Abstract Dentigerous cysts are rarely reported in young children. They are usually asymptomatic and only identified when becoming significantly large. Treatment by enucleation may damage structures like the inferior alveolar nerve, maxillary sinus, or permanent teeth, thus reducing the child's quality of life. Therefore, conservative surgical treatment such as decompression is indicated. This case report describes the treatment and subsequent complete regression of an inflammatory dentigerous cyst based on the decompression method using a customized surgical tube in a 10-year-old girl. The innervation was preserved, and permanent teeth erupted.

A feasible and cost-effective process for utilization of toluene and heavy reformate is the conversion of its streams by transalkylation reaction into highly valuable xylenes. The process is usually catalysed by zeolites and the challenges to overcome in transalkylation of heavy reformate with toluene over zeolites are their selectivity, activity, long-term stability, and coke formation. Current study aimed to investigate xylenes production by transalkylation reaction on the synthesized metal-doped zeolite catalysts and to characterize prepared catalysts by FTIR, SEM, EDS and BET analysis. Toluene/heavy reformate modelled mixture was utilized as a feed. For the first time Beta and ZSM-5 catalysts with 10% (w/w) cerium and 0.1% (w/w) palladium were synthesized by calcination and wet impregnation method. Catalytic tests were performed by continuous-flow gas/solid catalytic fixed bed reactor at atmospheric pressure, 2 h-1 and 5 h-1 and 250, 300, 350 and 400 °C. Experimental results revealed that the highest heavy reformate conversion (98.94%) and toluene conversion (9.82%) were obtained over H-ZSM-5, at 400 °C and 2 h-1 WHSV. The highest xylene selectivity (11.53) was achieved over H-ZSM-5, and the highest p-xylene percentage (62.40%), using Ce-ZSM-5 catalyst. ZSM-5 catalysts showed more resistance to coke deposition than Beta zeolites. The present study delivers novel approach and catalysts, which have immense potential for developing safer and inexpensive transalkylation process in industry.

Over the past decades, recognised importance of prompt and valid pain recognition and quantification in veterinary medicine significantly increased interest in investigating attitudes and self-rated abilities of veterinarians towards pain assessment. However, giving that the owners are the ones who decide when to call the veterinarian, it is also essential to investigate their attitudes and knowledge regarding pain recognition and management. This is the first research investigating horse owners’ attitudes and self-rated abilities towards pain assessment and management in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The participants were invited via email or social media with attached link to online questionnaire created using the Google Forms platform. Surveyed population included adult sport or pleasure horse owners, and horse caretakers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Study response rate was 33.33% (40 respondents). The questionnaire consisted of sections asking about respondents’ demographic data, general pain assessment and management, and attitudes towards pain assessment done by veterinarians compared with theirs. Study respondents considered their abilities for pain recognition and quantification as sufficient and sufficient/moderate, even though most of them were unfamiliar with pain scales, and only negligible number use them. This study indicates the need and importance of owners' education concerning pain recognition and quantification in horses, and their more effective communication with veterinarians.

Celiac disease is a chronic gastroenterological disease, and a lifelong gluten-free diet is a needed andnecessary therapy, which implies the exclusion of products containing gluten from the diet. The declaration ofgluten-free products is often unclear and ambiguous. The purpose of this paper was to examine celiac diseasepatients' attitudes and experiences with gluten-free diet declarations. 95 respondents from the area of HNŽ with adiagnosis of celiac disease were included in this quantitative research. The anonymous survey was conducted usingthe Google Forms tool. An anonymous survey examined sociodemographic data (age, gender, education, duration ofillness), experiences and attitudes with declarations about gluten-free diet. In this research, more than half of therespondents are extremely careful about what they consume, without exception. Participants who have beendiagnosed with celiac disease for a longer period of time completely disagree to a greater extent that they do notknow what products they can consume. Individuals with gluten sensitivity may rely more on the 'gluten-free' claimfor information about the gluten content of a product. Individuals with celiac disease, on the other hand, may bemore experienced readers of food labels and may rely more on the ingredient list. Consumer expectations havedriven the food industry to continuously adapt and improve the formulations and processing techniques used in theproduction of gluten-free products.

Cellular death, aging, and tissue damage trigger inflammation that leads to enzymatic and non-enzymatic lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids present on cellular membranes and lipoproteins. This results in the generation of highly reactive degradation products, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), that covalently modify free amino groups of proteins and lipids in their vicinity. These newly generated neoepitopes represent a unique set of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) associated with oxidative stress termed oxidation-specific epitopes (OSEs). OSEs are enriched on oxidized lipoproteins, microvesicles, and dying cells, and can trigger sterile inflammation. Therefore, prompt recognition and removal of OSEs is required to maintain the homeostatic balance. This is partially achieved by various humoral components of the innate immune system, such as natural IgM antibodies, pentraxins and complement components that not only bind OSEs but in some cases modulate their pro-inflammatory potential. Natural IgM antibodies are potent complement activators, and 30% of them recognize OSEs such as oxidized phosphocholine (OxPC-), 4-HNE-, and MDA-epitopes. Furthermore, OxPC-epitopes can bind the complement-activating pentraxin C-reactive protein, while MDA-epitopes are bound by C1q, C3a, complement factor H (CFH), and complement factor H-related proteins 1, 3, 5 (FHR-1, FHR-3, FHR-5). In addition, CFH and FHR-3 are recruited to 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP), and full-length CFH also possesses the ability to attenuate 4-HNE-induced oxidative stress. Consequently, alterations in the innate humoral defense against OSEs predispose to the development of diseases associated with oxidative stress, as shown for the prototypical OSE, MDA-epitopes. In this mini-review, we focus on the mechanisms of the accumulation of OSEs, the pathophysiological consequences, and the interactions between different OSEs and complement components. Additionally, we will discuss the clinical potential of genetic variants in OSE-recognizing complement proteins – the OSE complotype - in the risk estimation of diseases associated with oxidative stress.

Thermal transport properties of solid Bi-Cu alloys have been investigated over a wide composition range and temperature range ranging from 25 to 250 °C. The flash method was used to determine thermal diffusivity. Thermal diffusivity was discovered to decrease continuously with increasing temperature and bismuth content. The indirect Archimedean method was used to determine the density of the Bi-Cu alloys at 25 °C. The obtained results show that the density of the studied alloys decreases slightly as the copper content increases. Thermal conductivity of the alloys was calculated using measured diffusivity, density, and a calculated specific heat capacity. The thermal conductivity of the studied Bi-Cu alloys decreases with increasing temperature and bismuth content, similar to thermal diffusivity. SEM with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to examine the microstructure and melting behavior of Bi-Cu alloys, respectively. The eutectic temperature was measured to be 269.9±0.1 °C, and the measured phase transition temperatures and heat effects were compared to thermodynamic calculations using the CALPHAD method.

Duhan je biljna kultura koja se ističe brzinom i količinom apsorpcije teških metala iz tla, a naročito kadmija. Konzumiranjem duhana, teški metali se akumuliraju u organizmu ljudi, bez mogućnosti da se iz njega odstrane na bilo koji način, za razliku od nekih drugih biljnih kultura (npr. rajčica) kod kojih se ti metali mogu odstraniti iz organizma putem probavnog trakta. Autohtone hercegovačke sorte duhana (Ravnjak, VH i VH32) dugo su bile tretirane kao jedne od najkvalitetnijih, a za čiji rast i razvoj su potrebni specifični agroekološki uvjeti koji su karakteristični isključivo za Hercegovinu. U ovom istraživanju se prati translokacija Cd u sustavu tlo-duhan-dimni kondenzat kod duhana koji se danas uzgajaju na području BiH. Kako ovakvo ili slično istraživanje nije nikada prije rađeno na hercegovačkim duhanima, to su dobiveni rezultati uspoređivani s rezultatima dobivenim kod sorti Virdžinija i Berlej, koje su također bile predmetom istraživanja, a za koje postoje i literaturni podaci uzeti iz predhodnih svjetskih istraživanja. Uzorci tla i duhana uzeti su s 16 lokacija s područja cijele BiH, tj. sa svih lokaliteta na kojima se danas uzgaja duhan u BiH. Od najkvalitetnijih srednjih insercija, ručno su pravljene cigarete koje su kasnije popušene na pušačkom stroju. Na sadržaj Cd ispitivani su uzorci tla, duhana i dimnog kondenzata, a iz statističke analize dobivenih rezultata, može se zaključiti da postoji značajno kretanje kadmija iz tla preko biljke u dimni kondenzat.

The way agri-food companies conduct business has changed as a result of changes in the market. These companies must start working in a more environmentally friendly manner. This study aims to examine, assess, and compare how various fuzzy methodologies are applied in green supplier selection (GSS), using an agri-food industry as an example. The company Biljana Brko, which engages in GSS, was observed in this study. The selection aids in the acquisition of raw materials and materials whose environmental impact will be minimized. Ecological and economic factors were taken into consideration when choosing green suppliers. Experts who assessed the weight of the criteria and the suppliers with linguistic values were chosen to carry out this selection. In order to do this, a fuzzy set that effectively applies these linguistic values was employed. The fuzzy SWARA (FSWARA) approach was utilized to calculate the weights of the criteria, revealing that the criterion of Environmental Management System has the highest weight. Drawing on the opinions of experts, suppliers were ranked using the fuzzy MABAC, MARCOS, and CRADIS techniques. The results show that supplier S2 receives the highest ratings. Along with this provider, supplier S3 is noteworthy because it excelled in the sensitivity analysis across a variety of scenarios. In light of this, Biljana Brko should give preference to these suppliers. Further, the results of the three adopted techniques were compared. The comparison reveals that the ranking order produced by all three techniques is remarkably similar. This supplier order differed slightly from the FMABAC method just in one scenario. Hence, this work demonstrates that the three fuzzy techniques can solve the GSS problem and other problems by ranking alternatives.

The student population is one of the most sensitive populations today, whereby it is necessary to consider the relationship between health and physical activity in order to improve students’ quality of life. In addition to physical inactivity, health status is adversely affected by constant technological innovations and excessive socializing, consumption of alcohol, tobacco and narcotics. The aim of this study was to determine the differences between the communication approach and attitudes of first- and fourth-year students of the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education on the impact of sports on health and improvement of mental hygiene. Using a 60-item questionnaire, the study included 70 healthy respondents of both genders (Mean ± SD: 20.86±1.76 years). The respondents were divided into two subsamples, i.e. a group of first-year students (IG; n=34; F=15, M=19) and a group of fourth-year students (IVG; n=36; F=18, M=18). All obtained data are presented by descriptive parameters. The reliability of the survey in terms of internal compliance was tested by Cronbach's Alpha coefficient. The manifest space of attitudes was processed by the scaling technique. The Mann-Whitney U Test was used to determine differences in attitudes between first- and fourth-year students. For statistical significance of the differences in results between groups, the p<0.05 level of significance was used. The data were processed in the SPSS statistical package. The results of the study unequivocally confirmed the existence of a positive attitude among the student population about the impact of sports on health and improvement of mental hygiene, as well as that there are no statistically significant differences in most of the variables included in the testing (eight out of ten domains), i.e. that there is no great difference in the attitudes of first- and fourth-year students on the importance of sports for their psychophysical health.

Contouring, planning and dose calculation in treatment planning systems (TPS) are based on computedtomography (CT) images. Therefore, it is important to have developed, optimized and adapted scanning protocolsfor specific anatomic regions and special radiotherapy modalities such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The aimof this study was to determine influence of tube voltage, field of view size (FOV) and reconstruction kernels on CTnumbers and the resulting radiotherapy (RT) dose calculation.This study was performed at Clinic of Oncology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Verification electrondensity and CT number values was performed using CIRS Thorax 002LFC phantom, while anthropomorphic CIRS038 phantom for stereotactic end-to-end verification was used for the purpose of dose plan calculation analysis withlarge bore CT simulator Canon Aquillion LB.The significant correlation between the tube voltage and the measuredvalues of CT numbers is significant for all materials (p < 0.05), except for water (p = 0.310). No significantcorrelation between FOV and obtained values of CT numbers was found in any of the evaluated tissue equivalentmaterials. Evaluating the impact of reconstruction kernels on Hounsfield units (HU), significant deviations werefound for the FC62, FC68 and FC07 reconstruction kernels. Also, analyzing the influence of reconstruction kernelson the RT dose calculation, the extreme values are associated with Dmin/D in PTV for kernels FC41 and FC68, wheredeviations from the values obtained using the baseline scanning parameters were -1.3% and -1.9%. For deviation of1 HU in muscle tissue of CIRS 002LFC, the calculated Dmin/D in PTV of CIRS STEEV phantom will reduce by0.79%. Similarly, the reduction of D₉₈ and D₂ would be 6.8 cGy and 3.03 cGy for 1 HU, respectively. Change of thereconstruction kernels caused differences of 0.4% in Dmin/D calculation in clinical target volume (CTV).CT scanning and reconstruction parameters may affect Hounsfield units, which could have an impact on dosecalculations in RT plan. Hence, it is recommended to standardize the scanning protocol used in calibration curvegeneration for TPS. One should avoid use of different tube voltages and kernels, while according to this study, thechange of FOV will have no impact on dose calculations

Writing is an integral part of linguistic education of deaf persons which, due to the lack of auditorysensors, has an insurmountable difficulty achieving, so this shortcoming is directly reflected in the general literacyof deaf children. Many detailed studies in the world suggest that in order to become literate, a deaf child must learnthe language of the community. Je/she must first learn the letters and learn to write. About 50% of young deafpeople after high school read and write worse than a ten-year-old hearing child. The aim of this research is toexamine the usage, reading, writing, and comprehension in deaf children of the adverbial clause of place in writtenform and to determine the statistical significance of differences between deaf and hearing children. The study wasconducted on a sample of 140 respondents. The first subsample of subjects, the experimental group consisted of 70deaf students, and the second subsample, a control group of 70 hearing students, of the same chronological age. Themeasurement instrument “Test of writing, and comprehension of an adverbial clause of place” was applied. Thefrequencies and percentages of respondents' responses to the variables were calculated. The F (Fisher) test was usedto determine the statistical significance of the differences between deaf and hearing subjects. The results showed that1.40 % of deaf children are completely successful in reading and writing priloske odredbe, and thaat 90 % of deafchildren use prislocke odredbe partially successfully. The percentage of children that do not use priloske odredbe inany form in their written communication is 8.60%. The order of use of adverbial clause of place by frequency is asfollows: "in", "on", "below", "behind", "next to", and "between". The largest number of deaf children use theadverbial clause of place "in" in their written expression, 65.70% of them. Then, the adverbial clause of place "on"51.14%, the adverbial clause of place "below" 47.14%, the adverbial clause of place "behind" 31.43%, the adverbialclause of place "beside" 30%, and the adverbial clause of place "between" 22.85%.There is a statistically significant difference between deaf and hearing children in the use of the adverbial clause ofplace at the level of statistical significance of p=0.000.