal in vulnerable countries in the near future. A similar picture emerges when comparing heat day emergence with future evolution of governance as a proxy for adaptive capacity. Our findings underscore the critical importance of achieving the Paris Agreement goals to enable climate-resilient, sustainable development.</p>

<div> <div> <div> <p>The <em>global yield gap</em> is a concept to assess the difference between the actual yield and the maximum potential yield that could be achieved by applying optimal agricultural techniques such as irrigation. Climate change and socio-economic development, including population growth, call for addressing the yield gap to increase global production and to adapt to climate change as irrigation in many circumstances is a very effective adaptation measure. On the regional level, the irrigation yield gap can thus be interpreted as an indicator linked to adaptive capacity of the agricultural sector to climate change impacts. At the same time, effective deployment of irrigation is linked, among other things, to the socio-economic development including economic capabilities, but also institutional and water governance frameworks.</p> <p>Based on a detailed assessment of the irrigation yield gap, taking into account water availability constraints such as environmental flow requirements, we here establish as sustainable irrigation adaptation index for the agricultural sector. In a next step we link this sustainable irrigation index to socio-economic indicators provided by the framework of Socio- Economic Pathways (SSPs) on the national level. Doing so allows us to project the closure of the yield gap alongside the quantitative SSP narratives of socio-economic developments. We find that even under very optimistic scenarios of socio-economic development, it will take decades to close the irrigation yield gap in many developing countries, while without substantial development improvements our results suggest limited improvement in many tropical countries. Our projections present a first attempt to consistently link future irrigation expansion to socio-economic scenarios used in climate change research. We report a substantial scenario dependence of this expansion that underscores the need to incorporate socio-economic projections into projections of future agricultural impacts.</p> </div> </div> </div>

Planning is an essential topic in the realm of automated driving. Besides planning algorithms that are widely covered in the literature, planning requires different software tools for its development, validation, and operation. This paper presents a survey of such tools including map representations, communication, traffic rules, open-source planning stacks and middleware, simulation, and visualization tools as well as benchmarks. We start by defining the planning task and different supporting tools. Next, we provide a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art developments and analysis of relations among them. Afterwards, a systematic method to opt for superior tools with respect to specific planning tasks is proposed. Finally, we discuss the current gaps and suggest future research directions. The survey as well as methodology of selecting tools can speed up the pace of planning research for automated driving.

<p>Reducing eutrophication requires large financial investments that can be for example used to support catchment stakeholders in building agri-environment mitigation measures. These measures aim at reducing nutrient and sediment losses from agricultural land to recipient waters. In recent years, a large number of studies has looked into their effectiveness and generally show that some measures are successful and others fail to deliver expected improvements in water quality, which is increasingly difficult to communicate to stakeholders expecting immediate results. Particularly, transport mitigation measures that aim at intercepting stream or drainage flow, can have a varying effectiveness. Two measures of the same type and built in a seemingly similar way can have completely opposite impact on water quality, depending on the local catchment properties. In this paper we examine factors controlling effectiveness of mitigation measures looking at their hydrochemical positioning in the catchment in relation to pollution sources including nutrient legacy sources, their hydrochemical behaviour, design, management and stakeholders&#8217; engagement, using examples for transport mitigation measures: constructed wetlands, sedimentation ponds, two-stage ditches and drainage filters. We discuss also typical trade-offs in attainment of different ecosystem services which catchment stakeholders should consider prior to selecting and building the measures, including pollution swapping mechanisms e.g. reducing P-controlled eutrophication but increasing N-controlled eutrophication or reducing eutrophication vs. increasing greenhouse gas emissions. We show also how increasing weather variability and nutrient saturation can lead to further deterioration in water quality despite implementation of measures, making mitigation efforts ineffective under changing climate and in catchments with nutrient legacy sources.</p><p>&#160;</p>