Currently, the world is facing major changes. Research and development of innovations in new technologies, the rapid pace of implementation of these innovations and especially digitization and automation, play a major role in shaping the future world. Technological innovations promise the transformation of the world we live in all its dimensions. However, in order for the benefits of innovation to be adequately exploited, it is necessary for us as a society to adapt to the coming changes. We must also keep in mind that these changes come at a time previously marked by uncertainty, turbulent changes and hyper competitiveness. The development and implementation of new technologies in business is motivated by a number of technical and economic reasons: improving the quality of finished products (machining, etc.), increasing productivity and reducing the share of work (assembly process), increasing the degree of homogeneity of product quality in all production processes related to the application of robotic technology, increasing the level of safety, reducing labor engagement in routine and reproducible processes, minimizing total production costs and maintenance costs of the device in the production process, all with the purpose of adequate responses to competition challenges and increasingly stringent customer requirements. Although the concept of Industry 4.0 is already widely used in developed countries, it is a relatively new concept in the Western Balkans, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. Most company managers understand the benefits of "smart" production and are familiar with new trends in the industry, intend to gradually introduce smart solutions, methods and technologies, and only a small number of companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina currently implement the concept of Industry 4.0. The paper presents the results of research on the application of Industry 4.0 technologies in all branches of the economy in Bosnia and Herzegovina and especially the representation of Industry 4.0 in small, medium and large enterprises. Detection of awareness of certain groups about the concepts of Industry 4.0 was performed, and the research method itself is based on an online survey.

Backround : Surgical site infection (SSI) is defined as an infection occurring within 30 days after a surgical operation and affecting either incision or deep tissues at the operation site. The aim of this study was to examine the incidence, identify bacterial agents and determine their antibiotics sensitivity of SSI following cesarean section (CS). Methods : This retrospective cohort study included women who undervent Misgav-Ladach method CS after which a SSI developed during the period from 01 January 2019 to 31 December 2019 at the Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Clinical Center Tuzla. Results : During the observed period we recorded 3345 deliveries, out of which 946 (28.3%) were by cesarean section, and out of which 50 (5.28%) was with SSI. The most commonly isolated bacteria from SSI were: Escherichia coli ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Klebsiella pneumoniae . Fluoroquinolnes had the highest antibacterial activity against gram-positive pathogenes isolated. Staphylococcus aureus isolates is highly resistant to penicilline (100%). Conclusions : The prevalence of SSI following cesarean section was high and Enterococccus faecalis and Escherichia coli was the commonest pathogens isolated.

It is a well-known fact that the changes on the world industrial and digital scene were named the fourth industrial revolution at the WEF –World Economic Forum (held in Davos in 2016). Almost all developed countries in the world have designed their own programs to implement the fourth industrial revolution. Thus, the German government promotes Industry 4.0 (first appeared at the Hannover Fair in Germany), USA promotes Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition (SMLC), the Japanese government established the Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution Japan in 2018, while the Chinese government adopted the strategy ‘’Made in China 2025’’.It is necessary to make a detailed assessment of the fourth industrial revolution in order to raise awareness of its breadth of influence, and increase its application. The current competitiveness that is present in the world is the reason for the rapid implementation of Industry 4.0 in almost all companies in the world. Robotic technology is the core technology of Industry 4.0, and its application accelerates its application. The number of installed units of robots, both industrial and service robots, is increasing every year in the world. The paper presents the analysis of the implementation of both industrial and service robots worldwide, including the trend of implementation of Industry 4.0. The paper provides an analysis of the implementation of robots in the countries that installed the most robots in 2019, as well as the number of robots per 10,000 workers in the manufacturing industry in the same year, based on which we have an insight in the automation process of each country.In the future, the implementation of robotic technology in the industry will increase in order to achieve greater representation of Industry 4.0, making it easier to come up with "smart manufacturing processes" or "smart factories"

Cilj ovog preglednog rada je procijeniti mogućnosti primjenepojmova industrije 4.0 uključujući optimizaciju velikih podataka, integraciju senzora, umjetne inteligencije, Internet stvari (IoT) što dovodi do najnižih mogućih troškova i najvećeg mogućeg učinka putem pametne kontrole procesa, održive proizvodnje i praćenja. Senzori su vitalne komponente industrije 4.0 i različite vrste detektora i senzora se koriste u industriji pakiranja hrane za prenošenje informacija o kvaliteti hrane i povećanje sigurnosti hrane. Ovdje će se diskutirati o vremensko-temperaturnim indikatorima, vizualnim (u boji) indikatorima, indikatorima O2 i CO2, indikatorima svježine, pH indikatorima, indikatorima otrova i indikatoru radio frekvencije koji automatski otkriva i prati proizvod. Na temelju korištenja kreditne kartice moguće je otkriti ponašanje kupaca i potrošača. Virtualne trgovine popularne su za uredske radnike. Korištenjem umjetne inteligencije moguće je izraditi robotsku kuhinju koja može kuhati prema željama korisnika, a za rezanje hrane u određenim oblicima koristi se tehnologija 3-D printanja.

The aim of this review was to evaluate possibilities of implementing concepts of Industry 4.0 including big data optimization, integration of sensors, artificial intelligence, and Internet of things (IoT), leading to the lowest possible costs and the highest possible output through smart control of the process, sustainable production, and monitoring. Sensors are vital components of Industry 4.0 and different types of detectors and sensors are used in the food packaging industry to convey information about food quality and to increase food safety. The paper will discuss time-temperature indicators, visual (color) indicators, O2 and CO2 indicators, freshness indicators, pH indicators, poison indicators and a radio frequency indicator that automatically detect and track the product. Based on credit card use it is possible to reveal the behavior of the customers and consumers. Virtual shops are popular for office workers. By using artificial intelligence, it is possible to create a robotic kitchen, which can cook according to the wishes of users, while 3-D printing technologyis used to cut food in certain shapes.

Important quality indicators for products made by Additive Manufacturing (AM) methods include dimensional accuracy, tolerances, and surface roughness. This paper describes a novel benchmark part designed and manufactured by a Low Force Stereolithography (LFS) 3D printer and controlled on a coordinate measuring machine. The benchmark part contains basic geometric shapes used to check the deviation from the nominal dimensions and given features from the 3D CAD model. We have developed an automatic measurement strategy based on a 3D object model and a control plan based on previously defined allowable tolerances. We have measured the deviation from nominal dimensions, positions, and form, including cylindricity, flatness and parallelism. The results revealed large deviations in dimensions and acceptable deviations in the shape of a manufactured benchmark part.

Važni pokazatelji kvaliteta za proizvode proizvedene metodom aditivne proizvodnje (AP) uključuju tačnost dimenzija, tolerancije i hrapavost površine. Ovaj rad opisuje inovativni referentni standard koji je dizajniran i proizveden pomoću 3D printera koji koristi stereolitografiju niske snage (LFS) i koji je kontroliran na koordinatnoj mjernoj mašini. Referentni standard sadrži osnovne geometrijske oblike koji se koriste za provjeru odstupanja od nominalnih dimenzija i zadatih karakteristika iz 3D CAD modela. Razvili smo strategiju automatskog mjerenja baziranu na 3D modelu objekta i plan upravljanja na osnovu prethodno definisanih dozvoljenih tolerancija. Izmjerili smo odstupanje od nominalnih dimenzija, položaja i oblika, uključujući cilindričnost, ravnost i paralelnost. Rezultati su otkrili velika odstupanja od dimenzija i prihvatljiva odstupanja od oblika proizvedenog referentnog standarda.

Vještačka inteligencija (VI) je veoma disruptivna tehnologija, koja u kombinaciji sa snažnim hardverom za procesiranje otvara mogućnosti za opšti napredak u industriji. Postoji hitna potreba za sistemskim razvojem i implementacijom VI radi njenog učinka u industrijskim sistemima, posebno u četvrtoj industrijskoj revoluciji (Industrija 4.0). Tržišni subjekti koji ne usvoje VI neće biti u mogućnostiodržati svoju konkurentnost na tržištu. Ova publikacija pruža uvid u glavne paradigme VI korištene u Industriji 4.0, stavljajući naglasak na ključne digitalne tehnologije i njihove izazove. Pored toga, u ovoj publikaciji smo napravili pregled trenutnog stanja u VI, te pregled najvažnijih algoritama korištenih u Industriji 4.0. Pored navedenih tema, u ovoj publikaciji diskutujemo i o trendovima vezanim za usvajanje VI u kontekstu ugradbenih aplikacija i softverskih arhitektura uopšteno.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a very disruptive technology, which combined with powerful computational hardware have opened new possibilities for world-wide technological progress in industry. There is an urgent need for systematic development and implementation of AI to see its real impact in the next generation of industrial systems, namely Industry 4.0. Organisations that do not do so will fail to maintain their competitiveness. This paper provides an insight into the main paradigms of AI technologies used in Industry 4.0, by giving emphasis to the key enabling digitalization technologies and their challenges. In addition, we present an overview of AI current state and the most important AI algorithms used in Industry 4.0. Finally, we discuss trends related to adoption of AI in the context of software embedded applications and software architectures for embedded systems.

The objective of this paper is to summarize the impact of Industry 4.0 on the most representative methods and tools of Lean Six Sigma methodology. General information about the most important Lean Six Sigma methods is given so that the reader can easily understand possible scenarios when comparing the original Lean Six Sigma tools with new evolving ones. Main references to this paper were systematically analyzed and compared to Industry 4.0 principles. The assumptions about survival of Lean Six Sigma in Industry 4.0 are based on the rapid progress of Big Data and High-Performance Computing. Lean and Six Sigma will survive Industry 4.0. Lean should retain its universality with little modification or update requirements, but Six Sigma will need some adaptations. The Six Sigma will be relevant in some cases, but to survive the Big Data and smart plants, it will require some changes in its analysis, methods, and tools. The paper provides useful insight into the adaptation of Lean Six Sigma methods to Industry 4.0, by explaining possible scenarios under which the original Lean Six Sigma tools will evolve into adapted ones.

The aim of this paper is to elaborate in more detail, through a brief explanation of the basic elements, the essence of the functioning of blockchain technology, which is a prerequisite and basis for the emergence and functioning of smart contracts, as a modern alternative to using conventional contracts. The nature of the connection between these two concepts points out the differences between conventional and smart contracts, defines the advantages that smart contracts have over the conventional ones, and thus contributes to a more complete understanding of the concept of smart contracts. In this paper we will try to explain how to use the benefits of block chain technology in many other areas of human activity, such as creating and exchanging crypto currencies, exchanging securities, things, documents, real estate, gems or other goods, on the example of smart contracts. In general, these advantages relate to the elimination of the need for intermediaries (in this case, lawyers and notaries), the reduction of the possibility of fraud and increasing the level of security in performing various types of legal transactions as well as acquiring full confidence in the accuracy and correctness of various types of records due to inability to change once stored and from a large number of equal partners, verified transactions.

Cilj ovog rada je da putem kratkog objašnjenja osnovnih elemenata, odnosno suštine funkcionisanja blockchain tehnologije, koja predstavlja preduslov i osnovu za nastanak i funkcionisanje pametnih ugovora, kao moderne alternative korišćenju konvencionalnih ugovora, kojom se nastoji riješiti problem nepovjerenja i mogućnost prevare, detaljnije elaborira (obrazloži) prirodu veze između ta dva pojma, ukaže na razlike između konvencionalnih i pametnih ugovora, definiše prednosti koje pametni ugovori imaju u odnosu na konvencionalne, te na taj način doprinese što potpunijem shvaćanju pojma pametnih ugovora. U radu nastojimo objasniti kako prednosti koje pruža primjena blockchain tehnologije u mnogim drugim oblastima ljudskog djelovanja, kao što su kreiranje kriptovaluta i njihovu razmjenu, zatim razmjena hartija od vrijednosti, stvari, dokumenata, nekretnina, dragulja ili nekih drugih roba, iskoristiti na primjeru pametnih ugovora. Generalno, te prednosti se odnose na eliminisanje potrebe za posrednicima (u konkretnom slučaju se misli na advokate i notare, zatim na smanjenje mogućnosti prevare i povećanje stepena sigurnosti u obavljanju različitih vrsta pravnih transakcija, te na potpuno povjerenje u tačnost i ispravnost različitih vrsta evidencija zbog nemogućnosti promjene jednom pohranjenih i od velikog broja ravnopravnih partnera, verificiranih transakcija.

Poznato je da je WEF – World Economic Forum (koji je 2016.godine održan u Davosu) nazvao promjene koje se dešavaju na svjetskoj industrijskoj i digitalnoj sceni četvrta industrijska revolucija. Skoro sve razvijene zemlje u svijetu osmislile su svoje sopstvene programe za implementaciju četvrte industrijske revolucije, pa tako njemačka vlada promovira pod nazivom Industriju 4.0 (koja se prvi put pojavljuje na sajmu u Hanoveru, Njemačka), USA promovira pod naslovom Smart Manufacturing Leadership Coalition (SMLC). Japanska vlada 2018. godine je formirala Centar za četvrtu industrijsku revoluciju Japan, dok kineska vlada usvaja strategiju „Made in Kina 2025“. Neophodno je napraviti detaljnu procjenu četvrte industrijske revolucije kako bi se podigla svijest o širini njenog uticaja i povećala njena primjena. Trenutna konkurentnost koja je prisutna u svijetu razlog je za brzu implementaciju Industrije 4.0 u gotovo sve kompanije u svijetu. Robotska tehnologija je osnovna tehnologija Industrije 4.0, a njena primjena ubrzava primjenu Industrije 4.0. Broj instaliranih jedinica robota, kako industrijskih tako i servisnih, u svijetu se svake godine povećava. Robotska tehnologija je temeljna tehnologija Industry 4.0, jer bez njene implementacije nema implementacije Industry 4.0. Poznato je da je danas u proizvodnim procesima instaliran veliki broj kako industrijskih tako i servisnih robota u svim industrijskim granama, a posebno u automobilskoj, elektro/elektroničkoj i metaloprerađivačkoj industriji. U radu je data analiza implementacije robota u zemljama koje su instalirale najviše robota u 2019. godini, kao i gustina robota na 10.000 radnika u prerađivačkoj industriji u istoj godini, na osnovu kojeg imamo uvid automatizacije proizvodnih procesa u toj zemlji. U budućnosti će se povećati implementacija robotske tehnologije u industriji kako bi se postigla veća zastupljenost Industrije 4.0, što će olakšati dolazak do "pametnih proizvodnih procesa" ili "pametnih tvornica".

Chemotherapy resistance is one of the major challenges in cancer treatment, including leukemia. A massive array of research is evaluating combinations of drugs directed against different intracellular signaling molecules to overcome cancer resistance, increase therapy effectiveness, and decrease its adverse effects. Combining chemicals with proven safety profiles, such as drugs already used in therapy and active substances isolated from natural sources, could potentially have superior effects compared to monotherapies. In this study, we evaluated the effects of metformin and thymoquinone (TQ) as monotherapy and combinatorial treatments in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines sensitive and resistant to imatinib therapy. The effects were also evaluated in primary monocytic acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Both compounds induced a dose- and time-dependent decrease of viability and proliferation in tested cells. Metformin had similar IC50 values in imatinib-sensitive and imatinib-resistant cell lines. IC50 values of TQ were significantly higher in imatinib-resistant cells, but with a limited resistance index (2.4). Synergistic effects of combinatorial treatments were observed in all tested cell lines, as well as in primary cells. The strongest synergistic effects were observed in the inhibition of imatinib-resistant cell line proliferation. Metformin and TQ inhibited the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) signaling and induced apoptosis in tested cell lines and primary cells. The enhanced effects of combinatorial treatments on the induction of apoptosis were more dominant in imatinib-resistant compared to imatinib-sensitive CML cells. Primary cells were more sensitive to combinatorial treatments compared to cell lines. A combination of 1.25 mM metformin and 0.625 µM TQ increased the levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), decreased the levels of proliferation regulatory proteins, and inhibited protein kinase B (Akt) and NF-κB signaling in primary CLL cells. This study demonstrates that combinatorial treatments of imatinib-resistant malignant clones with metformin and TQ by complementary intracellular multi-targeting represents a promising approach in future studies.

The paper explores importance of rapid prototyping technology, as an important part of Industry 4.0, in product development and design process. Current state of this technology is explored in detail, with special focus of places and processes where this technology plays important role inside Industry 4.0. Paper answers several questionssuch as: does this technology have its future inside Industry 4.0, is this technology integral part of Industry 4.0 or just one aspect, has the time come to call this technology rapid manufacturing (of final products) instead of rapid prototyping (of prototypes)?Industry 4.0 implies rapid prototyping of final products, not only its prototypes. Main representative of rapid prototyping technology is additive manufacturing. Today, additive manufacturing technologies do not only serve for prototyping. They are becoming increasingly used for manufacturing of final fully functional products. Product development and design process inside Industry 4.0 must be adopted to new market demands which implies fast development and design and fast manufacturing. The time from initial concept design to the final product manufacturing must be as short as possible. The paper provides answers to the above stated questions. In addition, real examples of product development and design of prototypes and real fully functional products are presented, with a special focus on products and prototypes developed in Bosnia and Herzegovina.