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Amina Asotić, Lejla Granov Alađuz, Hamza Asotić, P. Grubor, Marinko Domuzin, Ljubiša Preradović, A. Šehić, F. Julardžija et al.

Introduction: The knee joint has a unique anatomical structure in the human body. The localization between the two longest bones in the human body – femur, and tibia – makes it prone to injuries, trauma, and other pathologies. Clinical examination of the joint is still the primary method in evaluating the condition of the patient's knee. The study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination and magnetic resonance (MR) in assessing chondral lesions of knee joint using arthroscopy as a reference standard.Patients and methods: The examination was conducted on 94 patients (58 males and 36 females) with knee injuries. Clinical examination indicated a primary chondral lesion of knee cartilage in eight patients (five men and three women), with an average age of 45.75. Besides the clinical examination, the diagnostics were performed using MR imaging by Siemens of 0.5 Tesla, and arthroscopy was performed using Storz arthroscope.Results: Our research has generated the following values of clinical and MR results for chondral lesions: Sensitivity (Se) = 12.5%, Specificity (Sp): could not be calculated, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) = 100%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV) = 0% and Accuracy (ACC) = 12.5%. The accuracy of clinical and intraoperative results for chondral lesion was: Se =100%, Sp: could not be calculated, PPV = 100%, NPV: could not be calculated, and ACC = 100%. MR imaging and arthroscopy findings of chondral lesion showed: Se = 100%, Sp = 0%, PPV = 12.5%, NPV: could not be calculated and ACC = 12.5%. In comparing the clinical sign and MRand intraoperative result, Positive Predictive Value for patients with chondral lesion was maximal (100%), while comparing MR with the intraoperative result, Positive Predictive Value was 12.5%. In comparison between clinical sign and intraoperative results, the accuracy for patients with chondral lesion was 100%, while comparing the clinical sign with MR result and MR with the intraoperative result, the accuracy was 12.5%.Conclusion: Our examinations have shown that MR examination is not currently as valid for diagnosing injury of chondral cartilage of knee as the medical community or patients have anticipated it.

Majda Handanović, F. Julardžija, A. Šehić, A. Sofić, M. Jusufbegović, D. Bulja

Introduction: Stroke is the second leading underlying cause of death globally and the leading cause of disability in adults. Stroke diagnosis should be performed quickly and efficiently to eliminate other potential causes of neurological deficits and to assess the time since the onset of clinical symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are essential methods of detecting and evaluating stroke type and treatmentoptions. Diffusion and perfusion MR imaging is recommended for early stroke diagnosis, as well as for the selection of patients for recanalization therapy, and is considered effective in assessing treatment outcomes. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the diagnostic value of diffusion and perfusion imaging in the diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke, analyze the role of magnetic resonance imaging in the selection of patients with acute stroke for recanalization therapy, and assess the effect of acute stroke complicity.Material and methods: The research is designed as a systematic review of the primary scientific research literature, which was published in English in relevant scientific databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline) from 2014 to 2021.Results: 14 scientific research papers were singled out and the general characteristics of the study were analyzed (country, authors, year of publication, title of the study, type of study, study objectives, research methods, results and conclusion). A quality assessment of the included studies with cohort design and randomized controlled studies was performed, and most belong to the category of high-quality studies with a smaller number of medium-quality studies. The overall percentage of detected AIS cases in isolated studies using the DWI and/or PWI sequence was 90.8%. At the same time, the outcome of recanalization therapy was assessed using MRI studies (the number of patients who developed adverse events with functional data outcome 30 or 90 days after the procedure was observed). Comparison of MRI and CT imaging protocols provided data on the total percentage of detected acute stroke cases using CT imaging protocols (68.9%) and MRI imaging protocols (88.5%), which is why MRI is considered a superior method.Conclusion: Although CT is a suitable method for visualizing bleeding and also for early differentiation of hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke, if MRI imaging is available, it is recommended to use DWI, PWI, MRA sequences for a more accurate diagnosis of stroke in the acute phase.

S. Markovic, M. Jovanovic, N. Gajović, M. Jurišević, N. Arsenijević, M. Jovanovic, Milan M Jovanović, Željko Mijailović et al.

Objective: The increased level of interleukin (IL)-33 is considered as a predictor of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, but its role at different stages of the disease is still unclear. Our goal was to analyze the correlation of IL-33 and other innate immunity cytokines with disease severity. Methods: In this study, 220 patients with COVID-19 were included and divided into two groups, mild/moderate and severe/critical. The value of the cytokines, clinical, biochemical, radiographic data was collected and their correlation with disease severity was analyzed. Results: Most patients in the severe/critical group were male (81.8%) and older (over 64.5 years). We found a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in these two groups between clinical features (dyspnea, dry cough, fatigue, and auscultatory findings); laboratory [(neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, hemoglobin, plasma glucose, urea, creatinine, total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine kinase (CK), D-dimer, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), Fe, and Ferritin)], arterial blood gases (oxygen saturation-Sa02, partial pressure of oxygen -p02), and chest X-rays (CXR) lung findings (p = 0.000). We found a significantly higher serum concentration (p < 0.05) of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-23, and IL-33 in patients with COVID-19 with severe disease. In the milder stage of COVID-19, a positive correlation was detected between IL-33 and IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-23, while a stronger positive correlation between the serum values of IL-33 and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12 and IL-23 was detected in patients with COVID-19 with severe disease. A weak negative correlation (p < 0.05) between pO2 and serum IL-1β, IL-12, and IL-33 and between SaO2 and serum IL-33 was noted. The positive relation (p < 0.05) between the serum values of IL-33 and IL-12, IL-33 and IL-6, and IL-6 and IL-12 is proven. Conclusion: In a more progressive stage of COVID-19, increased IL-33 facilitates lung inflammation by inducing the production of various innate proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-23) in several target cells leading to the most severe forms of the disease. IL-33 correlates with clinical parameters of COVID-19 and might represent a promising marker as well as a therapeutic target in COVID-19.

Delila Lisica, Elma Ramakic, Amela Džubur-Alić

BACKGROUND In the first year of studies, students face many changes. On one side is the demanding medical education, and on the other side, is to find a balance with old friends, parents, and a new social environment. These changes may result in psychological symptoms such as anxiety or depression, which is the most commonly, reported mental disorder among students. This study intended to explore the presence of anxiety and depression symptoms in first-year medical students and investigate how family cohesion, flexibility and psychosocial factors influence anxiety and depression. METHODS 149 medical students (76.5 % females and 23.5 % males) took part in a crosssectional study. The survey was conducted via the sociodemographic questionnaire, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, the short version of Loneliness Scale, Family Adaptability & Cohesion Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS The prevalence of moderate and severe anxiety and depression symptoms among medical students was 53.8 % and 19.5 %, respectively. Female students experienced higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to their male colleagues. Students who had physical activities at least once a week showed significantly lower anxiety and depression scores. Anxiety and depression were positively associated with loneliness and negatively associated with perceived social support from family and self-esteem. Depression was also negatively associated with family cohesion and adaptability. Moreover, the results revealed that family cohesion was a strong predictor of the severity of depression symptoms. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that variables such as gender, physical activities, feeling of loneliness, low self-esteem, and perceived social support from family play an important role in the experience of anxiety and depression among medical students. This study raises awareness about mental disorders in medical students, especially anxiety and depression, and invites the placement of these problems among the top priorities of public health policies. KEY WORDS Anxiety; Depression, Family Relations, Students

Samir Butković, Emir Šarić

Very important property of powder metallurgy parts is ability to join to components produced by different manufacturing technologies or dissimilar materials. Properties of powder metallurgy Nb modified HK30 components are highly influenced by conditions applied during sintering. Weldability of sintered components can be improved using favorable sintering conditions. In this regard, effect of sintering parameters on fusion weldability of Nb modified HK30 is presented in this paper. Investigation of weld joints between HK30, produced by different sintering conditions, and cast HK30 stainless steel is performed. In addition, examination of welds between sintered HK30 and wrought 304 stainless steel is also performed. Microstructural examination and hardness testing of fusion zones and heat affected zones were done for different combinations of base material.

I. Čović, I. Vasilj, Antonija Hrkač, Roberta Perković

Introduction: Nosocomial infections are a global problem in the health care system, but they more affect lowand middleincome countries. Educating healthcare professionals about nosocomial infections and prevention strategies to have a significant impact on reducing the number of infections. Aim: To determine and compare students' knowledge and attitudes about nosocomial infections and prevention strategies at the Faculty of Nursing and Sanitary Engineering from the Faculty of Health Studies and the School of Medicine. Method: This is a cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 150 students of third and fourth academic years, both sexes, from the Department of Nursing (n = 50), Department of Sanitary Engineering (n = 50) of Faculty of Health Studies and the School of Medicine (n = 50). The survey was conducted using a self-designed survey questionnaire, divided into three sections: knowledge of nosocomial infections, knowledge of hand hygiene, beliefs, and attitudes about the effect of education on nosocomial infections. Each unit had 5 statements, and the possibility of answering with "YES" or "NO". Result: Students of all three studies showed, on average, good knowledge of the occurrence and prevention of nosocomial infections. The post-hoc comparison showed significantly higher knowledge of students from the School of Medicine and Sanitary Engineering compared to the knowledge of students from the Department of Nursing (p <0.005), but not in the hand hygiene test. In the hand hygiene test, a significant difference in overall knowledge was found between the School of Medicine and Sanitary Engineering, in favor of the School of Medicine (p = 0.037). Most students from all faculties are convinced that knowledge of nosocomial infections and adherence to prevention measures is an important strategy in their prevention. Conclusion: The knowledge of the health-oriented faculties of the University of Mostar is satisfactory. Nevertheless, many students at all faculties consider that education at faculties is insufficient.

M. Glavić, A. Zenunović, A. Hasić, Mirza Tatarović, S. Tahmaz

Food costs are the highest costs in milk production so they need to be minimized. In large dairy farms, the total share of food in the cost structure ranges from 50-60%, while in small farms it is above 60%. By producing one's own voluminous food, the sustainable needs of animals and lower milk production can be met, while higher milk production requires the use of concentrated nutrients produced on one's own farm (corn, cereals). The purchase of ready-mixed feeds should be avoided because it is economically unjustified. Poorer quality and inadequate quantities (more or less than technological needs) in the diet of dairy cows have a direct effect on the amount of milk produced, and thus on income. The production of own fodder and its use greatly reduces the cost of milk because the internal factors of the farm's business determine the success of the business more than the selling price. The cost of food in the total cost of milk production participates from 44.50% in small farms that have a grazing system in the feeding, to 56.71% in Holstein cows in 2021. The share of concentrate in the total cost of feeding is from 55.80% in Holstein cows in 2020 to 71.23% in small farms with a grazing system in the feeding. The costs of production of corn silage in the feeding ratio in 2020. yaer amounted 0.0514 BAM / kg, and in the feeding ratio in 2021. Year 0.0433 BAM / kg. The price of concentrate in the feeding ratio in 2020. Year was 0.55 BAM / kg, and in 2021. Year 0.72 BAM / kg (1 BAM = 0,511 €) (1 BAM = 0, 59 $) The coefficient of economy is from 1.4920 in farms with up to 10 Simmental cows, to 1.8214 in larger Holstein cow farms.

Manuel Cáceres, B. Mumey, Edin Husić, Romeo Rizzi, Massimo Cairo, Kristoffer Sahlin, Alexandru I. Tomescu

A multi-assembly problem asks to reconstruct multiple genomic sequences from mixed reads sequenced from all of them. Standard formulations of such problems model a solution as a path cover in a directed acyclic graph, namely a set of paths that together cover all vertices of the graph. Since multi-assembly problems admit multiple solutions in practice, we consider an approach commonly used in standard genome assembly: output only partial solutions (contigs, or safe paths), that appear in all path cover solutions. We study constrained path covers, a restriction on the path cover solution that incorporate practical constraints arising in multi-assembly problems. We give efficient algorithms finding all maximal safe paths for constrained path covers. We compute the safe paths of splicing graphs constructed from transcript annotations of different species. Our algorithms run in less than 15 seconds per species and report RNA contigs that are over 99% precise and are up to 8 times longer than unitigs. Moreover, RNA contigs cover over 70% of the transcripts and their coding sequences in most cases. With their increased length to unitigs, high precision, and fast construction time, maximal safe paths can provide a better base set of sequences for transcript assembly programs.

Throughout most of history, children with hearing impairments were on the margins of society. Because of their place in society, research about the possibility of music perception and engaging actively as a professional musician and dancer, started at the end of the 20th century. Although that progress started at the end of the 20th century, children with hearing impairments from Bosnia and Herzegovina don't have enough support of educational system which could include them in art education. This situation we can especially see in field of music and dance, which are very hard for adjustment because of their sensory impairment. To prove that children with hearing impairments can perceive music and improve their motor ability with the help of dance which is not at their age level, we created a special educational program which consists of music-dance workshops, where the main goal is to improve body coordination and speed of movement with music-rhythmic stimulations and dance. In this program, which last four and half months, we included 14 girls with hearing impairments from eleven to fifteen years of life. At the beginning of this program, we performed initial measurement of body coordination and movement speed, and at the end of this four-and-a-half-months long program, we performed final measurement through five standard tests: Eight with banding (MKOS), Steps aside (MKKS), Envelope test (MKKT), Slalom with three medical balls (MKS3M) and Long jump backwards (MKSUU). For effect analysis of applying musical-rhythmic stimulation, we used t-test for final samples (paired samples test). The results of this research are showing us that there is statistically significant difference in ability of body coordination and movement speed and that this musical-dance workshop program has positive impact on development of chosen motor ability. 

Psychological pain is a social issue which is highly present in societies, and can accordingly have a significant negative effect on all aspects of a person's existence with particularly harmful consequences on chronic pain, thus increasing the possibility of developing comorbid psychiatric disorders. Clinicians often tend to label the appearance of psychological symptoms as a "normal" or usual response to physical ailments. Psychological pain or suffering is not only manifested on a psychological level, nonetheless, it is usually in a certain way immanent in the body itself. As regards the physical pain, there is an evident connection between awareness of the physical spot of pain in the body and the psychological experience of pain, which is not the case when it comes to emotional pain. The aim of this paper is to systematize and classify scientific findings and knowledge about psychological pain. The paper is based on the results of contemporary research in the field of psychology and other related sciences and scientific disciplines related to social and scientific issues. Psychological assessment of pain is of great importance due to the consequences it entails – including primarily the impaired physical and psychological integrity of a person, since the mind, reason, and emotions are mainly conditioned by the normal existence of the body. Psychological assessment of pain can have significant results in applied scientific research and modern social practice.

A. Mujanović, D. Smajlović

Opacity of data on stroke for Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is mainly due to the lack of a unified national stroke registry. This article aims to present updated epidemiological data on the etiology and risk factors for first‐ever ischemic stroke in Tuzla Canton, B&H.

Yalcin Velibey, G. Ayan, M. Karataş, E. Kahraman, E. Parsova, Özge Güzelburç

Amina Šeta, S. Dinarević-Mesihović, Timur Šečić, Miralem Đešević

Introduction. The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in the past year and a half has become a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 symptoms, severity and duration vary widely, with an increasing number of cases of unresolved and prolonged symptoms. Objectives. This study aims to characterize unresolved symptoms of mild COVID-19 patients for a period of five months after disease onset, and potentially aid in disease management. Methods. Seventy-five adult patients were involved in the study in the period October 2020- March 2021 in Eurofarm Centre Private Healthcare. Inclusion criteria required patients to be aged ≥18 years, with positive SARS-CoV2 PCR test results and non-severe symptoms which did not require hospitalization. The onset, duration and resolution of symptoms were analysed.

Lejla Lazović Pita, Velma Pijalović, Lamija Šćeta, A. Peštek

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the perceived downward accountability and transparency of two public services – water supply and sewage and local road maintenance – in the Sarajevo Canton in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH).Design/Methodology/Approach: An opinion survey[1] on a sample of 250 respondents and four binomial regressions were conducted to measure the factors that affect the perceived downward accountability and transparency of the two public services.Findings: The results of binomial logit regressions indicate that in terms of perceived accountability and transparency of water supply and sewage, significant variables include gender, education, and satisfaction with the price the respondents pay for such service. Significant variables for perceived local road maintenance accountability include satisfaction with regular and winter local road maintenance, while for perceived transparency an additional significant variable is education.Academic contribution to the field: Although publications and literature dealing with the implementation of New Public Management in developed countries are plentiful, this is not the case in transition countries. The paper examines the case of the Sarajevo Canton and contributes to the research of perceived downward accountability and transparency. It may serve as a basis for further studies on public sector management in other local communities or small transition countries.Originality/Value: The paper contributes to the limited empirical literature regarding the perceived accountability and transparency and suggests ways to improve such.  

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