ABSTRACT The building stock in most historical urban areas in Algeria consists of old masonry buildings which are characterized by the rather high vulnerability. In that respect, to reduce the seismic risk there is a requirement for strategic urban planning and urban management policies. This paper focuses on the assessment of the seismic vulnerability using the RISK-UE methodology, namely the mechanical method LM2, which is adopted and applied to fit the Algerian urban features. In order to implement the RISK-UE LM2 methodology, an old urban center in Annaba city is chosen as a pilot area. Almost, the majority of the structures are unreinforced masonry buildings. In total 226 buildings were assessed, which are typical not only for this region but can be found in many other medium-sized Algerian urban environments. Three scenarios that take into account various values of the peak ground accelerations (PGA) are elaborated. Two scenarios use PGAs issued from an existing probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) of Annaba city for 100 and 475 return periods. The third PGA for the last scenario is taken from the Algerian seismic code (RPA99/2003). In order to highlight the degree of vulnerability and risk of the studied masonry buildings, a comparison between the three seismic scenarios is presented in detail for each building’s typology. The obtained seismic vulnerability outcomes offer a great prospect to provide recommendations for making correct decisions to reduce the seismic risk and conduct adequate emergency planning in Algerian urban areas.

An outbreak of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in children was reported in Scotland^ 1 in April 2022 and has now been identified in 35 countries^ 2 . Several recent studies have suggested an association with human adenovirus with this outbreak, a virus not commonly associated with hepatitis. Here we report a detailed case–control investigation and find an association between adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility. Using next-generation sequencing, PCR with reverse transcription, serology and in situ hybridization, we detected recent infection with AAV2 in plasma and liver samples in 26 out of 32 (81%) cases of hepatitis compared with 5 out of 74 (7%) of samples from unaffected individuals. Furthermore, AAV2 was detected within ballooned hepatocytes alongside a prominent T cell infiltrate in liver biopsy samples. In keeping with a CD4^+ T-cell-mediated immune pathology, the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II HLA-DRB1*04:01 allele was identified in 25 out of 27 cases (93%) compared with a background frequency of 10 out of 64 (16%; P  = 5.49 × 10^−12). In summary, we report an outbreak of acute paediatric hepatitis associated with AAV2 infection (most likely acquired as a co-infection with human adenovirus that is usually required as a ‘helper virus’ to support AAV2 replication) and disease susceptibility related to HLA class II status. A case–control study investigating the causes of recent cases of acute hepatitis of unknown aetiology in 32 children identifies an association between adeno-associated virus infection and host genetics in disease susceptibility.

A key open question in the study of multiparticle production in high-energy pp collisions is the relationship between the "ridge"-i.e., the observed azimuthal correlations between particles in the underlying event that extend over all rapidities-and hard or semihard scattering processes. In particular, it is not known whether jets or their soft fragments are correlated with particles in the underlying event. To address this question, two-particle correlations are measured in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=13  TeV using data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, with an integrated luminosity of 15.8  pb^{-1}, in two different configurations. In the first case, charged particles associated with jets are excluded from the correlation analysis, while in the second case, correlations are measured between particles within jets and charged particles from the underlying event. Second-order flow coefficients, v_{2}, are presented as a function of event multiplicity and transverse momentum. These measurements show that excluding particles associated with jets does not affect the measured correlations. Moreover, particles associated with jets do not exhibit any significant azimuthal correlations with the underlying event, ruling out hard processes contributing to the ridge.

An investigation using various methods reports an association between adeno-associated virus 2 and paediatric hepatitis of unknown aetiology. Since its first identification in Scotland, over 1,000 cases of unexplained paediatric hepatitis in children have been reported worldwide, including 278 cases in the UK^ 1 . Here we report an investigation of 38 cases, 66 age-matched immunocompetent controls and 21 immunocompromised comparator participants, using a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and immunohistochemical methods. We detected high levels of adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) DNA in the liver, blood, plasma or stool from 27 of 28 cases. We found low levels of adenovirus (HAdV) and human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) in 23 of 31 and 16 of 23, respectively, of the cases tested. By contrast, AAV2 was infrequently detected and at low titre in the blood or the liver from control children with HAdV, even when profoundly immunosuppressed. AAV2, HAdV and HHV-6 phylogeny excluded the emergence of novel strains in cases. Histological analyses of explanted livers showed enrichment for T cells and B lineage cells. Proteomic comparison of liver tissue from cases and healthy controls identified increased expression of HLA class 2, immunoglobulin variable regions and complement proteins. HAdV and AAV2 proteins were not detected in the livers. Instead, we identified AAV2 DNA complexes reflecting both HAdV-mediated and HHV-6B-mediated replication. We hypothesize that high levels of abnormal AAV2 replication products aided by HAdV and, in severe cases, HHV-6B may have triggered immune-mediated hepatic disease in genetically and immunologically predisposed children.

Energy consumed by trams is studied in many papers, with a wide diversity of approaches regarding how to model and solve this problem. A novel approach to modeling the power consumption of trams is presented in this paper. To identify the unknown parameters influencing the rolling resistance force acting on the tram, it is necessary to measure the power consumption and speed of a single tram (or multiple trams if there are different car types in operation). The developed model of the tram is calibrated with data from the Sarajevo tram system. Simulation results are compared with measurements and a good correlation was obtained. The power consumption model of the tram with identified parameters can be further used to develop a framework for the power consumption estimation of the traction substation.

Abstract More research on the medium- and long-term effects of childhood exposure to war, including orphanhood, is needed. We compared 50 orphans1 who lost their father during the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1992–1995) and 50 age- and sex-matched adolescents from two-parent families during 2011–2012 in terms of sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral/emotional problems, depression, resilience, maternal mental health, and perceived social support. The two groups differed on sociodemographic factors, that is, number of children, family composition, income, school grades, and refugeehood. Paternal war orphans did not differ in terms of adolescent mental health and resilience from their nonorphaned peers, controlling for sociodemographic variables. The mothers of orphans had comparably more posttraumatic psychopathology. As for perceived resources for social support, orphans identified those comparably more often among distant relatives and in the community, that is, religious officials and mental health professionals, and less often among siblings, paternal grandparents, paternal and maternal uncles/aunts, school friends and teachers. Our findings suggest that contextual factors may play an important role in orphans' postwar mental health.

Climate changes and the number of people in the world are increasingly affecting the environment. In order to reduce this impact, there are more and more alternatives to cars with internal combustion. Currently, the most used alternative is electric cars. This research aimed to rank electric cars according to their characteristics. It was selected 13 criteria according to which 20 alternatives were ranked. For this purpose, it was used two methods, DNMEREC (Double normalization Method based on the Removal Effects of Criteria) used to determine criterion weights objectively and DNCRADIS (Double normalization Compromise Ranking of Alternatives from Distance to Ideal Solution) method used to rank alternatives. Here, classical methods for multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) are extended to contribute to a more stable ranking of alternatives. Unlike similar approaches, the same normalization has been used here, but in two ways, which represents an innovative approach in MCDM. The results of this approach have shown that the best-ranked alternative is A6 (Sono Sion), while the worst-ranked alternative is A2 (Smart EQ forfour). These results were confirmed with a comparative analysis of the results obtained using other MCDM methods and sensitivity analysis. The validation of the results and the application of the Spearman correlation coefficient have shown that the ranking of the alternatives is uniform and more stable when double normalization is applied than when classical methods with their normalization are used. In addition, this decision-making provides support to potential buyers for choosing electric cars.

Background and Objectives: Gaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder with the genetic autosomal recessive transmission. Bone involvement is a prevalent finding in Gaucher disease. It causes deformity and limits daily activities and the quality of life. In 75% of patients, there is bone involvement. This review aims to evaluate the principal findings in the jaw by a Cone-beam computed tomography (CBTC) and X-ray orthopantomography; Materials and Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs and Scopus were systematically searched until 31 December 2022. In addition, a manual search was performed using the bibliography of selected articles and a Google Scholar search. Clinical studies were selected that considered principal radiographic findings in radiography in a group of patients affected by GD. Results: Out of 5079 papers, four studies were included. The main findings are generalized rarefaction and enlarged narrow space, anodontia. Conclusions: The exact mechanism of bone manifestation is probably due to the infiltration of Gaucher cells in the bone marrow and, consequently, the destruction of bone architecture. All long bones are a potential means of skeletal manifestation. The jaw is more affected than the maxilla, and the principal features are cortical thinning, osteosclerosis, pseudocystic lesions, mental demineralization, flattening in the head of the condyle, effacement of anatomical structures, thickening of maxillary sinus mucosa. The dentist plays a crucial role in diagnosing and treating these patients. Sometimes the diagnosis can be made by a simple panoramic radiograph. All long bones are affected, and the mandible is particularly involved.

Current monolithic quantum computer architectures have limited scalability. One promising approach for scaling them up is to use a modular or multi-core architecture, in which different quantum processors (cores) are connected via quantum and classical links. This new architectural design poses new challenges such as the expensive inter-core communication. To reduce these movements when executing a quantum algorithm, an efficient mapping technique is required. In this paper, a detailed critical discussion of the quantum circuit mapping problem for multi-core quantum computing architectures is provided. In addition, we further explore the performance of a mapping method, which is formulated as a partitioning over time graph problem, by performing an architectural scalability analysis.

Serum levels of testosterone (ST) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are generally associated with atherosclerosis in male patients over 50 years with critic iliac stenosis (TASC II A and B) and cardiovascular disease with significant changes in HDL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). In addition to the standard therapy, combined medicamentous therapy and adequate model of exercise are also important factors as medicines can improve HDL levels and primary bypass and endovascular potency impacting positively on improvement of ST or it can be the following testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) comprising cardiovascular disease prevention and vascular treatment as adjunct therapy options after endovascular and vascular surgical procedures. The aim of the study is to identify the association between HDL and ST after surgical and endovascular intervention on the iliac segment (TASCII A and B), as well as cardiovascular risk factors with modified medium activity (MET) <6 with short interval increase over >6 (MET), with total duration of 30–60 minutes. It also attempts to remodel a patient behavioral pattern, optimize ST levels and link them to outcomes and patency of vascular procedures on the iliac segment. Materials and methods. 108 selected male patients with cardiovascular disease combined with metabolic syndrome and critical iliac artery stenosis (TASC II A and B) were examined during 2014–2018, 4 years after invasive and minimal invasive treatment (54 patients were treated with surgical Dacron reconstruction and 54 patients – with endovascular treatment on short segment of critical iliac artery stenosis (TASC II A and B). Results. In the total population, no difference was observed in changes of constraint-induced movement therapy between the standard exercise group and the control one after 4 years from baseline. However, there was no significant interaction between the effect of exercise trainings and primary bypass potency within 4 years. Conclusions. Primary effects of endovascular procedure and Dacron bypass revascularization raise the risk of elevated testosterone levels after 4 years of group training but does not provide adequate answers to questions as to whether higher levels of ST have any major influence on primary bypass potency preventing further progression of cardiovascular disease and general symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerosis. However, exercise and TRT can be potential adjunctive therapeutic options for a future supporting postsurgical and endovascular illiac treatment in cardiovascular patients with low testosterone levels.

This article aims to highlight how Islamic Religious Education in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a country of rich cultural and religious diversity, promotes and advocates intercultural values of diversity, tolerance, solidarity, peace and dialogue in the context of contribution to intercultural values in pluralistic European cultures. This article also emphasizes the growing need to raise inclusive religious and intercultural awareness. Further, this article provides a content analysis of the BH unified curriculum of confessional Islamic Religious Education (IRE), a subject that is incorporated in all state-maintained schools, as well as the analyses of intercultural values embedded in Islamic higher education programs of the Faculty of Islamic Studies at the University of Sarajevo, which prepares religious education teachers and mu’allims. The purpose of this article is also to review the practices and projects which center around the intercultural and interreligious development of teachers and students through practical experience with intercultural dialogue.

Metastatic melanoma evolution was illustrated through research autopsy and extensive multiomic profiling and revealed the diverse routes to treatment resistance, including extensive copy-number alterations, mutations in key drivers, and extrachromosomal DNA.