Background: Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is ubiquitous among the adult population. The anxiety component of DFA is more strongly expressed in adults, and includes a physiological and psychological component, and is more often analyzed in research. Oral-surgical interventions represent a significant source of stress for the appearance of anxiety in subjects. The research aim was to analyze the presence of anxiety with the use of the revised Corah Dental Anxiety Scale (DASR) and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) in adult patients during the treatment of extraction of impacted third permanent molars by oral surgery. Material and Methods: The study included adult patients of both sexes, who were previously scheduled for oral-surgical removal of third permanent molars. Anxiety levels were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively as follows: 1st measurement (day of examination)-DASR, and STAI (X1 and X2); 2nd measurement (immediately before the intervention)-STAI (X1 and X2); 3rd measurement (day after the intervention)-STAI (X1 and X2). Results: Preoperatively, the presence of high levels of general anxiety, situational anxiety, and dental anxiety was determined. The levels were decreased before the planned surgery and were significantly reduced in the postoperative period. The STAI scale could be used to assess the presence of situational anxiety in the dental office on an equal footing with other known measuring instruments (e.g. DASR). Conclusions: Adequate therapy should be considered to prevent preoperative anxiety, which would increase the satisfaction of patients and therapists while reducing complications related to this type of intervention.

Background/Aim: Surgical removal of impacted third molars is associated with possible complications that are primarily comprehended as expected. Increase in incidence and severity of complications is directly related to the depth of impaction, and to the age of the patient as well. The aim of this research was to investigate the possible influence of the treatment duration relating to age and gender of the patients, the occurrence of pain, and the existence of previous anxiety experience connected with surgical wisdom tooth removal. Material and Methods. The study included adults of both gender indicated for surgical removal of impacted third molars. The existence of previous wisdom tooth removal experience was determined during the first examination, and the subjects' anxiety and pain levels were determined pre-, and postoperatively. Results: There were no differences concerning the place of treatment (dental office/operating room) and the duration of surgery. Younger participants showed the lowest levels of preoperative anxiety and the highest levels of postoperative anxiety, and frequently reported postoperative pain. Female participants showed higher levels of preoperative and postoperative anxiety, and also frequently reported postoperative pain. Conclusions: Anxiety and pain scores were lower when there was a previous experience with removal of impacted wisdom teeth.

Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle, and present a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases with mechanical or electrical dysfunction, characterized by ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation. They can be strictly related to the heart muscle (primary), or as part of a systemic disease (secondary), and represent a factor that leads to a reduced quality of life, the occurrence of heart failure and mortality. The primary ones are those that are genetic conditioning, the mixed ones include dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy, and the acquired ones are caused by myocarditis, stress-induced, peripartum, tachycardia-induced and those caused by endocrine pathology (primarily in newborns of mothers with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus). Etiologically, they can arise as a result of a genetic mutation, an inflammatory process, and they are also divided into metabolic, toxic and those caused by some other cause. The aim of the article was to present the characteristics of cardiomyopathies themselves in relation to the etiological factor, with review of the diagnostic and therapeutic modality.

Cardiotoxicity is one of the most important side effects of first-line chemotherapy medications. It is influenced by genetic variation, whereby the relationship between the chemotherapeutic dose and the risk of cardiotoxicity can be altered. The incidence of cardiotoxicity depends on the substance used in the therapeutic modality of cancer and can reach an incidence of 30% during a three-year follow-up. The main element of the clinical picture is systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, with symptoms of heart failure, which can change or stop oncological therapy, along with pharmacological treatment of heart failure. These symptoms can occur during prolonged use of cancer therapies, monitoring the patient is advisable. Considering the increasing success of oncology therapy and the extension of life, as well as the improvement of the quality of life, a multidisciplinary approach, as well as the symbiosis of the work of cardiologists and oncologists, is imperative. Patient stratification concerning oncological treatment modality is imposed as part of a cardiologist's daily work from the beginning of cancer treatment.

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2 inhibitors) represent a therapeutic modality option for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This group of drugs includes dapagliflozin, empagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin and sotagliflozin. Given their proven benefit in the scope of heart failure through clinical studies, they have also gained their place in patients with reduced, moderately reduced, or preserved systolic function of the left ventricle. Due to the effect on both the systolic and diastolic function of the left ventricle, and the neurohumoral activity itself, their range of use has been expanded in patients without a history of diabetes mellitus, and empagliflozin in a dose of 10 mg, as well as dapagliflozin in a dose of 10 mg, have been implemented in patients without diabetes mellitus. New directions for the expansion of the use of SGLT2 inhibitors have pointed towards their applicability in acute heart failure (sotagliflozin) and type 1 diabetes (sotagliflozin). Recently, clinical studies concerning the use of empagliflozin and dapagliflozin in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), appeared. The aim of this paper was to highlight the possible benefit of including SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with ACS.

The article deals with modeling and calculations of volumetric machine-building structures with complex geometry. The relevance of the work lies in the fact that its methodology and results can help design massive structural elements complex in shape, including cylinders of powerful hydraulic presses. Attention is paid to the problems of reducing the metal content of machine-building products and the safe conditions of their operation. Theoretical and applied work is based on numerical methods using analytical solutions to assess the reliability of computer calculation results. The choice of research method is because analytical solutions for massive parts of such a configuration are too complex for numerical implementation. Experimental methods are too expensive and not so universal as to sort out possible variants of shapes and sizes. For the actual model of the press, the capabilities of the finite element method implemented in the ANSYS multipurpose complex were selected and rationally used. The results of the calculations are summarized in the table and shown on the graphs of the stress distribution. Based on the performed calculations (with a reliability check based on the formulas of the theory of elasticity for simplified calculation schemes), conclusions were made to ensure a more even distribution of stresses and a reduction in the metal content of the product.

Introduction: Ascaris lumbricoides is a widely spread helminthic infection, predominantly affecting children, making them the most commonly infected population group. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infestation in two municipalities, Tešanj and Maglaj, and to investigate the occurrence of Ascaris lumbricoides infections in the pediatric population, focusing particularly on preschool children. Materials and Methods: The study involved the collection of 1409 fecal samples from the Tešanj and Maglaj areas, gathered over a 6-month period, spanning from September 2018 to February 2019. The processing of these samples was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of Tešanj General Hospital. Results: Out of the total 1409 samples, 129 (9.16%) tested positive for Ascaris lumbricoides infestation. In Tešanj, where 1198 samples were collected, 106 (8.85%) tested positive, while in Maglaj, 211 samples were collected, with 23 (10.9%) testing positive. Notably, the majority of positive cases in both Tešanj and Maglaj were preschool-age children, accounting for 88.68% and 86.96%, respectively. The study did not identify any statistically significant correlation between age and gender distribution among those with positive test results in either Tešanj or Maglaj. Conclusion: Based on the study results, which have highlighted the infestation of preschool children with Ascaris lumbricoides in two municipalities in our country, it is imperative to implement preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of infection.

Background: Correct measuring of blood and urine creatinine level is necessary for identification and tracking of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: The aim of this study is a comparison of Jaffe and enzymatic methods for measuring creatinine in serum and in urine, in order to determine whether there are any statistical significant differences between them, and whether they are reflected on creatinine clearance calculation and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Methods: Creatinine in serum and urine was measured for the group of patients (N=60; female=34, male=26) from 24 to 69 years of age by using Jaffe’s method on Dimension RxL biochemical analyzer, and enzymatic method on integrated biochemical and immunochemical analyzer Architect ci8200, and obtained levels are used for creatinine clearance calculation and eGFR. Results: The methods correlate well, both in measuring serum creatinine (r 1 = 0.990) and in measuring urine creatinine (r 2 =0.974). There are no statistically significant differences between them (p=0.57). Measuring creatinine using different methods showed no statistically significant differences in the calculated clearances (p=0.93), they significantly correlate (r=0.9722). eGFR, using the MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas, were not statistically significantly different, regardless of the used method. Conclusion: Apart from significant correlations between the used methods, the results of using the Jaffe and enzymatic methods showed no significant differences at measuring serum creatinine level, or creatinine clearance and glomerular filtration rate.

The paper discusses the relationship between assessment in teaching English as a foreign language and students’ competencies. The data collected by this research show that, in recent times, teachers and students are becoming aware that learning based only on the acquisition of facts will not adequately respond to the challenges they will face in the future. An environment in which the learning outcomes are transparently and directly linked to the students’ competencies enables them to take responsibility for their progress, not only during the official period of schooling but also during lifelong learning, which is very important. With this approach, learning outcomes and their connection with the necessary competencies to achieve learning outcomes become the basis for redefining qualifications and curricula in general and professional education. The transparent connection of learning outcomes and necessary competencies to achieve learning outcomes, as well as the shift of focus from teachers to students, enables students to find their way of improving competencies and taking responsibility for their learning. Learning outcomes are best understood by viewing them as a series of valuable processes and opportunities that can be applied in different ways in different areas of teaching and learning. The emphasis is on defining the learning outcomes so that we use the students’ experience and pay less attention to the content of the subjects of a specific curriculum. The data from this research indicate that learning outcomes impact assessment if they are adequately linked to competencies. Students can monitor their progress and take responsibility for it. The primary outcome of this research is that assessment aligned with progress in students’ competencies and their connection to learning outcomes will certainly improve learning.

<abstract> <p>Newton's identities of an infinite polynomial with complex-conjugate roots <italic>n</italic>^{<italic>−(</italic>σ+<italic>it</italic>)} and <italic>n</italic>^{<italic>−(</italic>σ<italic>−it</italic>)} are multiple zeta functions for <italic>n</italic>∈[1, ∞), σ∈R and <italic>t</italic>∈R. All Newton's identities can be represented by Macdonald determinants. In a special case of the Riemann hypothesis, the multiple zeta function of the first order is equal to zero, ζ(σ+<italic>it</italic>)+ζ(σ−<italic>it</italic>) = 0. The special case includes all non-trivial zeros. The value of the last, infinite multiple zeta function, in the special case, changes the structure of the determinant that can be calculated. The result is the reciprocal of the factorial value (<italic>n</italic>!)⁻¹. The general value of the infinite multiple zeta function is calculated based on Vieta's rules and is equal to (<italic>n</italic>!)^−2σ. The identity based on the relation of the special case and the general case (<italic>n</italic>!)⁻¹ = (<italic>n</italic>!)^−2σ is reduced to the equation −1 = −2σ. The value of the critical line for all non-trivial zeros is singular, σ = ½.</p> </abstract>

The discussion about whether the internet addiction disorder should be considered a primary addiction disorder or a secondary disorder due to other psychiatric illnesses is a very current topic. Although the term "addiction" has historically been associated with the pathological use of psychoactive substances, research over the past few decades indicates that various behaviors are also part of the spectrum of addiction. Accordingly, addictions to psychoactive substances and behavioral addictions overlap in several segments, but there are also certain differences between them. Taking into account these statements, the subject of this research was the analysis of the personality structure of Internet addicted adolescents, aimed at identifying if there are specific differences in certain personality dimensions between adolescents addicted to the Internet (reference group) and adolescents who abuse psychoactive substances, as well as in adolescents from the non-clinical population. The methodology was applied to a sample consisting of 125 respondents of both genders, aged 13 to 24, of whom 27 were from the clinical group of Internet addicts, 24 from the clinical group of psychoactive substance addicts, and 74 from the non-clinical population. A questionnaire was used for assessing Internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test) and a questionnaire for assessing the personality of adolescents (Belgrade Personality Inventory of Adolescents). The results indicate that we cannot talk about a specific profile that distinguishes respondents who are addicted to the Internet. However, despite the limitations, significant differences in certain dimensions indicate certain deviations between groups of adolescents with Internet addiction, addiction to psychoactive substances and the non-clinical population. Low research curiosity, poorly developed perseverance and goal orientation play a significant role in the aetiopathogenesis of Internet addicts. We conclude that the obtained results can have a significant role in solving the current dilemma whether Internet addiction disorder should be considered a primary addiction disorder or a secondary disorder due to other psychiatric diseases.

Eating disorders affect both the physical health, but also the psychological and social aspects of life of the people who suffer from them. The World Health Organization (WHO) uses the term "quality of life" to define the individuals' perception of their position in life in the context of their culture and values, and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns, to express a wide range of changes in the life of a person. Some of these changes are either caused or affected by eating habits that often present in a form of eating disorders. In recent decades, there has been growing interest in finding adequate questionnaires to help identify and measure the severity of eating disorders, as well as the quality of life of these patients. Several studies have been conducted on this topic, and scientific evolution and progress will be discussed in detail below to identify the most appropriate questionnaire to assist clinicians in their therapeutic practices. The primary objective is the detailed identification and classification of eating disorders in line with the most recent findings. The secondary objective is identification and classification of the questionnaires for testing eating disorders and quality of life. We conducted a review of the current research into developing the possibility of detecting eating disorders and potential health risks in untreated patients. The following index data bases were digitally searched: PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane database of systematic reviews, Embase, Epistemonikos, all searched up to August 2022. The combination of keywords revised in the list of medical subject headings (MeSH) was used to select relevant articles: (eating disorders) and (tests and/or questionnaires for eating disorders and quality of life). The analysis included meta-analyses, systematic reviews and original scientific articles. Special attention was paid to the discussion on identifying and providing insight into eating disorders in line with the latest findings, as well as to the examination and description of questionnaires for exploring eating disorders and quality of life. Among the first questionnaires used in practice to assess the quality of life of patients with eating disorders were Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-K). Although generic questionnaires were applied and had produced good results, there is still no specific questionnaire on the quality of life of persons with eating disorders. New discoveries emerge as the search continues for highly specialized and sensitive questionnaires. Several instruments and questionnaires are used to get a final result in several studies investigating the connection between the intensity of symptoms caused by eating disorders and the quality of life, which shall be discussed below. Great progress has been made in evaluating and designing appropriate questionnaires to help clinicians and researchers in diagnostics, developing treatment strategies and providing prognoses for eating disorders, as well as in assessing the quality of life of these patients. Most studies and research come to the conclusion that a combination of multiple questionnaires simultaneously is the best choice for detection and prevention of deterioration in the quality of life of patients with eating disorders, as well as for considering the predictive factors that pertain to the quality of life. It is important to emphasize frequent comorbidity of other mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety, meaning that it is important to use instruments that help in early detection of these comorbidities during examination.

227 Наше писмо уреднику анализира сазнања о интензитету и учесталости паралелног појављивања вазомоторних, соматских и психолошких симптома у климактеријуму, менопаузи и понеких у постменопаузи. Написан је да подстакне стручну и научну јавност да критички анализира питања и да предложи одређени правац деловања унутар могућности репродуктивне ендокринологије, менталног здравља и методологија расположивих за примену опција лечења. Писмо уреднику такође пружа најновију перспективу сазнања која служи сврси и покреће контроверзну тему у нади да ће се боље разумети концепт (симптома и третмана).