The paper investigates the functional role of inbound tour operators in the urban and rural tourism development of Sarajevo Canton by analyzing relevant parameters such as their business dynamics and collaboration with stakeholders, products, the typology of tourists and stays, and the promotion and sustainability of the offerings. A survey and interviews were conducted with five inbound tour operators situated in the most prominent zone (Old Town with Baščaršija). The findings indicated a strong impact of the inbound tour operators on tourism spatial development, as they are pivotal in fostering stakeholders' collaboration and in marketing and selling local authentic products to international tourists. Their endeavors contribute to creating unforgettable tourist experiences in Sarajevo, particularly concerning city and dark tours, ecotourism, and crafts. Tourist products are disseminated through WOM, international fairs, and online platforms, targeting markets in the EU, the USA, and Canada. This approach enhances international cooperation and promotes the destination's tourism. Inbound tour operators exhibit a positive business trend, although there are notable disparities in the level of collaboration with stakeholders and the focus of policies. Certain areas of action have been overlooked, such as strategies to position Sarajevo as a primary choice and final destination, identifying new potential markets, and adopting a more analytical approach to tourist typologies for more tailored tourism offerings. The paper highlights the current features and challenges of the destination's tourism development, providing practical solutions for inbound tour operators and recommendations for redesign.

This study investigates the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for geodetic surveys aimed at updating cadastral registers, which now function as geospatial databases. UAVs, using the aerial photogrammetric method, offer a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional airplane-mounted cameras. The research presents a comprehensive, step-by-step procedure for creating cadastral maps using UAV-acquired data, covering scope definition, preparatory work, flight planning, data processing, and final map production. The study includes an analysis of the resulting cadastral map and compares it with existing official maps to assess accuracy in determining parcel boundaries. The findings demonstrate that UAV-based surveys not only streamline the mapping process but also provide high levels of accuracy and reliability. This approach showcases the potential of UAV technology in modernizing cadaster systems, offering valuable insights into improving the precision and efficiency of geospatial data collection for land management and planning.

Throughout history, hospitals had been treated as sterile places used exclusively for providing medical treatment to patients. Little attention was however paid to the different ways those spaces can affect people occupying them, more specifically, through the senses. The things patients see, smell, touch, or feel all affect their well-being, leading to either an accelerated recovery, or prolonged hospital stays. Furthermore, besides a plethora of research showcasing the potential of incorporating sensory elements into healthcare architecture, the results have not been integrated into concrete examples to their full potential. The purpose of this review is to identify the effects of certain sensory elements, investigate the ways in which they had been incorporated into healthcare architecture, and recognize gaps in existing literature. Additionally, this review aims to propose ideas for further research in order to enrich the existing research connecting the senses with architecture.

Hospitals are environments in which patients experience heightened physical and psychological vulnerability. Despite this, architectural design has prioritized clinical efficiency over human-centered spatial experience. Increasing evidence suggests that the built environment influences stress levels, comfort, and overall well-being. This study examines how the overall sensory environment of hospital shapes users’ experiences, focusing on general sensory perception rather than isolated sensory elements. A survey was conducted among hospital users, including patients, visitors, and staff (n=223). The quantitative survey addressed demographic characteristics, sensory perceptions, and general impressions of the hospital environment. This paper analyses responses related to the total sensory experience of hospital spaces using descriptive statistical methods. The results indicate that most respondents perceived the hospital environment as having moderate to high impact on their overall experience. Additionally, the majority expressed a clear preference for hospitals designed with a focus on sensory comfort. These findings highlight the importance of integrating sensory-aware design strategies in healthcare architecture to support well-being and improve the overall hospital experience.

<p>Phytoremediation with wild plant species could be an environmentally friendly and economical<br />solution. Selected wild plants like mint, oregano, chamomile, nettle, and St. John&rsquo;s wort, from rural<br />areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina, were collected, lyophilized, and acid-digested for heavy metals<br />analysis. Nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese<br />(Mn), and lead (Pb) were determined by using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometry-flame<br />technique. Results showed that some of the investigated wild plants have a high content of<br />multiple heavy metals. This work showed that collected wild plants can accumulate heavy metals<br />and could be used for the phytoremediation of multi-metal-contaminated soil.</p>

Introduction: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are among the leading causes of disability worldwide, often resulting in pain, loss of function, and reduced quality of life. Kinesio Taping (KT) has been proposed as a supportive, noninvasive technique to enhance rehabilitation outcomes by improving neuromuscular activation, proprioception, and circulation. This research aims to evaluate the effect of KT on upper-limb functional improvement in patients with MSDs undergoing standard physiotherapy. Methods: This prospective interventional study included 57 participants divided into a control group receiving conventional physiotherapy and an experimental group receiving additional KT. Functional status was assessed using the Upper Extremity Functional Index (UEFI) at 3 time points: before therapy, mid-treatment, and after therapy. Statistical analyses included the Mann–Whitney U test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiple linear regression. Results: At baseline, the KT group had significantly lower functional scores (median 24.0, Interquartile Range [IQR] 19.0–27.0) than controls (median 35.0, IQR 25.0–47.0; p = 0.02). During treatment, both groups improved, but the KT group demonstrated faster functional recovery (p = 0.033). At completion, both groups achieved similar UEFI scores; however, the total functional gain was nearly twice as high in the KT group (21.5 vs. 12.5 points). Relative improvement reached 90% in the KT group compared with 36% in controls. Regression analysis confirmed that KT application was a significant predictor of upper-limb functional improvement (β = 0.552, p = 0.002). Conclusion: KT significantly accelerates upper-limb functional recovery and enhances rehabilitation outcomes when used as an adjunct to physiotherapy. Its simplicity, safety, and cost-effectiveness make it a valuable addition to standard musculoskeletal rehabilitation.

<p>This paper investigates the relationship between organizational structure, process formalization, and innovative behavior in small and medium-sized enterprises in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Drawing on the theoretical foundations of institutional economics and organizational innovation, this research tests four hypotheses using logistic regression, multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation analysis. The study employed a quantitative approach using data collected during 2023 from a sample of 304 SMEs operating in the manufacturing, trade, services, and ICT sectors in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis applied logistic regression, multiple linear regression, and Pearson correlation to test four hypotheses. The results show that formalized career paths do not have a significant impact on innovativeness, while mentoring and training show a partial, but statistically significant effect. Also, a positive correlation was confirmed between the intensity of communication with customers and the level of organizational innovation, indicating the importance of external feedback serving to shape internal changes. Process formalization showed a partial impact on the overall level of innovation. The results obtained contribute to a better understanding of the factors shaping the innovation capacity of SMEs in transition economies and emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach that combines human capital development, flexible organizational structures, and active involvement of the external environment.</p>

Trithemis annulata (Palisot de Beauvois, 1807) is a widespread Afrotropical species that substantially expanded its range in Mediterranean Europe in the second part of 20th century and very recently in the West Balkan region. A field study was carried out from June to September 2024 in the southern parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Neretva River delta in Croatia in order to investigate the species’ presence in this area. During the survey, T. annulata was found at 14 locations, seven in each country. The observations from Bosnia and Herzegovina represent the first record of this species for the country. It was found in a wide variety of habitats, both lentic and lotic, including lakes, reservoirs, rivers, larger ponds and canals. Considering that, at several of these locations, the species was not found during surveys in 2022 and 2023, it most likely spread to this area recently. Additionally, two observations of T. annulata from North Macedonia that were found in the online databases Observation and iNaturalist represent the first documented reports for this country. These findings constitute a substantial increase in species range and abundance in the region. The species’ distribution andspread in the Balkan Peninsula is also outlined and discussed.

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the IGD-20 scale, developed by Pontes et al. (2014) for the assessment of Internet gaming disorder, which was translated in this study using the back-translation method and administered to a sample of gamers and eSports players in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample consisted of 278 participants (82% gamers and 18% eSports players), predominantly male, with an average age of 27 years. Item analysis demonstrated satisfactory discriminative power and high item-total correlations for all items. The overall reliability of the IGD- 20 scale was exceptionally high (α = 0.965). Exploratory factor analysis initially suggested a three-factor solution; however, this solution was neither interpretable nor consistent with the original structure of the instrument. A unidimensional solution, which has also been supported in recent research, proved to be the most interpretable and accounted for over 61% of the variance. In conclusion, the IGD-20 scale demons

In early June 2023, we studied the Lepidoptera fauna of the upper course of the Neretva River, the valley of the Zalomka River in Nevesinjsko Polje and the Morina plateau between the two. In total, we registered 237 species, 63 butterflies and 174 moths. We found 53 butterfly species in the area of the Upper Neretva River, 37 in Nevesinjsko polje and five on the Morina plateau, along with 156, 40 and 20 moth species, respectively. In this study, we increased the total number of registered Lepidoptera species for the area, from 251 found in the same region during Neretva Science Week 2022, to a total of 414 (93 butterflies and 321 moths). Eight species have the status of Near Threatened and one is categorised as Data Deficient according to IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Two species are listed as Vulnerable in the Red List of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and three species are listed on the Annex II of the EU Habitats Directive. Our findings present a much-needed basic knowledge on Lepidoptera of the region, which is important for conservation activities.

<p>This paper aims to present a methodological framework for the development and validation of the<br />Effective Ergonomic Load Coefficient (KEEO) model, an approach that seeks to quantify total<br />workload by integrating physical, mental, organizational, and technical and technological factors.<br />Current methods, such as RULA, REBA, OCRA, SWAT, and JCQ, address only individual aspects of<br />work and thus limit insight into the entirety of ergonomic risk. KEEO is based on a multi-criteria<br />integration of methodologies for determining weights and factors that have been identified as<br />determinants of ergonomic workload. Validation includes assessment of the content validity of the<br />questionnaire, analytical boundary checking, sensitivity analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. The<br />results obtained show stable linear behavior and proportionality between components, suggesting<br />that KEEO can serve as a basis for future integrated ergonomic workload indices. This<br />methodological work is the result of work on a doctoral dissertation on the topic "Multi-functional<br />analysis of effective workplace workload".</p>

Three different concepts of Muslim identity were formed in interwar Yugoslavia. The integration model (Bjelevac) views Muslims as “non-national” and therefore suitable for fitting into a supranational Yugoslavism based on a class or ideological platform. The synthetic model (Mitrinović) bases Yugoslav identity on the cultural-religious synthesis of Orthodoxy, Catholicism and Islam. The national model (Salihagić), on the other hand, insists on the affirmation of Bosniak identity (Bosniak) as a separate national category, emphasizing that the primary goal is the preservation of existential survival within the framework of the Yugoslav community. The process of defining the identity of Muslims in the interwar period took place through different stages and conceptual definitions - from Yugoslavianism, through Serbs and Croats, to Bosniaks - where the term “Muslim” was most often subordinated to superior categories. Different historical and political contexts conditioned constant changes in its interpretation, so Muslims could simultaneously be covered by a regional, national or state-political identity. In literary-historical discourse, this was manifested through a multitude of definitions that, in addition to confirming the instability of the concept, also emphasized its complexity in the state-political framework of the interwar period. In interwar periodicals, the term Muslim literature functioned as an indicator whose meaning depended on the ideological and critical viewpoint of the author, and it was understood to have different, often contradictory meanings. This was followed up in the second half of the 20th century by the discussions of Muhsin Rizvić and Staniša Tutnjević: while Rizvić insisted on the continuity and specificity of Muslim literature in the interwar period, Tutnjević disputed these theses, believing that it was an ideological projection and retroactive reading. The discussions from the 1980s and 1990s showed how unstable and burdened with ideological interpretations the concept remained, although in more recent scholarship the term Bosniak literature has emerged as a relatively stable designation.

This research explores the opportunities and challenges of implementing the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) model in public enterprises in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), with particular attention to adapting the model to public sector characteristics. The study examines the impact of organisational, human, and economic factors on BSC implementation. Based on a quantitative analysis of 138 responses from employees in finance, accounting, and strategic management, seven hypotheses were tested regarding the determinants of BSC implementation. The findings reveal that the size of the enterprise, capabilities of accountants, costs of using the BSC, and its linkage to operational performance significantly and positively influence adoption. Larger enterprises with stronger capacities and qualified personnel are more likely to implement advanced performance management models. Conversely, organisational culture, management awareness, and perceived benefits showed no significant effect, partly due to the homogeneity of responses. These findings enhance the understanding of the prerequisites for BSC adoption in the public sector, highlighting the importance of structural capacities, human resources, and financial justification.

<p>U ovom radu bit će predstavljeno istraživanje o pravnim nazivima u savremenim rječnicima bosanskog jezika: u Rječniku bosanskog jezika (Čedić i dr. 2007), Rječniku bosanskoga jezika (Halilović &ndash; Palić &ndash; &Scaron;ehović 2010) i Rječniku bosanskog jezika (Jahić 2010&ndash;2024). Normativni status pojedinih takvih riječi, njihovo značenje i sinonimi na&scaron;li su se u sredi&scaron;tu pažnje, te je takvu obradu dobilo stotinjak riječi koje se upotrebljavaju u pravnim tekstovima. Posebna pažnja posvetila se pitanjima vezanim za utvrđivanje pravnih pojmova i naziva u rječnicima, normiranosti određenih likova i tvorbi mocijskih parova, a sve s ciljem da se ukaže na put ka normiranju pravnog nazivlja na bosanskom jeziku.</p>