The paper investigates the effects of digitalization on teaching and educational processes and the possible negative effects that these processes have. For the Sarajevo Canton and the rest of Bosnia and Herzegovina, digitalization in education has already begun and it is important to fully understand the potential threats it poses. Decision-making processes were a human competence where different programs were used only as a tool to aid the process of reaching the best decisions. Today, algorithms are decision-makers where humans perform tasks of justifying algorithm’s decisions and preventing the upheaval caused by the increasing social inequality caused by algorithmicizing. The main argument is that of higher education without understanding of the underlining algorithmicizing of its processes could consequently lead to social inequality and wrong decisions. On the other hand, the lack of awareness of accelerated digitization can lead to lagging behind in digitization processes and loss of competitiveness in an increasingly global university market. This paper explains algorithmic intermediation and remodeling of decision-making values and points out threats and needs in the higher education. It should serve educational institutions and policy makers as a guideline in the adoption of future strategies on digitization processes in higher education as well as provide the base for future discussions focusing on Global Digitization Trends within the Bosnian and Herzegovinian higher education area and its policies, laws, and strategies with a recommendation for the Digitization Action Plan in higher education in Canton Sarajevo.

The leading argument of this article is that status issues of academic staff in the context of quality assurance should be addressed through the application of comparative law, respecting the guarantee of academic autonomy, principles of academic freedom, academic self-government, pluralism of scientific disciplines and preservation of scientific production of national importance. All of the above is correlated with the creation of an environment in which the criteria for academic advancement will be more demanding than the existing ones, while respecting the overall valorization of academic work. Changes in normative frameworks must be aimed at better quality research and teaching work and stronger competitiveness of the University of Sarajevo in the European environment. Reforms need to be implemented thoughtfully, based on analyzes with identified problems and goals to be achieved, taking into account the BiH social context and the current general legal framework in which the University of Sarajevo exists, as the largest and most important higher education institution in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The development of the teaching profession is considered a key prerequisite and the most important link in the process of improving and raising the quality of the educational system in BiH. The reform of education through various phases has lasted for almost two decades, it has set a number of challenges and expectations for teachers, who bear the greatest burden in the implementation of reform processes. Only quality teachers can educate holistically oriented students willing to live and nurture values, possess 21st century skills and be able to bring about change that will be geared towards development and progress. Occupational standards represent a harmonized minimum of best practice in accordance with needs occupations within the defined legal framework. Accordingly, the Occupational Standard for Teachers is a list of key tasks that teachers perform within their profession, and the competencies needed to perform them effectively. The Occupational standard represents the link between initial teacher education and the labor market, offering a clear framework for the organization and development of the teaching profession. The aim of the paper is to present the concept and methodology of developing the Teacher Occupation Standards and Teacher Qualification Standards, created in the TABLA project, to explain the role and function of occupational / qualification standards that define teacher work through prominent elements of high quality and efficient teaching in the 21st century. students at teacher training colleges. In addition to the above, the paper will explain the relationship between the Occupational / Qualification Standards and the continuum of competencies on the example of the Teacher Module - Common Core Curriculum (CPL) based on learning outcomes, which as such should be implemented in all teacher education programs. The conclusion of the paper indicates the contribution of the Teacher Occupation Standard and the Qualification Standard teachers, created in the TABLA project, in defining a clear and uniform training of teachers during initial education, and establishing a transparent and objective system for monitoring, self-assessment, teacher evaluation and their advancement in the profession.

Open science includes open access to publications, research data and open educational content, open science redefines the whole process of scientific communication by encouraging dialogue, open review, open sources and tools. Demanding processes of digital transformation of scientific communication require significant support of academic libraries in the processes of advocacy and implementation of open science. Academic libraries in this context, and among other things, need to be recognized as indispensable partners in various open access initiatives at higher education institutions. In this regard, the aim of this research is to establish the specifics and current trends of e-publishing at the University of Sarajevo (UNSA), collect data on active open access journals published by UNSA organizational units, by website content analysis method, and in conclusion to address the benefits of cooperation with libraries of scientific institutions in planning the publishing of scientific journals in open access, as a segment of open science.

The article analyzes the role of higher education institutions in developing and improving sustainable competencies, particularly emphasizing the presence of sustainable development goals in the bachelor programs of the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Sarajevo. The authors have analyzed the compatibility of learning outcomes of bachelor programs with sustainable competencies. This analysis showed that the learning outcomes of the six programs were partially aligned with sustainable competencies. In addition to the analysis of learning outcomes, authors have analyzed the presence of the sustainable development goals in thematic units, and they have found that out of 143 courses, 74 courses contain thematic units related to sustainable development goals. Based on this analysis, it was determined that all sustainable development goals were covered within 74 courses. The research results were used to prepare recommendations for improving bachelor programs.

According to the WHO data from May 2022, the COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health crisis with more than 515 million infected and over 6 million deaths as a result of COVID-19. Just over 11.5 billion vaccines have been administered to prevent severe disease and mortality from SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to that, COVID-19 had dramatic effects on all aspects of the society, including the fundamental factors of its functionality - education and health, preventing the continuity of its "normal" functioning. Crisis management measures have had more or less successful results in different countries, but no health system has been able to fully address the effects of the pandemic on the health of the population. The course of the epidemiological crisis and the success of the implementation of global vaccination measures are directly related to the adaptability of individual societies / its capacity to change and adapt. in analyzing the situation and predicting the course of the pandemic. Analytical ability, reliability of prediction, but also flexibility of legislative and executive power, are the most prominent parameters of a society that is ready for the unpredictability of the course and outcome of the global social crisis caused by the pandemic. In the local concept of the development of higher education until 2030, it is necessary to include the mentioned, global principles of adaptability to crises in all spheres of social activity. One of the most powerful instruments of social understanding is education, and here lies the potential of society to adapt and change in order to adapt to the challenges of the modern world through the acceptance of values and norms based on knowledge.

The curriculum of the University of Sarajevo Faculty of Architecture (UNSA AF) has evolved from a predominantly theoretical framework and setting imaginary tasks to recognizing and adequately responding to current topics and real social problems. However, the inert institutional character is noticeable, limiting the academic community's timely response to urgent challenges and societal changes. To eliminate the identified shortcomings and improve the education process, the Faculty of Architecture has undertaken several activities in cooperation with partnering institutions in BiH and the EU, resulting in critical self-evaluation and novel guidelines. Previous examples of collaboration with industry illustrate possible ways to improve the quality of education and raise student competencies. The newly designed ERASMUS + project “APLE” (2022) aims to integrate practice and cooperation with the real sector to transfer (applicable) knowledge into the teaching process. New formats of interaction with the real and public sector “ARCHIPRAXIS” are envisaged as a testing ground for implementing various ideas. This paper aims to present the importance and modalities of incorporating the practical component into the process of student education and the actualization of global topics in the local context. It also wants to point out the inertia and shortcomings in the existing academic procedures at different levels, which should be valorized as extracurricular activities. The experience gained, i.e., "lessons learned," should serve all actors involved in the educational process: academia, and industry, to the broader community to create a better framework for acquiring and applying knowledge.

At the beginning of the 21st century, environmental issues became leaders in all areas of human activity without competition. All other essential topics: health, food, energy, water, and air, are predominantly determined by environmental problems. Climate change is a result of excessive CO2 emissions due to the greenhouse effect, air pollution as a result of emissions of harmful substances by thermal power plants, chemical plants, heating boilers, individual furnaces, means of transport; pollution of drinking water, pollution and devastation of arable land, destruction of forests, pollution of rivers due to inadequate wastewater treatment, etc. are problems that require a radical change in man's attitude towards the environment, which leads to the need to reconsider and change the current way of doing business. The paper analyzes the impact of scientific achievements in electrical engineering on the accelerated industrial growth that has led to today's environmental problems. Industrial development is explored in phases (Industry 1.0, Industry 2.0, Industry 3.0, Industry 4.0) regarding the impact of radical changes in doing business. Since we are now in phase 4, the dominant topics are energy transition, energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, recycling, innovation, electric vehicles, networking, Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and 5G. Although all the above topics are multidisciplinary, a significant share of electrical engineering is clear. Existing plans and programs in electrical engineering, whether based on the traditional model of education or in the process of innovation, are adapted to new technological trends. As a rule, little or no importance is attached to environmental issues. As one of the answers to the mentioned problem at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo, a new course, “Sustainable Development” was included. The paper briefly describes the content of this course.

While distributed generators (DGs) can reduce carbon dioxide emissions, they can also cause disturbances and lead to power quality (PQ) issues, with harmonic voltages being an important parameter to consider. In this paper, the impact of 14 connected photovoltaics (PVs) and a small hydropower plant (sHPP) on harmonic voltage distortions in a real medium voltage (MV) and low voltage (LV) distribution network in Bosnia and Herzegovina was analyzed. Simulation tools carried out by DigSILENT PowerFactory offer a wide range of advantages that give system operators the ability to have insight into PQ behavior in the presence of intermittent renewable energy sources (RES). Due to the inverter-based electricity generation, PV power plants inject harmonics into the LV network. The impact is relatively small and does not violate the limits from the European PQ standard EN 50160 due to the relatively small power of the modelled existing PVs. However, integrating additional PVs could lead to a violation of limits. Therefore, where a large power of PV power plants is installed, if it is possible to integrate sHPP, they will contribute to the reduction of generated harmonics without the need to reduce the power of PV. The contribution of this paper is that it compares the impact of different power generation technologies on harmonic voltages using data from a real network rather than a test network.

Control design for multi-rotor aerial vehicles (MAVs) is quite challenging problem due to their nonlinearitles, unknown dynamics, parametric uncertainties, an underactuated property, a nonlinear coupling dynamics and external disturbances. This paper introduces a first order sliding mode control (FOSMC) for robust stabilization of an under-actuated quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) operating in the presence of external disturbances. The proposed FOSMC guarantees a finite time convergence of the system trajectories to the sliding surface. Obtained simulations show that the FOSM based approach improves robustness properties compared with the concurrent techniques, and enhance tracking performance of the quad-rotor UAV exposed to external disturbances.

Purpose Sustainable development goals (SDGs) are gaining significant importance in the current environment. Many businesses are keen to adopt SDGs to get a competitive edge. There are certain challenges in realigning the present working scenario for sustainable development, which is a primary concern for society. Various firms are adopting sustainable engineering (SE) practices to tackle such issues. Artificial intelligence (AI) is an emerging technology that can help the ineffective adoption of sustainable practices in an uncertain environment. In this regard, there is a need to review the current research practices in the field of SE in AI. The purpose of the present study is to comprehensive review the research trend in the field of SE in AI. Design/methodology/approach This work presents a review of AI applications in SE for decision-making in an uncertain environment. SCOPUS database was considered for shortlisting the articles. Specific keywords on AI, SE and decision-making were given, and a total of 127 articles were shortlisted after implying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings Bibliometric study and network analyses were performed to analyse the current research trends and to see the research collaboration between researchers and countries. Emerging research themes were identified by using structural topic modelling (STM) and were discussed further. Research limitations/implications Research propositions corresponding to each research theme were presented for future research directions. Finally, the implications of the study were discussed. Originality/value This work presents a systematic review of articles in the field of AI applications in SE with the help of bibliometric study, network analyses and STM.

An interlaboratory comparison (ILC) was organised to characterise 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios in geological and industrial reference materials by applying the so‐called conventional method for determining 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios. Four cements (VDZ 100a, VDZ 200a, VDZ 300a, IAG OPC‐1), one limestone (IAG CGL ML‐3) and one slate (IAG OU‐6) reference materials were selected, covering a wide range of naturally occurring Sr isotopic signatures. Thirteen laboratories received aliquots of these six reference materials together with a detailed technical protocol. The consensus values for the six reference materials and their associated measurement uncertainties were obtained by applying a Gaussian, linear mixed effects model fitted to all the measurement results. By combining the consensus values and their uncertainties with an uncertainty contribution for potential heterogeneity, reference values ranging from 0.708134 mol mol‐1 to 0.729778 mol mol‐1 were obtained with relative expanded uncertainties of ≤ 0.007 %. This study represents an ILC on conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratios, within which metrological principles were considered and the compatibility of measurement results obtained by MC‐ICP‐MS and by MC‐TIMS is demonstrated. The materials characterised in this study can be used as reference materials for validation and quality control purposes and to estimate measurement uncertainties in conventional 87Sr/86Sr isotope ratio measurement.

This paper introduces a novel approach for state-space representation of linear time invariant (LTI) systems, so-called Future Inputs Elimination (FIE) method. It can be applied to single-input-single-output (SISO) or multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, continuous-time or discrete-time systems, whose dynamic equations are coupled or separated (uncoupled) in terms of their inputs and outputs. The FIE method closely parallels to the controllable canonical method when restricted to a class of SISO LTI systems. Moreover, it retains an easy implementation and effortless computation even for a class of MIMO LTI systems. The proposed approach may be used for representation of LTI systems with multiple or complex-conjugate poles. Many representative numerical examples are provided in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the elimination state-space method for representation of both SISO and MIMO LTI systems.

Aims: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive multisystem disease caused by a mutation of the CFTR gene. To date, more than 1900 mutations of this gene are known. Studies have shown that the most common mutation is delF508. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the prevalence of individual mutations in the general population has not been thoroughly studied, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of the mutation concerning the countries of the region and the rest of the world. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Thirty-nine subjects with suspected Cystic fibrosis were referred to the Center for Genetics of the Medical Faculty in Sarajevo between 2018-2020. Methodology: 29 common CFTR gene mutations were analysed with the ELUCIGENE CF29 v2 kit (Elucigene Diagnostics, UK) using four multiplex PCR. Results: The most common mutation in our study was the F508 deletion, present in 14 subjects (73.68%). R347P and G542X mutations were confirmed in two subjects in the heterozygous state in combination with delF508 (M) 5.26% of each of these mutations. 621+1G>T was found in a homozygous state in one subject, while in another, it was in a heterozygous state in combination with delF508(M) mutation, 10.52%. Mutation 2184 delA was found in one subject in the homozygous state with a total frequency of 5.26%. Conclusion: Subjects with cystic fibrosis in Bosnia and Herzegovina are most often carriers of the delF508 mutation. Considering the existence of many mutations and that it is difficult to test them all, targeting the most common mutations in a clinical environment might help in approving therapy, and increasing patients’ quality of life.