Uvod: Dijabetičko je stopalo posljedična komplikacija bolesti dijabetes melitus (DM), odnosno šećerne bolesti. Dijabetes melitus ozbiljna je kronična bolest koja nastaje kad gušterača ne proizvodi dovoljno inzulina za održavanje normalne razine šećera u krvi ili stanice neadekvatno reagiraju na inzulin. Uloga medicinske sestre u zbrinjavanju dijabetičkog stopala ključna je i obuhvaća širok spektar aktivnosti od rane prevencije i edukacije do specifične njege rana. Cilj: Cilj je rada ispitati stupanj znanja i stavova osoba oboljelih od dijabetesa o pravilnoj njezi stopala te procijeniti značaj edukativne i savjetodavne uloge medicinske sestre u prevenciji komplikacija dijabetičkog stopala. Provedeno istraživanje pokazat će koliki je utjecaj zdravstvene njege na ishod liječenja pacijenata s dijabetičkim stopalom i do koje su mjere oboljeli od dijabetesa educirani o pravilnoj njezi stopala. Medicinska je sestra primarni edukator koji pacijenta i njegovu obitelj educira o samopregledu i higijeni. Glavni je cilj spriječiti nastanak ulceracija, inficiranje postojećih rana i izbjeći amputaciju ekstremiteta. Metode: Provedena je prospektivno-deskriptivna studija, a podaci su dobiveni iz ankete koju su pacijenti samostalno popunili te su dali dobrovoljni pristanak za sudjelovanje u istraživanju. Vrsta anekte bila je anketni upitnik, a pitanja vezana za dijabetičko stopalo već su korištena za istraživanje javnozdravstvenog značaja zbrinjavanja dijabetičkog stopala u ordinaciji obiteljske medicine (Završni rad br. 102/SES/2015, Ivana Orban).Za obradu podataka korištene su metode deskriptivne statistike i Student t-test, uz nivo statističke značajnosti p < 0,05. Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja ispitanika u cjelokupnom uzorku, 33 ispitanika navela su da ih diplomirana medicinska sestra savjetuje o tome kako trebaju voditi pravilnu higijenu stopala. U tu skupinu spadaju ispitanici koji su odgovorili da su u posljednjih sedam dana 5 – 7 puta provodili higijenu stopala, što pokazuje da je edukacija pacijenata iznimno korisna. Od ukupnog broja ispitanika u uzorku, čak 32 ispitanika navela su da im najvažniji izvor informacija o njezi stopala predstavlja dipl. medicinska sestra. Zaključak: Na temelju dobivenih rezultata istraživanja i usporedbe s rezultatima drugih istraživanja o istoj temi, možemo zaključiti sljedeće: 1. zdravstvena njega pacijenata oboljelih od dijabetesa uvelike utječe na prevenciju nastanka dijabetičkog stopala; 2. edukacija pacijenata značajno utječe na njihovu svjesnost o mogućim neželjenim komplikacijama koje se mogu spriječiti.

Aim. The aim of this study is to investigate the satisfactionof primary caregivers of children and adolescentswith type 1 diabetes mellitus regarding healthcareservices.Methods. The study was conducted within the Associationof Children and Youth with Diabetes in theSarajevo Canton from October 23, 2021, to February28, 2022. The study included 50 primary caregivers,49 mothers and one father, with an average age of41.28 ± 5.64. A generic questionnaire for assessingparental satisfaction with healthcare provided totheir children, the PedsQLTM Healthcare SatisfactionGeneric Module, was used. The statistical analysesused to analyze the data included multiple linear regression,ANOVA test, and t-test.Results. Satisfaction with healthcare services wasassessed with average ratings on a scale of 0 to 100but with wide ranges of scores (59.46±24.34, rangingfrom 16.67 to 98.96). The results showed thattwo variables play a crucial role in predicting satisfactionwith healthcare services: meeting emotionalneeds (relative contribution=29.8) and satisfactionwith information (relative contribution=27.3).Conclusion. An individualized approach and a collaborationwith parents of children and adolescentswith type 1 diabetes mellitus are necessary to improvethe parental experience and their satisfactionwith healthcare services.

Uvod: Pandemija COVID-19 pokazala je nedostatke zdravstvenih sustava na globalnoj razini, a najveći utjecaj pandemije doživjeli su zdravstveni profesionalci koji rade u izravnom kontaktu s oboljelim pacijentima. Cilj: Cilj je rada ispitati stavove i mišljenja zdravstvenih profesionalaca koji rade u ruralnim i urbanim područjima Kantona Sarajevo o mjerama zaštite na radnom mjestu, zdravstvenom kadru i organizaciji rada tijekom pandemije COVID-19 od strane nadležnih institucija. Metode: Ispitani su zdravstveni profesionalci koji rade u urbanim i ruralnim područjima u Kantonu Sarajevo koristeći anonimne anketne upitnike čija je osnova bila check lista za provjeru spremnosti zdravstvenih ustanova za pandemiju COVID-19 koju je kreirala Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija. Kriterij za uključivanje u studiju bio je dobrovoljni pristanak ispitanika da sudjeluju u istraživanju. Rezultati: Analiza ustanove i spremnosti sustava na COVID-19 pandemiju ukazala je na mnoge nedostatke zdravstvenog sustava u Kantonu Sarajevo. Utvrđen je umjeren rizik kod odgovora zdravstvenog sustava primarne zdravstvene zaštite na području cijelog Kantona, s tim da je značajno veći rizik utvrđen u urbanim dijelovima Kantona. Utvrđena je značajna statistička razlika u ukupnom riziku (p < 0,001). Na skali od 8 do 40, ukupan rizik u urbanim sredinama iznosio je 21,95 (19 – 25), dok je u ruralnim sredinama iznosio 19,3 (16 – 23). Zaključak: Uvažavanje stavova i mišljenja zdravstvenih profesionalaca koji rade u izravnom kontaktu s pacijentima trebalo bi biti temelj za donošenje odluka u javnoj zdravstvenoj politici. U našoj se studiji, ali i ranije opisanim studijama, uočava pojam adaptabilnosti koji ukazuje na to da se, prema prijašnjim iskustvima, trebaju napraviti korektivne mjere kako bi zdravstveni sustav bio spreman za moguće epidemije i pandemije u budućnosti.

Introduction: Meningiomas are the most common benign tumor of the central nervous system, accounting for 53.3% and 37.6% of all central nervous system tumors (1). The World Health Organization (WHO) Grade I meningiomas account for 80.5% of all meningiomas and are considered benign meningiomas; the WHO Grade II meningiomas account for 17.7% of all meningiomas and exhibit more aggressive behavior. Methods: In the period 2015-2022, a retrospective single-center study at the clinic of neurosurgery at the Clinical Center University of Sarajevo was conducted, which included patients with a pathohistological finding of WHO Grade I or II meningioma. Depending on the pathohistological grade of the tumor, patients were divided into two groups: Grade I and Grade II patients. Patients were examined clinically and radiologically. Clinical data collected included in the study: Gender, age, number of symptoms before surgery, whether patients were symptomatic or asymptomatic, pre-operative Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,and Karnopsky performance scale. Pre-operative contrast magnetic resonance imaging of the head measured tumor volume, temporal muscle thickness (TMT), sagittal midline shift, and surrounding cerebral edema. Results: A total of 80 patients were enrolled in the study, 68 with WHO Grade I and 12 with WHO Grade II meningiomas. We found that patients with Grade I meningioma were younger and that the mean thickness of the temporal muscle was statistically thicker than in patients with Grade II. Increasing TMT was significantly and positively associated with Grade I tumors and negatively associated with Grade II tumors (p = 0.032). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that TMT can serve as a radiologic pre-operative indicator of meningioma grade and provide valuable guidance to neurosurgeons in surgical planning. Further studies are needed to validate these results.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament injury is an injury that occurs in both sexes and in the population of all ages. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a very strong internal ligament of the knee, whose injuries occur frequently in athletes (professional and recreational) and after which the recovery is very long and complicated. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a standardized rehabilitation program after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction based on the time required for rehabilitation in athletes and recreational athletes. Methods: Research is designed as prospective study. The research was conducted in Polyclinic FM Sarajevo over a period of 10 months, starting in June 2018 and ending in March 2019. The collection of data required for the study was carried out using a form prepared for the analysis of patients included in the study. Results: Thirty-six people participated in the study, divided into two groups. In the first group, 52.8% belonged to recreational athletes, while in the second group, 47.2% belonged to athletes. At the end of the study, the flexion value in both studied groups was 120º. At the end of the study, the percentage of subjects with correct extension of the injured limb was 94.7% of recreational athletes and 64.7% of athletes. Of the total number of respondents included in this study, 33% were soccer players, 14% were basketball players, and 53% were recreational athletes. Conclusion: Based on the research results, it was confirmed that early rehabilitation after the established rehabilitation treatment program is shorter in recreational athletes than in professional athletes.

Političari Evropske unije su zdravstvenu njegu identifikovali kao uređenu profesiju koja ima uticaj na sigurnost i javno zdravlje stanovništva uz posjedovanje karakteristika općeg javnog interesa. Zakonskom legislativom u FBiH je uređena djelatnost medicinskih sestara -tehničara, primalja, način obavljanja i organiziranja djelatnosti, standard obrazovanja i uslovi za obavljanje djelatnosti medicinskih sestara i primalja, prava, obaveze i odgovornosti medicinskih sestara i primalja, te kontrola sigurnosti i kvalitete rada. Profesionalno pravno tijelo sa jasnim ovlaštenjima, koje okuplja i zastupa medicinske sestre-tehničare različitih nivoa obrazovanja je Komora medicinskih sestara-tehničara. Pored brojnih zadataka koje Komora provodi je zagovaranje i implementacija strategija i politika od posebnog interesa za unaprijeđenje profesionalnog i stručnog razvoja. To obuhvata područje standardizacije prakse i proširenje kompetencija u skladu sa stečenim kvalifikacijama. Za ostvarenje cjelokupnih profesionalnih ciljeva neophodna je intersektorska saradnja Komore sa ustanovama koje obrazuju i upošljavaju profesionalce za zdravstvenu njegu. Koordiniranom i kontinuiranom saradnjom moguće je uskladiti zajedničke interese i ostvariti očekivanja profesionalaca u različitim nivoima prakse. Cilj je da stečene kompetencije u okviru visokoškolskog obrazovanja moraju postati operativne u radnim organizacijama. U tom procesu Komora može i mora uložiti sve napore da pomogne zdravstvenim i drugim srodnim organizacijama da razumiju i implementiraju savremene modele zdravstvene njege, te iskoriste ljudske potencijale koji se stavljaju na raspolaganje zdravstvenom tržištu u našoj zemlji. Snaga profesionalne komore je u definisanju, distinkciji, proširenju kompetencija u zdravstvenoj njezi i standardizaciji prakse, te može da bude polazna osnova za reformske procese u zdravstvenom sistemu. U radu će biti prikazani prednosti i nedostatci u procesu koordinirane saradnje profesionalnih sestrinskih tijela, obrazovnih i zdravstvenih ustanova u zemlji.

Background: Although stoma is a crucial surgical procedure, this operation has a physical and psychosocial impact on the patient, their habits and quality of life, which they should be properly educated on. Objectives: The purpose of the work is to analyze the impact of health care, key factors and problems that affect the final outcome of treatment in patients with a stoma, as well as suggestions and guidelines for improvement. Material and Methods: The results of 10 studies were reviewed including clinical trials, randomized prospective and retrospective studies published between 2011 and 2021. Results: Education of patients, their families, and medical staff is crucial in improving the quality of life of patients with stoma but also in reducing potential complications of stoma, along with stoma marking. It is also necessary to pay special attention to psychosocial problems in patients, as well as stoma problems in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Conclusion: More needs to be invested in educating staff, patients and their families about stoma, and integrating stoma patients into society in order to improve their life quality.

Introduction: The use of the Internet is becoming increasingly important in enabling children and adults to fully participate in society, whether it is learning new skills or connecting with friends and family. Consequently, children's opportunities are increasingly dependent on the Internet. The advance of technological innovations has resulted in more and more ICT devices being available to children, contributing to the deterioration of children and adolescents' health. Methods: The study was designed as an epidemiological, cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical, comparative study. The study was conducted from October 18, 2021, to January 16, 2022, using an online questionnaire accessible through the Microsoft Forms platform. Respondents were able to access the questionnaire via a link or QR code located on the child's consent form for participation in the study, which was previously signed by a parent/guardian. Results: The results of the study showed that school-age children were the most frequent users of smartphones and watches TV, with male respondents spending more time using almost all ICT devices, with the exception of tablets, which were used more frequently by female respondents. The analysis of pain intensity in the use of information and communication technologies revealed that respondents most frequently experienced mild pain, especially in the neck/shoulders and lower extremities. The frequency of eye problems after using ICT devices was found to be occasional, with the most pronounced symptoms being fatigue, tearing, and eyestrain, as well as headaches in one in five respondents. Conclusion: Increasing frequency of ICT device use was associated with higher pain intensity in all anatomic regions. A 1-hour increase in weekly ICT device use also increased the likelihood of pain intensity in all anatomic regions, including eye symptoms and headaches. High exposure to ICT is of concern because it leads to adverse health outcomes for children.

Introduction: Conflicts are a social phenomenon and occur in all organizations where people work. So, they are inevitable even among nurses, because the work they do is very responsible and stressful. Conflicts of a personal nature are not uncommon, and they are produced by intimacy in the workplace.Methodology: The study was conducted among 146 nurses employed at the Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo. The study is descriptive, analytical andcomparative. The original author’s questionnaire created on the basis of professional and scientific literature was used as a study instrument. The goal of thestudyisto determine if the conflict situations in nursing clinical practice are related to the dissatisfaction of nurses with working conditions, lack of motivational techniques, poor communication in the team and superior-subordinate relations.Results: Most respondents state that conflict situations are short-lived and do not affect work. Respondents pointed out that the most commoncauses of conflict are poorcommunicationand personal contempt of colleagues (71 or 48.6%), violations of labor regulations and non-performance of work obligations (68 or 46.6%), differences in education (39 or 26.7%), etc. The most common manner that nurses use to resolve conflicts is to exchange information in order to reach a joint decision, to negotiate and seek compromises.Conclusions: Conflicts are manifested in the form of negative emotions, so in this regard, they can have significant negative consequences, and contribute less toimprovement or have a positive effect on the work environment. Communication conflicts between nurses are detrimental to teamwork - negative confrontation between two sides, often revealing anger, not talking for a longer period, or personally standing out at the expense of the other side.