Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a frequent neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattention, and impul- sivity. The issue of whether ADHD is a socially constructed disorder has received much attention. The goal of the present study was to examine the clinical prevalence of ADHD in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIH). An additional goal was to investigate the prevalence of school-aged children who fulfill the criteria for the condition but do not have a clinical diagnosis. For the first research goal, the sample consisted of five University Clinical Centers in BIH that provided data on the prevalence. For the second goal, the sample consisted of 1935 parents of children aged 6 to 15 years. Parents of 1935 school-aged children from the Federation BIH completed the questionnaire regarding ADHD symptoms. Children ranged in age from 6 to 15 years. The mean age of children was 10.2 years (SD- 2.1 years). There were 1061 girls and 874 boys in the sample. Five hospitals in the Federation BIH (4 University Clinical Centers and 1 Cantonal Hos- pital) were sent a questionnaire to provide us with information on how many school-aged children were diagnosed with ADHD and their basic demographic data. In addition, the Clinical Centers were asked to provide information on what treatment they provide to children with ADHD. The results of this study indicated that clinical diagnosis of ADHD is infrequent. The number of clinically confirmed cases of ADHD in the Federation BIH was 138 or less than 0.001%. On the other hand, accord ing to survey data, there is a prevalence rate of ADHD indicated like that observed in western countries. According to the parents’ reports, there were 97 children or 5% who fulfilled the criteria for ADHD diagnosis. In relation to gender distribution of ADHD, there were more boys (88 boys) than girls (50 girls) with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of ADHD and boys were 1.76 times more likely to have a ADHD diagnosis than were girls. On the other hand there were more girls than boys who had ADHD according to parents’ reports, but this difference, according to the Chi square test, was not statistically significant (ꭓ 2 = 0.14; p = ,70). The results of this study have clearly shown that ADHD is underdiag- nozed in Bosnia and Herzegovina. There is a huge discrepancy between the clinically diagnosed children and the parent-reported symptoms of ADHD. Given the burden that ADHD has on children and their families it should be of the utmost importance to provide timely diagnosis and proper treatment. One way to improve the current situation is through a better cooperation between school staff (psychologists, teachers), parents, and medical professionals.

In the paper, the possibility of combining deep neural network (DNN) model compression methods to achieve better compression results was considered. To compare the advantages and disadvantages of each method, all methods were applied to the ResNet18 model for pretraining to the NCT-CRC-HE-100K dataset while using CRC-VAL-HE-7K as the validation dataset. In the proposed method, quantization, pruning, weight clustering, QAT (quantization-aware training), preserve cluster QAT (hereinafter PCQAT), and distillation were performed for the compression of ResNet18. The final evaluation of the obtained models was carried out on a Raspberry Pi 4 device using the validation dataset. The greatest model compression result on the disk was achieved by applying the PCQAT method, whose application led to a reduction in size of the initial model by as much as 45 times, whereas the greatest model acceleration result was achieved via distillation on the MobileNetV2 model. All methods led to the compression of the initial size of the model, with a slight loss in the model accuracy or an increase in the model accuracy in the case of QAT and weight clustering. INT8 quantization and knowledge distillation also led to a significant decrease in the model execution time.

PurposeThis study investigates the relationships between the four dimensions of organizational justice (OJ) (distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational) and employees' intention to stay (ITS) in organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina while considering the mediating role of job satisfaction (JS).Design/methodology/approachThrough a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, 336 responses were collected from employees in private companies and non-governmental organizations. Structural equation modeling was performed to test the hypotheses.FindingsResults indicate support for the relationships between dimensions of OJ and ITS, except in the case of procedural justice (PJ). Similarly, JS is a full mediator in all relationships, except for PJ.Originality/valueThe study extends the literature by incorporating all four dimensions of OJ and testing them individually in relation to the ITS. Furthermore, the study deviates from a traditional approach of simple relationships by introducing the mediating role of JS. Finally, it contributes to the scarce literature in developing countries.

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T cells with innate-like capacity to rapidly respond to microbial infection via MR1-restricted antigen recognition. Emerging evidence indicate that they can also act as rapid sensors of viral infection via innate cytokine activation. However, their possible role in the immune response to mRNA vaccination is unknown. Here, we evaluated the involvement of MAIT cells in individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. MAIT cell levels, phenotype and function in circulation were preserved and unperturbed through day 35 post-vaccination in healthy donor (HD) vaccinees, as well as people living with HIV (PLWH) or with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Unexpectedly, pre-vaccination and post-vaccination levels of MAIT cells correlated positively with the magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific CD4 T cell and antibody responses in the HD vaccinees. This pattern was largely preserved in the PID group, but less so in the PLWH group. Furthermore, in the HD vaccinees levels of MAIT cell activation and cytolytic potential correlated negatively to the adaptive antigen-specific immune responses. These findings indicate an unexpected association between MAIT cell compartment characteristics and the immune response magnitude to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.

Mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T cells with innate-like capacity to rapidly respond to microbial infection via MR1-restricted antigen recognition. Emerging evidence indicate that they can also act as rapid sensors of viral infection via innate cytokine activation. However, their possible role in the immune response to mRNA vaccination is unknown. Here, we evaluated the involvement of MAIT cells in individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. MAIT cell levels, phenotype and function in circulation were preserved and unperturbed through day 35 post-vaccination in healthy donor (HD) vaccinees, as well as people living with HIV (PLWH) or with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Unexpectedly, pre-vaccination and post-vaccination levels of MAIT cells correlated positively with the magnitude of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific CD4 T cell and antibody responses in the HD vaccinees. This pattern was largely preserved in the PID group, but less so in the PLWH group. Furthermore, in the HD vaccinees levels of MAIT cell activation and cytolytic potential correlated negatively to the adaptive antigen-specific immune responses. These findings indicate an unexpected association between MAIT cell compartment characteristics and the immune response magnitude to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine.

Abstract Background Parental education is one of the best predictors of child school achievement. Higher parental education is not only associated with higher child intelligence, but children from highly educated parents also perform better in school due to other family related factors. This study evaluates the relation between parental education, child non-verbal intelligence and parenting practices with child school achievement. Methods Longitudinal data from a large population-based, multi-ethnic cohort of children in the Netherlands (63% Dutch origin) followed from birth to age 13 years (3547 children; 52.3% girls) were analyzed. School achievement was measured at the end of primary school (12 years of age) with a national Dutch academic test score. Parental education was assessed at age 3 years. The non-verbal intelligence of the child was measured at age 6 years and a full intelligence was measured at age 13 years. Maternal and paternal family routines, harsh parenting and corporal punishment were assessed in early and mid-childhood. Mediation analysis was performed with the G-formula and Structural Equation Models. Results Child intelligence partially mediated [B indirect effect =0.54 95% CI (0.46, 0.62) P < 0.001] the association between parental education and child school achievement. Independent of intelligence, family routines [B indirect effect =0.04 95% CI (0.01, 0.07) P < 0.01], but not harsh parenting mediated this association. Conclusions Higher parental education was associated with better school achievement through two independent mechanisms, through higher intelligence of the child and parenting practices.

Flooding is a significant threat to human-life, ecosystems, cultural heritage and society in general. A risk-based safety approach is necessary to support decision making and prioritize intervention measures, either during the response or during the prevention stage. As a consequence of flooding, transport infrastructure and flood protection system can be significantly damaged and cause cascading effects on other infrastructure. In this paper a risk assessment model will be presented for determining the direct and indirect impacts of flooding hazards in the case study area of city of Karlovac. The model is using the novel vulnerability assessment methods for embankments and bridges exposed to different flood hazard scenarios. The consequence analysis is using an improved quantification model for direct and indirect impacts of different flood hazard scenarios. These scenarios are then used for flood risk mapping, applied on the case study area.

increasingly common occurrence of rain with a significant amount of precipitation in one hour, which causes floods. Floods cause great material and intangible damage per population and often endanger human lives. The road network in such situations has crucial importance to take urgent intervention measures and rescue people, animals and material goods. This paper is focused on the natural flood disaster and its influence on road infrastructure and presents the risk assessment methodology and determines critical road sections of main roads in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, analyzing data on 100-year floods.