In this paper, the possible synergistic effects of fly wood biomass ash (WBA) and recycled tire polymer fibres (RTPF) on long-term autogenous shrinkage and drying shrinkage in mortar were investigated, and the pore structures of mortar specimens with WBA and RTPF were determined. The results showed that the use of RTPF and WBA has an effect on the pore structure of mortars and thus on the results of autogenous shrinkage. When WBA and RTPF were used, the autogenous shrinkage tended to decrease; however, this was not the case for the drying shrinkage. The greatest reduction in autogenous shrinkage was achieved by the addition of WBA and RTPF; autogenous shrinkage was reduced by 62 % after 90 days compared with the reference mixture.

The main objective of this review was to investigate whether educational attainment has an impact on the occurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) as well as the implementation of smart technology to detect this condition. Data on the relationship between education level and the occurrence of AF were collected, as well as data on smart devices for detecting AF. A lower level of education has been linked to an increased risk of AF. With this in mind, it is easy to explain the clear correlation between education level and AF, as well as the adoption of smart device detection and how it may improve illness prognosis. People with a higher level of education understand and embrace the notion of employing smart devices to detect and prevent AF; they also have decreased AF prevalence compared with those with a lower level of education.

(1) Background: This study evaluates the effect of a conventional/low-voltage light-curing protocol (LV protocol) (10 s with 1340 mW/cm2) and high-voltage light-curing protocol (HV protocol) (3 s with 3440 mW/cm2) on the microhardness (MH) of dental resin-based composites (RBCs). Five resin composites were tested: conventional Evetric (EVT), Tetric Prime (TP), Tetric Evo Flow (TEF), bulk-fill Tetric Power Fill (PFL), and Tetric Power Flow (PFW). (2) Materials and Methods: Two tested composites (PFW and PFL) were designed for high-intensity light curing. The samples were made in the laboratory in specially designed cylindrical molds; diameter = 6 mm and height = 2 or 4 mm, depending on the type of composite. Initial MH was measured on the top and bottom surfaces of composite specimens 24 h after light curing using a digital microhardness tester (QNESS 60 M EVO, ATM Qness GmbH, Mammelzen, Germany). The correlation between the filler content (wt%, vol%) and the MH of the RBCs was tested. For the calculation of depth-dependent curing effectiveness, the bottom/top ratio for initial MH was used. (3) Conclusions: MH of RBCs is more dependent on material composition than on light-curing protocol. Filler wt% has a greater influence on MH values compared to filler vol%. The bottom/top ratio showed values over 80% for bulk composites, while for conventional sculptable composites, borderline or suboptimal values were measured for both curing protocols.

Nearby lightning strokes are often considered as a prime source of transient overvoltages in the substations. Lightning overvoltages can cause unreliable operation of power system and power supply interruptions. Calculation of expected lightning overvoltages is necessary to design appropriate protection system. This paper presents the analysis of the lightning overvoltage performance of real 400 kV overhead transmission line and gas insulated substation (GIS), considering various factors, such as lightning stroke locations, peak currents, front rise times, etc. EMTP-RV software was used to model transmission line and substation elements and conduct simulations, while transmission line lightning performance was determined using Sigma Slp software. The expected overvoltages and surge arrester currents are calculated and used to design lightning protection system of the considered substation. Obtained results also indicate the importance of proper modelling of power system elements and lightning strokes.

INTRODUCTION Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are integral in treating patients with heart failure, regardless of the existence of diabetes mellitus. In light of their benefits on the heart muscle, the question of their effect on acute coronary syndrome is raised, and a hypothesis as to whether they can be implemented in its treatment is proposed. The aim of the article was to indicate the potential of using SGLT2 inhibitors in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A PubMed search for articles published between October 2017 and May 2022 was conducted using the following keywords: "SGLT2 inhibitors," "Acute Coronary Syndrome," "Treatment," "Prognosis." Reference lists of identified articles were searched for further articles. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Reports from clinical trials and animal studies thus far investigating mechanistic pathways of SGLT2 inhibitors' effect in relation to acute myocardial infarction were interplayed to extract relevant findings and analyze the safety of this therapy in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. CONCLUSIONS SGLT2 inhibitors indicate beneficial effects in acute cardiovascular incident by various mechanisms, and early initiation of therapy may improve outcomes for AMI survivors.

Introduction The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist is a tool developed by the WHO to promote safer surgical practices and reduce the incidence of surgical errors and complications. This study aims to describe the role of assistant nurses in the implementation of this checklist by surgical teams. Materials and methods This descriptive study utilized a questionnaire-based survey conducted between September 2018 and March 2019 among 196 healthcare professionals at two surgical units in a university hospital in Sweden. The questionnaire covered demographic information such as age, gender, and occupation, as well as details about their workplace, experience, education/training on using the WHO checklist, the adaptation of the checklist to their department, their responsibilities in implementing and using the checklist, the frequency of use in emergency situations, and the impact on patient safety. Results The results of the study showed that assistant nurses, despite having the lowest level of education among healthcare professionals, were highly trusted and valued by other members of the surgical team. Most healthcare professionals were unsure who was responsible for using the WHO checklist but believed it was the assistant nurse's responsibility to ensure its implementation. Assistant nurses reported little to no training on using the checklist but noted that it had been adapted to the department's needs. Almost half (48.8%) of assistant nurses believed that the checklist was often used in emergency surgery, and most believed that it improved patient safety. Conclusions Improved understanding of the significance of assistant nurses in implementing the WHO Surgical Safety Checklist may enhance adherence to the checklist and potentially improve patient safety, as they were the most valued and trusted healthcare professionals in the surgical team according to the study's findings.

(1) Background: Viral hepatitis C (HCV) and viral hepatitis B (HBV) are common co-infections in people living with HIV (PLWH). All PLWH should be vaccinated against HBV and hepatitis A (HAV) and treated for HBV and HCV. We aimed to compare testing, prophylaxis and treatment of viral hepatitis in PLWH in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) in 2019 and 2022. (2) Methods: Data was collected through two on-line surveys conducted in 2019 and 2022 among 18 countries of the Euroguidelines in CEE (ECEE) Network Group. (3) Results: In all 18 countries the standard of care was to screen all PLWH for HBV and HCV both years; screening of HAV was routine in 2019 in 54.5% and in 2022 47.4% of clinics. Vaccination of PLWH against HAV was available in 2019 in 16.7%, in 2022 in 22.2% countries. Vaccination against HBV was available routinely and free of charge in 50% of clinics both in 2019 and 2022. In HIV/HBV co-infected the choice of NRTI was tenofovir-based in 94.4% of countries in both years. All clinics that responded had access to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) but 50% still had limitations for treatment. (4) Conclusions: Although testing for HBV and HCV was good, testing for HAV is insufficient. Vaccination against HBV and especially against HAV has room for improvement; furthermore, HCV treatment access needs to overcome restrictions.

Direct current (DC) power systems are gaining interest in the last decade due to increased utilization of DC outputted power sources, DC based energy storage (ES) elements and DC inputted loads. Microgrids are also becoming widely researched as the main foundation of smart grid. It is therefore logical to try to utilize DC microgrid (DCMG) concepts in organization of power systems in wide range of applications. DC microgrids have several important advantages compared to alternating current (AC) microgrids. The control system is essential in order to keep DCMG operating properly, reliable and efficient. Their control structures, with special interest in hierarchical control are explored and compared in this paper in terms of architecture and techniques. This paper presents real world applications using DCMG concept. Future research propositions given in the final chapter can be used as a foundation for researchers exploring the area.

A building-integrated microgrid (BIM) has been a widely utilized concept in low-carbon smart cities. The key advantages of microgrids are using locally available renewable energy sources (RES) and reducing dependency on fossil fuels. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems and battery storage systems play a crucial role in BIM to achieve desired goals. Due to legal/regulatory and technical restrictions, the distribution system operator (DSO) often imposes zero energy export (ZEE) for these microgrids. Therefore, the sizing of solar-battery systems in BIM, which will be technically feasible and economically optimized, is a challenge for designers, owners and DSO. The objective of this paper is to show the practical approach for design and sizing a microgrid for public buildings using the real data sets of a power consumption and solar energy production. As an example, the BIM for the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Sarajevo is presented.

The negative influence of timber harvesting on the forest environment is reflected through damage to the residual trees, regeneration, and forest soil. Considering that skidding, a popular extraction method, can cause substantial and severe damage to the remaining stand, the aim of this research was to determine damage to residual trees during skidding by an LKT 81T cable skidder, including oxen bunching. The research was conducted in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, in an uneven-aged mixed fir (Abies alba Mill.) and spruce (Picea abies L.) forest with pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on limestone soils. Tree felling was conducted using a Husqvarna 372 XP chainsaw. Extraction operations caused damage to 6.31% of the residual trees in the stand. The most damage was “removed bark” (65.34%) and occurred on the lower parts of the tree, the butt end (55.11%) and root collar (32.39%). The average size of the damage was 197.08 cm2. A statistically significant correlation was found between the damage position and the diameter at the breast height (p < 0.05) and the damage position and damage size (p < 0.01) by Spearman correlation analysis. The conducted analysis by the chi-squared test showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the proportion of damage for trees with different distances to the nearest skid road (p = 0.0487), but the share of damaged trees did not decrease by increasing the distance from the skid road.

Background and study aim. Group fitness programs are a form of programmed physical exercises with the aim of improving health, aesthetic appearance, satisfying the motivation to preserve health and reduce body weight. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an experimental cardio fitness program on the morphological status of female subjects aged 21.5 ± 3.5 years. Material and methods. The experimental program was implemented over a period of three months (12 weeks), with a weekly frequency (3 x 20-60 min). Initial and final measurements were performed and Body weight, Body fat percentage, Body fat mass, Free fat mass, Body muscle mass, Body mass index and Basal metabolism rate were analyzed. All test subjects have their doctor's confirmation that they are healthy and can undergo training loads in a planned and clearly defined cardio program. Results. The exercise program on cardio equipment caused changes in all body composition parameters between the initial and final measurements t-test (except for muscle mass). The total average Body weight at the initial-final measurement (66.45 vs. 64.70kg; t= 5.225, p<0.000), which represents a difference of -1.75kg after the program. Conclusions. The assumption is that a controlled and monitored program with a special focus on nutrition would lead to even more precise results on the effects on body composition. Continuous application of the content of this program throughout the entire one-year macrocycle with a higher weekly frequency would certainly give even more significant results.