The development of technology has influenced changes in agricultural production. Farmers are increasingly using modern devices and machinery that provide valuable information, and to manage this information effectively, it is necessary to use specialized applications. This research aims to evaluate various applications and determine which one is most suitable for small- and medium-sized farmers to adopt in precision agriculture. This research employed expert decision-making to determine the importance of criteria and evaluate applications using linguistic values. Due to the presence of uncertainty in decision-making, an interval type-2 fuzzy (IT2F) set was used, which addresses this problem through the support of a membership function. This approach allows for the display of uncertainty and imprecision using an interval rather than a single exact value. This enables a more flexible and realistic representation of ratings, leading to more confident decision-making. These membership functions are formed in such a way that there is symmetry around the central linguistic value. To use this approach, the SiWeC (simple weight calculation) and CORASO (compromise ranking from alternative solutions) methods were adapted. The results of the IT2F SiWeC method revealed that the most important criteria for experts are data accuracy, efficiency, and simplicity. The results of the IT2F CORASO method displayed that the A3 application delivers the best results, confirmed by additional analyses. This research has indicated that digital tools, in the form of applications, can be effectively used in small- and medium-scale precision agriculture production.

The progress of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the process of EU integrations can be described as slow and difficult. Many reasons contribute to such development, starting with political instability. However, even in the case of absence of political difficulties, certain features of the constitutional and legal system of the country make decision-making at state level and conducting necessary reforms slow and ineffective. Bosnia and Herzegovina’s constitution is a part of a Dayton Peace Agreement, which was a result of long peace negotiations to end one of the bloodiest conflicts in the 1990’s. It achieved in stopping the conflict, but inserted many features which make reforms difficult, such as complicated decision-making process, fragmented state apparatus and division of competences between different levels of government. One of the features of the constitutional system is the set of group rights belonging to the so-called constituent peoples. The principle foresees certain procedural rules related to the parity in appointment of officials as well as necessary quotas and veto powers in the decision-making process in the legislative and executive bodies. Primarily seen as a compromise to bring back inter-ethnic trust, in recent years, it has been increasingly seen by European Institutions such as European Court of Human Rights and the European Commission, as discriminatory and ineffective, hampering the progress of the state on its path to EU integration. The European Court of Human Rights has in multiple cases described the realization of principle of constituent peoples as contrary to human rights standards. On the other hand, the EU institutions, such as European Commission, in its assessments of the readiness of Bosnia and Herzegovina to progress in EU integrations and potentially become a EU Member state, has pointed to the fact that realization of the principle is detrimental to the decision-making process. The non-compliance with the European Court of Human Rights decisions related to the discriminatory nature of the principle, has slowed the country’s EU integration process, even in the stage of signing of the Stabilization and Association Agreement, as is still an outstanding obligation.  All of that is negatively impacting institutional frameworks aimed at devising and implementing necessary reforms on the EU integration path. This article analyses the position of the principle of “constituent peoples” in the legal system of the country and its evaluation by the European institutions as detrimental to country’s progress.

Every day, new discoveries are made by researchers from all across the globe and fields. HICSS is a flagship venue to present and discuss such scientific advances. Yet, the activities carried out for any given research can hardly be fully contained in a single document of a few pages-the"paper."Indeed, any given study entails data, artifacts, or other material that is crucial to truly appreciate the contributions claimed in the corresponding paper. External repositories (e.g., GitHub) are a convenient tool to store all such resources so that future work can freely observe and build upon them -- thereby improving transparency and promoting reproducibility of research as a whole. In this work, we scrutinize the extent to which papers recently accepted to HICSS leverage such repositories to provide supplementary material. To this end, we collect all the 5579 papers included in HICSS proceedings from 2017-2024. Then, we identify those entailing either human subject research (850) or technical implementations (737), or both (147). Finally, we review their text, examining how many include a link to an external repository-and, inspect its contents. Overall, out of 2028 papers, only 3\% have a functional and publicly available repository that is usable by downstream research. We release all our tools.

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming human decision-making by acting as cognitive collaborators. Yet, this promise comes with a paradox: while LLMs can improve accuracy, they may also erode independent reasoning, promote over-reliance and homogenize decisions. In this paper, we investigate how LLMs shape human judgment in security-critical contexts. Through two exploratory focus groups (unaided and LLM-supported), we assess decision accuracy, behavioral resilience and reliance dynamics. Our findings reveal that while LLMs enhance accuracy and consistency in routine decisions, they can inadvertently reduce cognitive diversity and improve automation bias, which is especially the case among users with lower resilience. In contrast, high-resilience individuals leverage LLMs more effectively, suggesting that cognitive traits mediate AI benefit.

Early elementary education represents a critical period for the development of foundational reading and mathematics skills. This study investigated the relative contributions of teacher ratings, cognitive abilities, fine motor skills, and gender to academic achievement in a sample of 129 primary school students (Grades 2–5; M age = 9.1 years, SD = 1.2; 68 girls). Reading and mathematics performance were assessed using decoding and arithmetic tasks, respectively. Predictor variables included teacher ratings of academic performance, processing speed, visual-spatial working memory, fine motor speed, visuomotor integration, and gender. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that teacher ratings were the strongest predictors of reading achievement but were less predictive of mathematics outcomes. Processing speed significantly predicted both reading and mathematics performance. Working memory showed no significant effect on mathematics and a negative association with reading after motor skills were included in the model, suggesting a suppression effect. Fine motor skills emerged as unique contributors to reading, but not mathematics, highlighting their specific relevance for literacy acquisition. Gender differences were observed only in mathematics, where boys outperformed girls; no significant gender effect was found for reading. These findings highlight the importance of integrating teacher evaluations with cognitive and motor assessments to gain a better understanding of early academic achievement.

Introduction The 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines introduced stricter low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, particularly for patients at high and very high cardiovascular (CV) risk. However, data on the implementation of these targets in real-world clinical practice—especially in countries with high/very high CV risk—remain limited. The DISCOVERY study aimed to assess LDL-C management, lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) use, and guideline adherence across multiple countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Methods This prospective, observational, multicenter study enrolled adult patients with hypercholesterolemia (HCL) from 10 countries grouped into three regions. Data was collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of follow-up. LLT patterns, LDL-C levels, target attainment (both investigator-defined and 2019 ESC/EAS-recommended), and physician adherence to guidelines were analyzed. Results A total of 6,447 patients were included; 53.2% were female, and the mean age was 60.5 ± 11.9 years. Most patients (66%) were in secondary prevention. At baseline, 36.8% had been treated with LLT. After the first visit, treatment was changed in 78% of patients, but only 42.4% received high-intensity statins and 9.3% received statin-ezetimibe combinations at follow-up. LDL-C target achievement was poor: only 5.6% of patients met the guideline-recommended LDL-C goals, compared to 45.5% who met physician-defined targets. Among patients with ASCVD, only 3.3% achieved guideline LDL-C targets. The most significant gap was observed between guideline recommendations and physician-set LDL-C goals. No significant difference in LDL-C target attainment was observed between specialists and general practitioners. Discussion The DISCOVERY study reveals suboptimal LDL-C control and low adherence to the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines in routine practice across countries with high/very high CV risk. These findings highlight the urgent need for strategies to improve physician awareness, promote intensive LLT use, and close the gap between guidelines and clinical practice. A paradigm shift toward proactive LDL-C management is essential to reduce residual CV risk in these populations.

The specificity of the business of agro-food companies is that their products have little or no impact on the environment. However, environmental pollution of these products is caused by the use of packaging. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the principles of the circular economy in the business of companies. Applying green packaging that has little or no impact on the environment helps in preserving the environment. Companies usually purchase packaging from suppliers and therefore, it is necessary to choose the right supplier from which to purchase green packaging to support the implementation of the circular economy. The aim of this research is to select a green packaging supplier for company X in order to influence the development of a circular economy in the company’s business. Based on this, the following research question is considered in this paper: how can the selection of a green packaging supplier influence the implementation of a circular economy at company X? The research covers ten criteria used in this selection, with which eight suppliers were observed. Because every decision-making process in the economy is characterized by risk and insecurity that affects the uncertainty in decision-making, an intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) was used. Determining the importance of weights was performed directly based on the ratings of the decision-maker (DM) and the steps of the SiWeC (Simple Weight Calculation) method, as well as using the Entropy method. The compromise results of these methods showed that the most important criteria for assessing the life cycle of packaging are transparency and ethics in business. The ranking of suppliers was carried out using the TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method and its results showed that supplier 5 is the first choice for establishing long-term cooperation in the procurement of green packaging.

This paper examines the status and potential of gender studies programs at the University of Sarajevo. It presents the history of gender/women's/feminist studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a primary focus on the postgraduate and doctoral gender studies programs. The postgraduate program in "Gender Studies" was offered from 2006 to 2012, while in 2013, a doctoral program in "Gender Studies" was launched, admitting only the first generation of students. Through an analysis of relevant documents, including curricula, announcements, reports, and other supporting materials, the key aspects of the program are discussed—from the content of the courses to institutional and economic barriers. The study identifies circumstances that have negatively impacted the further development and institutionalization of the program, as well as links to a decline in student interest, limited financial resources, program expenditures, and the commercialization of the program at the University of Sarajevo. Although the "Gender Studies" program formally exists and represents the only such educational program at the University of Sarajevo and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, no calls for new admissions have been made for over a decade. This analysis invites a discussion on the potential for reactivating the program, with the aim of advancing gender studies in the academic context of the country.

Abstract Background and purpose Due to their unique application and action, inhalation products require specific quality tests, such as Uniformity of Delivered Dose and Aerodynamic Assessment of Fine Particles. While there's no current official requirement for dissolution tests, new draft guidelines are introducing them as a supportive or required measure; however, a universally accepted methodology for such testing remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the discriminatory ability and in vivo predictability of the newly developed dissolution assembly. Experimental approach The applied experimental approach to biopharmaceutical characterization of inhalation products involved developing a biorelevant method for testing the dissolution rate of the selected active substances. Seven commercially available products, formulated as pressurized metered dose inhalers, containing either salmeterol xinafoate or beclomethasone dipropionate, have been studied. The research strategy combined in vitro testing within silico simulations. Key results The developed dissolution method did not detect significant differences in the case of products containing highly soluble salmeterol, but it did reveal differences for products containing poorly soluble beclomethasone dipropionate. Moreover, a correlation was identified between the dissolution test results and absorption constants for beclomethasone dipropionate. Conclusion The obtained results indicated that the investigated products would not be considered bioequivalent based on the aerodynamic particle size distribution. It was demonstrated that a discriminative dissolution method can be developed through a well-established paradigm of dissolution testing, while taking into account the specificities of the inhalation route of administration.

The digital era generates extremely complex transformative processes in educational institutions, particularly universities worldwide. We are witnessing a transformation of the entire concept of knowledge and the understanding of its purpose and role. The implementation of digital resources and platforms opens up a whole network of possibilities for greater access to knowledge/information and global connectivity among academic communities. Tools such as online libraries, digital databases, digital archives, and various platforms for virtual collaboration are now available to students and educators. However, with this progress come significant challenges and open questions, especially for the social sciences and humanities. These disciplines face a dilemma: will the digital transformation advance or marginalize them? Digital platforms offer advantages in terms of accessibility and innovation, but they also bring dangers. It is inevitable that digital platforms enable faster access to information and innovative teaching approaches, but they also carry numerous risks for the future of education as a whole. There is an increasing trend of pronounced marginalization of the social sciences and humanities, partly as a consequence of the strong focus on STEM disciplines, which are often at the center of attention due to their technological nature and the profit they generate. Moreover, the hegemony of capital-interest trends, which favor technical and market-oriented approaches to education, threatens the traditional mission of universities as spaces for the development and generation of healthy trends in contextual critical thinking. Profit-oriented concepts of education, supported by neoliberal ideology, focus on technological and market-valuable disciplines, while the social sciences and humanities risk being pushed aside. There is a clear trend of favoring various forms/models of hybrid teaching, which combine online and in-person lectures. The loss of physical interaction can negatively affect the development of critical thinking and dynamic discussion in the social sciences and humanities. At universities that have historically been bastions of critical thinking, neoliberal pressures, and direct attacks on critical/liberatory thought are supported by rapidly growing concepts of exclusively profit-oriented paradigms of rationality. Additionally, the digitalization of education and the digital transformation raise the question of the future of the concept of the "knowledge society," which is increasingly being profaned. In this context, the "knowledge society" becomes a concept losing its authenticity, as knowledge is increasingly used as a means for market prosperity, rather than as a tool for the development of broader societal progress. Controlled neoliberal societies, driven by the hegemony of capital-interest trends, increasingly influence the direction of university development, leading to attacks on critical thought.

The Institute for Literary and Cultural Studies of the NIRSA Center of the University of Sarajevo – Faculty of Philosophy, and the Department of Comparative Literature and Information Sciences, University of Sarajevo – Faculty of Philosophy, organized on 19 April 2024 an international scientific conference "Engaged Art", held at the University of Sarajevo – Faculty of Philosophy. Seventeen authors from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Croatia, and Montenegro participated in this scientific conference. We are pleased to publish nine scientific papers that were developed after presentations at this gathering.