Abstract This article focuses on the allocation of subnational aid from Central European donors and Serbia to Bosnia & Hercegovina between 2005 and 2020. Spatial and statistical analyses revealed different patterns of aid distribution among municipalities in Bosnia & Hercegovina. Two of the seven donors studied—Croatia and Serbia—showed a clear bias in favour of their ethnic minorities in Bosnia & Hercegovina. For other Central European donors there was a general tendency to provide less aid to municipalities with more Croats. The relationship between variables approximating recipients’ needs and Central European aid was weak or insignificant.

Analysis of conversions between compressional and shear waves is a workhorse method for constraining crustal and lithospheric structure on Earth; yet, such converted waves have not been unequivocally identified in seismic data from the largest events on the Moon, due to the highly scattered waveforms of shallow seismic events. We reanalyze the polarization attributes of waveforms recorded by the Apollo seismic network to identify signals with rectilinear particle motion below 1 Hz, arising from conversions across the crust‐mantle boundary. Delay times of these converted waves are inverted to estimate crustal thickness and wavespeeds beneath the seismometers. Combined with gravimetric modeling, these new crustal thickness tie‐points yield an updated lunar crustal model with an average thickness of 29–47 km. Unlike previous models, ours include explicit uncertainty estimates, offering critical context for future lunar missions, geophysical studies, and predicting 15–36 km crust at Schrödinger and 29–52 km at Artemis III sites.

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG), the most abundant by-product from breweries, is mainly discarded or used as animal feed. However, to increase the brewing sustainability, biotechnological utilization of BSG is a much preferred solution. This study examined the fermentation of BSG, composed of old wheat bread and barley malt, by metabolic activity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on both hydrolyzed and non-hydrolyzed media. Enzymatic hydrolysis with Viscozyme® W FG for 6 h was selected as the most effective and was used in the further research step to prepare the hydrolyzed BSG-based medium. Both media supported almost uniform yeast growth (numbers of S. cerevisiae cells was about 8 log10 CFU/g) in an acidic environment (pH value was about 5), but fermentation of hydrolyzed BSG resulted in 20% higher sugar consumption and 10% higher total titratable acidity. These findings underscore the potential of enzymatic pretreatment to improve fermentation performance. The adaptability of S. cerevisiae and the fermentability of both substrates suggest promising potential for scalable BSG valorization strategies in circular food systems.

We introduce ManifoldMind, a probabilistic geometric recommender system for exploratory reasoning over semantic hierarchies in hyperbolic space. Unlike prior methods with fixed curvature and rigid embeddings, ManifoldMind represents users, items, and tags as adaptive-curvature probabilistic spheres, enabling personalised uncertainty modeling and geometry-aware semantic exploration. A curvature-aware semantic kernel supports soft, multi-hop inference, allowing the model to explore diverse conceptual paths instead of overfitting to shallow or direct interactions. Experiments on four public benchmarks show superior NDCG, calibration, and diversity compared to strong baselines. ManifoldMind produces explicit reasoning traces, enabling transparent, trustworthy, and exploration-driven recommendations in sparse or abstract domains.

It can be stated that quality is an integral part of our daily life. All people constantly insist on quality in certain areas of life, which indicates that quality can be found in all segments in which a person work. The main objective of this study is to examine the satisfaction of clients/users with the services of spa centers. The basic research methods used are: synthesis, analysis, induction and deduction, comparative and statistical methods. The collection of primary data was carried out through an online survey, which contains a standardized scale (SERVQUAL). The correlation analysis confirms the general objective, so it can be concluded that the Pearson coefficient is -0.158, from which it follows that there is a very weak negative correlation between these two variables. It is concluded that sociodemographic factors do not at all influence the attitude of respondents about the quality of service of spa resorts. But, Pearson coefficient indicates a high degree of correlation between respondents' satisfaction with the quality of service in sparesorts and other factors. There is a very high degree of correlation between respondents' satisfaction with service quality and other factors -81%, which have an impact on the respondents' satisfaction with thequality of service in the spa: the first contact in the spa, the reason for coming to the spa, the distance from home to the spa, travel time and the manner the therapy is introduced. Key words: Quality, safety of services, spa resorts, Bosnia and Herzegovina

The paper aims to identify and analyze effective strategies aimed at managing autistic behaviorand learning barriers. A qualitative analysis of the relevant scientific and professional literature published in the last decade was carried out, and after screening, 41 papers were included in thematic analysis. Strategies are divided into six categories: Behavioral interventions and behavior management, Education of children and youth with ASD and the empowerment of educators, Teaching social skills, Sensory integration therapies, Digital and assistive technologies, and Transition support. All included strategies are evidence-based practices (EBPs). The literature review confirms that there is no universal approach in working with children and youth with ASD. Still, successful intervention is based on the application of a combination of strategies adapted to the individual needs of students, the educational environment, and developmental goals. Despite the multitude of strategies at a given setting's disposal effective implementation of EBPs is often thwarted by system, school, and individual factors suchas limited resources, training, as well as consistency across environments. By addressing these challenges in a comprehensive manner—through inclusive pedagogy, adaptive technology, and collaborative support systems—we can bridge the research-practice gapand provide rich, enabling learning experiences for students with autism spectrum disorders. Key words: autism, learning strategies, behavior management, learning barriers

The aim of this research was to determine differences in the levels of anxiety, depression, perceived stress, and quality of life among parents of children with different developmental difficulties (intellectual disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, and cerebral palsy). The sample consisted of 104 parents, the majority of whom were female (85.6%). Most parents reported that their child had an autism spectrum disorder (45.2%), while the rest reported Down syndrome (29.8%) and cerebral palsy (25.0%). The following instruments were used for the purposes of the research: Demographic Data Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Family Quality of Life Scale (FQoL), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Statistical data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that parents of children with cerebral palsy exhibit statistically significantly higher levels of anxiety, depression, and perceived stress compared to parents of children with autism and Down syndrome. These findings confirm previous research on the impact of the complexity of motor impairments on the psychological state of parents and highlight the need for targeted psychosocial support for this population. On the other hand, the study did not show statistically significant differences in the perception of overall quality of life among parents, regardless of the type of their child's difficulty. This result implies that factors such as family support, adopted coping mechanisms, and the degree of acceptance of the situation may play a key role in maintaining the subjective sense of life homeostasis. Keywords:parents, developmental difficulties, anxiety, depression, quality of life.

This scientific research work investigates the social and legal protection of unaccompanied and separated children from the population of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers in the municipality of Velika Kladušafrom 2019 to 2022. The research is based on data collected from government records, reports from non-governmental organizations and interviews with key actors, including social workers, lawyers and representatives of civil society organizations. The research reveals that unaccompanied and separated children in Velika Kladuša face significant challenges in accessing social and legal protection. Many of these children experience trauma, violence and exploitation during the journey, but also in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and continue to face significant risks and vulnerabilities upon arrival. Despite the established legal and political frameworks for the protection of these children, the ability of institutions and services to respond to their needs is limited, and many children fall through gaps in the system.The research highlights the need for increased resources, funding and training for institutions and service providers working with unaccompanied and separated children. It also highlights the importance of a holistic, child-centred approach to social and legal protection, which takes into account the specific needs and vulnerabilities of this population. Ultimately, this research provides important insights and recommendations for improving the social and legal protection of unaccompanied and separated children in the municipality, and contributes to broader efforts to ensure the rights and well-being of all children on the move. Key words: unaccompanied and separated children, migrants, refugees, asylum seekers, social and legal protection, risks, vulnerabilities, institutions, services, capacities, child-centred approach, resources, policy frameworks, recommendations.

Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder face increased cardiovascular risk. This study examines shared genetic regions between post-traumatic stress disorder and 246 cardiovascular conditions across electronic health records, 82 cardiac imaging, and health behaviors defined by Life’s Essential 8. Post-traumatic stress disorder is genetically correlated with cardiovascular diagnoses in 33 regions, imaging traits in 4 regions, and health behaviors in 44 regions. Potentially shared causal variants between post-traumatic stress disorder and 17 cardiovascular conditions were observed in 11 regions. Subsequent observational analysis in AllofUS cohort showed post-traumatic stress disorder is associated with 13 diagnoses even after accounting for socioeconomic factors and depression. Genetically regulated proteome expression in brain and blood tissues identified 33 blood and 122 brain genes shared between the two conditions, revealing neuronal, immune, metabolic, and calcium-related mechanisms, with several genes as targets for existing drugs. These findings exhibit shared risk loci and genes are involved in tissue-specific mechanisms. Study shows PTSD predisposition shares distinct genes and genomic regions with several cardiovascular conditions. Here the findings reveal neuronal, immune, and metabolic pathways, and repurposed drug targets that further the understanding of the comorbidity.

This study examines the agreement between health-related quality of life assessments in children with cerebral palsy and their mothers, analyzes the relationship between functional domains (daily activities, mobility, pain, fatigue, nutrition, communication) and psychosocial health of the child from the perspectives of both children and mothers, and investigates the impact of maternal education level and family socioeconomic status on the psychosocial health of children as assessed by their mothers.The study involved 61 children with cerebral palsy, aged 5 to 18 years, along with their mothers who were the primary caregivers. Data were collected using validated instruments, includingthe PedsQL 4.0 and PedsQL 3.0 questionnaires, completed by both the children and their mothers. Socioeconomic status was determined using the Hollingshead index, and statistical analysis—descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Spearman’s correlation)—was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 25.The results showed significant differences in quality of life assessments between children and their mothers, particularly in the domains of daily activities, school activities, mobility, and balance. Daily activities, mobility, and nutrition were correlated with the psychosocial health of children according to the children’s self-reports, while, according to mothers’ assessments, the strongest correlations were observed for daily activities and nutrition. Socioeconomic status and maternal education level did not have a significant association with the psychosocial health of children in this sample. The findings highlight the importance of considering the child’s perspective and focusing interventions on daily functioning. Keywords:cerebral palsy, quality of life, psychosocial health, daily activities, socioeconomic status

Procedural modeling methods are used to automatically generate virtual scenes. There is a large number of available top‐down methods for generating partial content for specific purposes. However, little research was done on enabling the generation of content in the presence of manually modeled elements, from the bottom‐up direction, or without significant assistance from the user. No existing approach provides a platform that can combine the results of different methods, which leaves them isolated. This paper presents an integration approach that generates complete virtual space organizations by combining the usage of top‐down and bottom‐up procedural generation of content, with support for the placement of manually modeled content. The integration is made possible by using shape conversion to match the input and output shape types of different methods. The evaluation of the proposed approach was performed on a 2D polygon dataset by using four different scenarios, validating that it works as intended. Additional testing was performed by using a case study of organizing 3D virtual space around the manually modeled element of virtual heritage Tašlihan to demonstrate all capabilities of the integration approach and the different outputs depending on the level of user interaction and the desired results.