Sage has been used in traditional medicine to prevent and treat many health problems. This study aimed to determine and compare the phytochemical composition and antioxidative activity of sage leaf extracts obtained with 50% methanol (50MSE) and 80% methanol (80MSE). We determined the total phenolic content (TPC), total tannin content (TTC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) in extracts. Terpenoids were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and the radical scavenging capacity of extracts was measured using DPPH assay. TPC was higher in 80MSE, TTC was higher in 50MSE, and TFC did not differ. GC–MS analysis showed that the content of α-thujone and L-camphor was low in both extracts, with higher content in 50MSE. DPPH assay indicated that a slightly lower IC50 value and higher antioxidant potential had 80MSE. Results pointed out that the polarity of the solvent and water content had different effects on the extraction of polyphenols and terpenoids.

This study investigates tetrabutylphosphonium-based ionic liquids for food dye removal via extraction using aqueous biphasic systems with ammonium sulfate. Furthermore, these ionic liquids were used for activated carbon regeneration and employed for dye removal from the water as well. This dual approach achieved high extraction efficiencies (≈ 90%) and nearly complete regeneration (98%) of the activated carbon used as a food dye adsorbent. These findings underscore the potential of tetrabutylphosphonium ionic liquids for managing dye-contaminated water.

The safety of drinking water is crucial for public health. Industrial and human activities have increased the use of heavy metals (cobalt, nickel, manganese) in water sources. These non-biodegradable, potentially carcinogenic metals pose serious health risks in drinking water. This study developed an efficient aqueous biphasic system (ABS) for removing these metals using real drinking water samples. Two ionic liquids, tetrabutylphosphonium DTPA ([TBP][DTPA]) and tetrabutylphosphonium acetate ([TBP][Ac]), were selected as ABS components, with ammonium sulfate as the salting-out agent. Phase diagrams were established, and extraction efficiencies were evaluated. The [TBP][DTPA] IL demonstrated superior performance, achieving over 95% extraction efficiency for all metals due to the stable complex formation with metal ions. The ABS proved highly effective for real samples, making it a promising approach for ensuring safe drinking water.

Capacity of railway station is highly dependable on used interlocking system and traffic management pattern. Interlocking system's improvement requires significant financial resources, while traffic pattern could be changed by applying different management rules, depending on transport demand. This means that it is desirable to determine a certain trade-off between these parameters, up to the maximum capacity utilization index with the existing interlocking system. Several methods have been developed that consider given parameters for station capacity determination. In this paper we compare some of the methods for capacity determination, using the example of the Kalenic station, which was recently taken over by TENT from another industrial system.

Trains move in a specific way, along a pre-determined path, i.e. rails. The wheels of railway locomotives and rails are steel, and because of this, it is possible to achieve very high speeds, with relatively low resistance to movement. Analysis and research related to the movement of trains are very important from many aspects, especially for traffic safety. In this paper, a simulation of train movement under realistic conditions was performed. The simulation was created using the Python programming language. Infrastructure data, locomotive data, and resistances were used as input data, which Python later converts for simulation. The results of the simulation are presented both graphically and numerically. All data used in the Python simulation model was also input into the verified railway simulation software OpenTrack. The results from both tests were compared and analyzed, and a report was generated on the feasibility of using the created program in real-world scenarios.

Background/Aim: To evaluate the effect of curing light parameters (intensity, duration, and distance of curing tip) on the depth of cure of conventional resin-based composite. Material and methods: Cylindrical specimens made of nanohybride resin-based composite are cured with 12 different curing protocols, combined with 3 different light intensities (300, 650, and 1100 mW/cm²), 2 distances of curing tip (0 and 8 mm), and 2 exposure times (20 and 40 seconds). The specimens were measured after scraping the uncured composite material according to the ISO 4049 standard. The depth of cure was calculated by dividing the length of the remaining composite by 2. Data were analyzed using: Levene's test and Multivariate Analysis-of-variance (MANOVA). The level of significance was set at P<0.05. Results: The highest depth of cure (3.332 mm) was observed for curing protocol 1100mW/cm²/0mm/40s. The lowest depth of cure had specimens cured with curing protocol 300 mW/cm²/8mm/20s (2.034mm). MANOVA showed a significant influence of the distance of the curing tip (P=0.014; P=0.001) regardless of light intensity and duration of exposure time. Exposure time was a significant factor (P=0.009) when cured from different distances. Although higher light intensity produced a higher depth of cure, light intensity was not a significant factor. Conclusions: The depth of cure can be increased by reducing the distance of the curing tip, when it is possible. At a distance of 8 mm, the depth of cure can be increased by a longer exposure time, regardless of curing light intensity.

Background: In aim to promote HPV vaccination among children and youth, the Institute for Public Health of the Federation of BiH in 2023 developed an HPV immunization program, furtherly accepted by the Federal Ministry of Health. In collaboration with WHO and UNFPA country offices, the Institute for Public Health of the Federation of BiH initiated education to emphasize the importance of improving the knowledge and skills for over 280 health professionals in effective communication with parents in the promotion of HPV vaccination. Methods and materials: Paper presents an analysis of results of the pre and post testing of the health professionals directly involved in the HPV vaccination process in the Federation of BiH, regarding their self-confidence in communication with parents about HPV vaccination. For data collection was used the questionnaire as a part of the WHO document "Communicating with caregivers about HPV vaccination: facilitator's guide" published in 2023. The questionnaire was created in Google Forms for health professionals who participated on training. For descriptive and inferential statistics of collected data used IBM SPSS20 package. Results: The data showed an increase in self-confidence of health professionals in communication with parents after completed training. Before training 32.5% of health professionals confirmed self-confidence in talking to parents about HPV vaccination while 68.0% of them after training. Self-confidence about adverse reactions after HPV vaccination is confirmed by 27.4% health professionals before training and by 64.4% of them after training. Conclusions: A systematic approach in improving the communication knowledge and skills of health professionals is significant support for increasement of the coverage and promotion of HPV vaccination.

In order to remove harmful microorganisms, textile materials are subjected to various types of antimicrobial treatments. Skin infections represent a permanent diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, and can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. In this paper, the impact of printing insoles with alginate paste, modified bentonites and Picea omorika plant extract on their antimicrobial, dielectric and sorption properties was investigated. It was found that the printed insoles show a certain antimicrobial effect on the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans. The obtained values of specific conductivity are in agreement with the tested parameter of the sorption properties of the insoles.

Performance measurement in the health sector is essential. Research results so far show that studies have mainly focused on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) design process rather than the implementation of the BSC. There is no agreement on the perspectives that should be adopted in healthcare. Regarding the implementation of the BSC, leadership, culture and communication are especially important. Subject of research. A systematic review of research on the application of the BSC model in healthcare. Aim. Understanding the evolution of the BSC model in healthcare. The aim is to define a model for measuring the achievement of development goals through perspectives. Method. Inductive method as a systematic method by which the analysis of individual facts leads to general conclusions. The deductive and comparative method is a systematic application of the deductive way of reasoning in which individual conclusions were reached from general judgments. Using the case study method, the results of this research were defined, that is, the key business indicators, grouped into 4 perspectives, which enable the operationalization of the strategic goals of the development of the healthcare organization. Results. The possibility is demonstrated. The paper provides further research opportunities regarding the stages suitable for the implementation of BSC in healthcare.