Fermentation is a crucial process in the production of alcoholic beverages such as spirits, which produces a number of volatile compounds due to the metabolic activities of yeast. These volatile compounds, together with the volatile components of the raw materials and the volatile compounds produced during the distillation and aging process, play a crucial role in determining the final flavor and aroma of spirits. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive overview of yeast fermentation and the volatile compounds produced during alcoholic fermentation. We will establish a link between the microbiome and volatile compounds during alcoholic fermentation and describe the various factors that influence volatile compound production, including yeast strain, temperature, pH, and nutrient availability. We will also discuss the effects of these volatile compounds on the sensory properties of spirits and describe the major aroma compounds in these alcoholic beverages.

Context: Rivaroxaban is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor reducing the risk of systemic embolism and stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. Aims: The primary objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of rivaroxaban therapy in reducing the risk of systemic embolism and stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, whereas secondary objectives were to monitor therapy safety and the patients' adherence to treatment. Settings and Design: The prospective, postmarketing clinical trial was conducted on patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation with one or more risk factors, such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, who suffered a stroke or a transient ischemic attack. Subjects and Methods: At the baseline visit, the CHA2DS2 score was determined, and therapy was introduced. At three control visits (1, 3, and 6 months after baseline), systemic embolism, stroke, bruises, or bleeding occurrences were recorded. Furthemore, adverse events were monitored, and the Morisky score (MMAS-8) for treatment compliance was determined. Results were compared to previous studies. Results: The study included 471 patients. The incidence rate in events per 100 patient-years (95% confidence interval) was 2.6 (0.1–5.1) for systemic embolism and 4.3 (1.6–7.0) for stroke. The most common form of bleeding during rivaroxaban therapy was epistaxis. Adverse events were reported in 12 (2.7%) patients. Therapy adherence was in the range of medium adherence for the entire study period, with the average score decreasing significantly from the 1st to 6th months (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Rivaroxaban showed good efficacy and safety in reducing the risk of systemic embolism and stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation including patients with comorbidities.

The polarized massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technique has been regarded as a promising solution to millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems, because it experiences more degrees-of-freedom than the scalar configuration, and it represents a significant opportunity for secure communication. To deliver smart service to terminals, it is essential to provide base stations (BS) with the capability of terminal’s direction-of-arrival (DOA) awareness. In this paper, a compressive sampling (CS) framework is proposed for two-dimensional (2D) DOA and polarization estimation in mmWave polarized massive MIMO systems. The proposed approach first reduces the data volume via a reduced-dimension matrix. Then it computes the signal subspace via the eigendecomposition of the compressed array measurement. Thereafter, the rotational invariance characteristic is utilized to form a normalized polarization steering vector. Finally, 2D-DOA and polarization are estimated by incorporating the Poynting vector and the least squares (LS) techniques. The proposed architecture is computationally much more economical than existing algorithms. Besides, it allows a mmWave BS to provide comparable estimation performance with arbitrary sensor geometry, which is more flexible than most of the existing architectures. Furthermore, it is robust to the sensor position error. Numerical simulations verify the advantages of the proposed framework.

Abstract Generation of photovoltaic power plants is growing rapidly in the last ten years in the world. One of the key factors for the construction of floating photovoltaic power plants is to provide space for their construction. This paper presents statistical indicators of installed capacities of floating photovoltaic power plants, as well as a detailed description of the components of these power plants. Approaches to construction and maintenance recommendations are described in more detail. The basic results of simulations are presented on a concrete example of a floating photovoltaic 1 MW power plant on Lake Modrac. The available areas of artificial lakes in Bosnia and Herzegovina were analysed, and it was shown that the installation of floating photovoltaic power plants on 5% of the surface of artificial lakes would provide around 10% of the total electricity consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Cervical cancer is a significant global health concern affecting young women, with over 500,000 new cases reported annually. This questionnaire-based study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of cervical cancer prevention among female students at the University of Novi Sad during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Cervical Cancer Knowledge Prevention-64 (CCKP-64) tool. The study sample consisted of 402 predominantly 20–22-year-old female students from either social or technical science faculties in urban environments. Results revealed that out of the 402 female students involved in the study, most had a good general knowledge of primary prevention of cervical cancer, with a correct answer rate ranging from 29.9 to 80.6%. On the contrary, only 63.4% of female students have heard about the vaccine against cervical cancer; 52.0% know that the vaccine exists in Serbia; and 31.8% know where to get vaccinated. Only a small proportion of students (9.7%) have encountered cervical cancer among their relatives/friends and think that the disease could affect them in the future (25.4%). Older students (>26 years) generally (p < 0.05) had better knowledge regarding distressing symptoms of cervical cancer, cytological examination and secondary prevention; however, it was also noted that a significant percentage of this age group reported not having received vaccinations (53.0%, p = 0.001). This study underscores the need for increased awareness and education about the HPV vaccine and secondary prevention among young women in Serbia. Future research should investigate knowledge and attitudes toward cervical cancer prevention in diverse populations to develop effective interventions and strategies. These findings have implications for public health policies in Serbia to promote cervical cancer prevention among young women.

Soluble-Klotho (sKl) is the shed ectodomain of the transmembrane protein-Klotho (mKl) that exhibits pleiotropic actions, including lifespan extension, mineral metabolism, slowing-down kidney diseases and cardioprotection. The sKl is derived from the kidneys, but what type/s of renal cells secrete it is unknown. Secondly the respective roles of mKl versus sKl in regulating mineral metabolism is unclear due to the lack of appropriate in vivo models. Here, using scRNA-seq of renal distal-convolution (DC) cells, we found an unexpected pattern revealing that Klotho transcripts ( Kl) are moderately expressed in overall distal convoluted tubule (DCT), but highly enriched in the end of DCT and in connecting tubule (CNT). Immunohistochemistry further confirmed this pattern for mKl protein as well. Next, Kl was knocked-out only in renal DC to check if it affects sKl production. Interestingly, deleting Kl in the DCT and late-DCT+CNT in mice showed ~20% and ~80% reduction in sKl levels, respectively. Expectedly, knocking-out Kl along the entire DC in mice (Kl-KODC) abolished sKl levels. Furthermore, we found that compared to control mice, Kl-KODC mice exhibited reduced renal TRPV5-Ca2+ channel expression, profound calciuria, and loss of bone mineral density. The RNA-seq of automated-sorted DC cells from Kl-KODC mice revealed enhanced caveolae-mediated endocytosis of TRPV5. On the other hand, Kl-KODC mice had normal phosphate metabolism as confirmed by unchanged serum FGF23, serum phosphate, urinary phosphate excretion, and renal NaPi-IIa expression. Our findings reveal that a small population of renal DC cells accounts for the sKl levels. The lack of sKl may leads to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis and bone loss without affecting phosphate balance in mice. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2023 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.