On islands and in island communities, especially smaller and more isolated ones, epidemics were often of greater intensity and left more significant consequences than on the mainland. The unique characteristics of an island (size, remoteness, isolation, small population size, and several manageable access points) affect the transmission of mainland epidemics and their frequency. The current global COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to investigate how the infection and epidemiological measures affected the life and death of island communities. The pandemic has brought mass death into our daily lives and altered the way people grieve, commemorate and remember their deceased. This paper presents the experiences and feelings of people during the COVID-19 pandemic on Croatian islands, with a focus on death, funerals, mourning, and the loss of family members. Due to the impossibility of carrying out the usual practices related to the funeral because of COVID-19 restrictions, the process of mourning and dealing with the loss of loved ones was difficult. Island communities accepted the new rules and adapted to the new circumstances but indicated that island-specific and more flexible crisis management should be applied during this health crisis. Some epidemiological measures, such as social distancing, internal island travel restrictions, and reduced gatherings, were highlighted by islanders as challenging and sometimes unnecessarily strict for some islands and their specific situations. For family members of those who died from COVID-19, additional factors and challenges have complicated their loss. Digital and social media were used to connect people and helped in coping with mourning in solitude and isolation. In this global pandemic, island communities responded to the impact of pandemic crises and adapted to new circumstances of the “new normal”.

Summary Patients are selected for radical prostatectomy with a disease limited to the organ, satisfying general condition and enough long life expectancy. Postsurgical findings often point out more advanced disease or less differentiated cancer compared to findings upon which an indication for prostatectomy was made, what affects prognosis and points out need for adjuvant treatment. The study is aimed at establishing in what manner the clinical stage and grade of the disease correlate to the definitive histological finding. The investigation was done in 80 patients with histologically proven, clinically organ confirmed prostate cancer, and initial PSA values 2-10 ng/ml, which underwent retro-pubic prostatectomy. Pathohistological analysis of complete resection sample was performed in order to establish spread and differentiation of the tumor. Clinical and pathological stage of the disease, Gleason score and Gleason grade were compared. In 11 patients (14%) extra-prostatic invasion of the disease was found following examination of the obtained slides. After surgery, in a significant number of patients inclusion of both prostate lobes was established, so the number of clinical stage T2b was significantly higher than pT2b (40 compared to 18), and T2c was significantly lower than pT2c (3 compared to 22). The Gleason score was underestimated in 25 (31, 25%) while it was overrated in 2 (2.5%). In more than one-third of patients the bioptical Gleason score was lower than the definitive pathohistologic score of the prostate slide. There is a significant difference between the biopsy and definitive pathohistologic T stage of prostate cancer also in a sense of underestimation. The frequency of established extra-capsular invasion and lymphatic metastasis corresponds to the rates of predictive models (Partin tables). The study did not show extra-capsular invasion in cases of well-differentiated prostate cancer (Gleason score ≤ 6).

The linguistic knowledge of foreign language learners appears to be partly implicit and partly explicit. Learners rely on implicit knowledge when involved in spontaneous everyday com- munication, while explicit knowledge enables them to reflect on language structures and reco- gnise or use metalanguage. The present study investigated the explicit and implicit foreign language learners’ knowledge of English tenses in the Bosnian context at the end of the first educational cycle, i.e., primary school, by means of a metalinguistic test, an untimed gram- maticality judgement test and an elicited imitation test. The study aimed at exploring the var- iability in the quantity and quality of EFL learners’ knowledge and the relationship between different types of knowledge based on three factors, namely gender, average grade, and start- ing age. While revealing quite limited knowledge of the target structures, the findings showed no significant difference between explicit and implicit knowledge, while the correlation co- efficients between them were relatively high. Out of the three factors, a three-way ANOVA showed that only average grade proved to have a significant main effect on EFL knowledge. The interaction effect of gender and grade was significant on the participants’ overall EFL knowledge and their explicit knowledge, whereas a significant interaction effect of all three factors was confirmed only on explicit knowledge.

The effects of the aerobic endurance running program on the morphological characteristics of adolescent girls with different nutritional SUMMARY: This study aimed to explore the effects of a single moderate-intensity aerobic endurance running program on the morphological characteristics of normal-weighted and overweighted female adolescents and whether effects differ between individuals of different nutritional statuses. A total of 47 adolescent girls participated in this randomized controlled trial. Before and after 12 weeks of intervention, measurements were obtained for body height, body mass, BMI, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, thigh, and calf skinfolds, and chest, abdominal, thigh, and calf circumference. The total duration of the program was 12 weeks, with a frequency of 2 hours/week (24 sessions). The individual session lasted 60 minutes, and the intensity ranged from 60 % HRmax to 80 %. The findings from the present study suggest that the 12-week aerobic endurance running program induced changes in morphological characteristics of female adolescents. The significant reductions in body mass and BMI were small for normal-weight adolescents (-2,64 % and -3,48 %) and moderate for overweight adolescents (-4,14 % and -4,36 %) following the experimental program. The magnitude of reductions in the skinfold thickness was small for both groups (triceps, subscapular, abdominal, and calf) and moderate for thigh skinfold and a sum of skinfolds in the overweight group. The reductions in the magnitude of all circular measures were small for both groups. It ranged from -1.59 % to -2.59 % for normal-weight and from -2.54 % to -3.92 % for overweight adolescents, respectively. Additionally, the effects of the applied program seem more favorable to overweight than normal-weight adolescents. This study's current findings indicate that the 12-week aerobic endurance running program is effective due to improvements in morphological characteristics, body mass, and BMI of female adolescents. Additionally, this study's findings show that applied aerobic endurance running program proved more effective for overweight adolescents.

Andrić's doctoral dissertation, titled "Development of spiritual life in Bosnia under the influence of Turkish rule," has so far initiated many discussions, mostly criticism of the methodology used by Andrić in this dissertation, but also many criticisms related to challenging the scientific character of the dissertation itself. In this paper, the author focuses on a completely different segment of Andrić's dissertation, which previous analyses and critiques of Andrić's dissertation have not covered. The problem of corruption in the Ottoman Empire shall be the subject of the analysis, and certainly the problem of corruption in Bosnia as part of the Ottoman Empire. The paper analyses the scientific basis of Andrić's claims in the dissertation on the ubiquity of corruption in the Ottoman Empire, and the possible impact of the corruption of Ottoman institutions on the development of institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author explains the importance of Andrić's dissertation for a better understanding of the problem of corruption in the functioning of the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the theory of historical institutionalism.

The aim of this research is to develop a functional food and halal Omega 3 eggs by dietary manipulation of laying hens as well as to investigate the influence of nutrient composition on egg yolk content of PUFAs. The research was conducted on the farm Pećigrad, Velika Kladuša, which has 21,162 laying hens, with an egg production rate of 70%. Laying hens were fed with halal and NON GMO feed mixtures from three suppliers. Omega 3 eggs contained 318 mg of Omega 3 PUFAs, which is 6 times more than the standard eggs. The n-6:n-3 PUFAs ratio was 18.4:1.9=9.9 in egg yolks of laying hens fed with standard feed mixture, while in egg yolks produced by laying hens fed with feed mixture enriched with flaxseed this ratio was 17.8:5.3=3.4. Consumption of eggs with the latter n-6:n-3 ratio can prevent cardiovascular diseases and provides the intake of RDA of Omega 3 FAs. Traceability and established HrCCP in the chain of suppliers, in processes of primary and industrial production, application of good practices, sustainable development resulted in halal products with additional functional properties.

Hospital pharmacy is a specialized field within pharmacy and an integral part of healthcare provided to hospitalized patients in a healthcare institution, striving to maintain and continuously improve medication management and pharmaceutical care for patients in line with the highest standards in a hospital environment. Purpose of the study was to monitor pharmaceutical healthcare quality indicators for in-hospital pharmacies, to explain the concept of quality and provide recommendations for the provision of pharmaceutical healthcare in secondary and tertiary healthcare institutions through pharmaceutical healthcare quality indicators. We used the case study method as an in-depth, intense and precisely focused method of descriptive research to present our three-case series. To analyse case studies, we selected hospital pharmacies in three healthcare institutions, the Clinical-Hospital Center (CHC) Zvezdara, University Clinical Center (UCC) Kragujevac and Special Hospital for Addiction Diseases (SHAD). Reference framework was established according to pharmaceutical healthcare quality indicators taken from a pilot project on quality indicators in hospital pharmacies entitled "Indicators of quality and patient safety in pharmaceutical healthcare - hospital pharmacy" from 2012. Data was collected from questionnaires that were filled in directly by pharmacists from pharmacy databases and records from regular everyday work activities. For the purposes of achieving second and third objectives of this study, we performed a literature search for the quality of pharmaceutical healthcare and quality indicators. Comparison of the calculated indicators from the 3 health care institutions presented in our case series provided insight into indicators that are monitored in all three healthcare institutions (6 indicators) as well as in the distribution of indicators by institutions encompassed by our research. Comparative analysis of the calculated indicators by healthcare institutions indicates that I1 is monitoring 12 indicators, I2 9 indicators and I3 8 indicators. Only 1 indicator from the pilot project is being monitored in line with the new "Rule-book on healthcare quality indicators and on the evaluation of the quality of professional work" in the observed institutions (adverse reactions to the medicines/medical devices). The same Rule-book imposes monitoring of another 4 indicators, pointing to improvement of the healthcare system and modernization of pharmaceutical healthcare. It can hence be concluded that the implementation of new indicators requires recommendations and that further research is necessary to determine how to assess pharmaceutical healthcare efficiency and quality that are to be improved through indicators introduced in the pharmaceutical healthcare practice.

This chapter is divided into four sections. The first section introduces the concept of person-centred care within pharmaceutical care delivery and provides a historical context. The second section focuses on the professionals and explores the role of person-centred pharmaceutical care as part of multi-disciplinary health services delivery teams. The third section focuses on the patient and describes the role of health literacy in the implementation of person-centred pharmaceutical care. The last section examines E-pharmacy services and the implementation of telepharmacy with implications for person-centred care.

The number of software - mobile applications intended for use in the field of people's health and well-being is constantly increasing. The aim of this review is to compare regulations on software - mobile applications as medical devices in the United States of America (USA), European Union (EU) and Serbia, with reference on the efforts for international harmonization of the regulations. The goal is to increase awareness of the broader healthcare professionals' (HCPs) audience about this topic. Publicly available information from official regulatory bodies websites was analyzed and synthesized for two regions and one country of interest. The results show differences in regulatory approaches in this area between two biggest medical device markets - the USA and the EU, while regulations in Serbia are being harmonized with the EU. Regulations clearly define criteria that software - mobile application needs to meet to be assessed as a medical device; on the other hand, they leave a number of applications that provide health-related services out of the regulated scope. Based on the increased awareness of regulations, recommendations for future research can be directed towards greater involvement of HCPs in patient counseling and decision making regarding the selection of mobile applications, to prevent the use of inadequate mobile applications and ensure that their patients are correctly using the right applications with positive effects on health and well-being.