The research was conducted in the area of Northern Serbia. The lowland hygrophilous forests of Gornji Srem where pedunculate oak is the dominant tree species were studied. In the paper was investigated the content of essential and non-essential heavy metals (Cu, Zn, As, Mn, Co, Pb, Ni, Cd) on two different soil types: hydromorphic (fluvisol) and automorphic (chernozem). Three experimental plots were analyzed on each soil type. Soil loading with heavy metals was studied by soil horizons. Based on the obtained results, it was established that the concentrations of all elements are within the allowed concentrations, except for nickel (Ni), whose values on some experimental plots and horizons exceed the maximum allowed concentrations. Content of all investigated elements are higher on fluvisol, except for As, whose amount is similar on both soil types. The obtained results indicate that the loading of heavy metals in both soil types is within the allowed limits and there is no significant negative impact on the development and production characteristics of the forest ecosystems located in researched area.

One of the tasks of mathematics education is to develop students' logical thinking. Logical problems that require a certain level of sharpness, ingenuity, and rational reasoning present a good challenge that can further motivate students to engage with mathematics. The progress of science and technology has led to the emergence of numerous tools that can be used in mathematics education. With the advent of artificial intelligence, these tools got a more active role as communication with users reached a new user-friendly dimension resembling human-to-human interaction. The unpredictability of the flow and the speed of development of artificial intelligence raises the question of whether it will ever reach or surpass the level of human sharpness and ingenuity. This paper illustrates inaccurate and partially accurate reasoning of artificial intelligence in solving logical problems.

Background: As a surgical nurse in a healthcare team, it is helpful to position the patient, depending on the nature of the procedure, and to prepare independently both the instrumentation and the site of surgery with drapes prior to the surgical procedure. Objective: To examine the experience of surgical nurses in their work with the WHO surgical checklist in Sweden. Methods: Data were collected from one hundred and ninety-six healthcare professionals, including thirty-nine surgical nurses, using a self-administered questionnaire. The Mantel-Haenszel and Pearson χ2 tests were used for ordered and unordered categorical variables. The qualitative data was presented in the form of the positive and negative contribution of the checklist and the text was analyzed according to Graneheim and Lundman. Results: Surgical nurses (61.6%) answered “no” to the question about being educated and trained in using checklists. Almost the same answer was given when it came to adapting the checklist to the department and the fact that the assistant nurse was responsible for ensuring the checklist was used (61.5%). 89.9% of them did not know who was responsible for implementing the checklist before surgery. According to (56.4%), the checklist was used all the time in emergencies, while (12.8%) of them stated that they did not believe that the checklist improved patient safety. Conclusions: Compliance with the WHO’s checklist varies, and the observed compliance is lower than that documented. The surgical nurses gave the same responses as others in the team. Clearer procedures are needed during surgery, specifying how the checklist should be used in practice, and there should be a designated person who is responsible for implementing the checklist.

Background: Non-surgical periodontal therapy, including mechanical debridement and root planning, is the gold standard in the treatment of periodontal diseases. The most commonly used instruments for non-surgical therapy are sonic/ultrasonic devices and manual instruments such as curettes. Objective: This study evaluates the clinical effectiveness and patient experience of non-surgical periodontal therapy using the Vector® Paro Pro ultrasonic device, emphasizing its impact on periodontal indices and patient comfort. Methods: Fifty patients with gingivitis, periodontitis, or peri-implantitis participated. Baseline data, including Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PBI), Probing Depth (PD), and Clinical Attachment Loss (CAL), were recorded. Patients underwent treatment using the Vector® Paro Pro system. Evaluations were conducted at baseline, two weeks, and one month post-therapy. Statistical analyses utilized repeated measures ANOVA and paired t-tests, with a significance threshold of p<0.05. Patient experience was assessed via a questionnaire. Results: All periodontal indices showed significant improvement post-therapy. The mean PI decreased from 1.18±0.12 to 0.52±0.08 after two weeks and 0.44±0.09 after one month (p<0.001). Significant reductions were observed in PBI (from 1.68±0.10 to 0.46±0.09) and PD (>4 mm pockets: from 5.55±0.19 to 3.65±0.45; p<0.001). CAL improved significantly (from 0.80±0.18 to 0.70±0.16 after one month; p<0.001). Patient-reported outcomes revealed that 98% experienced no pain during therapy. Conclusion: The Vector® Paro Pro ultrasonic device demonstrated significant clinical improvements in periodontal health, particularly in bleeding reduction and deep pocket management. Its hydroxyapatite-enhanced fluid effectively polished root surfaces and reduced post-therapeutic sensitivity. Patients reported minimal discomfort, underscoring the device’s potential as a comfortable, efficient alternative for non-surgical periodontal therapy. Further studies with longer follow-up periods are recommended to confirm these findings.

In this paper, the results of measurements of indoor radon activity concentration in fourteen elementary schools in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, are presented. Measurements were performed with CR-39 solid-state nuclear track detectors. Radon activity concentration in investigated locations was 6.8-143 Bqm-3. To assess the indoor radon hazards for people, the annual effective dose, excess lifetime cancer risk, and the relative risk of lung cancer were estimated.

Multi-purpose reservoir Modrac is the most important water resource in Tuzla canton( northeastern Bosnia and Herzegovina). Ecologically acceptable flow on dam Modrac is not adjusted with the latest Rulebook about methods of determining ecologically acceptable flow. Modrac reservoir with upstream and downstream flow of Spreca river is categorized as a protected water resource due to its susceptibility to eutrophication and according to current legislation, requires a second level of ecologically acceptable flow assessment. This paper shows the methods used to determine ecologically acceptable flow on the Modrac dam, respecting the fact that reservoir Modrac is declared as protected water resource. The given calculation of ecologically acceptable flow is made for II level of evaluation

The first industrial robots appeared in the production processes of the 60s of the last century, and they are implemented to this day in all production processes in the world. The biggest application of industrial robots has been found in three industries in the world: the automotive industry, the electrical/electronic industry and the metal industry. The automotive industry is the first to implement the most industrial robots, and in recent years the electrical/electronics industry has also joined in, as these two industries in the world implement more than 60% of the total industrial robots implemented in the world. The use of industrial robots has been used to perform those tasks that are tiring and hazardous to the health of workers, which include welding, and the performance of these operations is mostly n the automotive industry. To date, the most implemented industrial robots of the first generation, which are robustly surrounded by fences (for the protection of workers), take up a lot of space and are complicated to reprogram. Development of new technologies such as: sensor technology, Internet of Things (IoT), big data, „cloud computing“, virtual and augmented reality (AR), artificial intelligence (AI), advanced security systems and others is credited with the development of robotic technology. In this paper is shown the trend of implementing industrial robots and their role in the welding process.

This study aims to identify the cybersecurity awareness of university students from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro in the following aspects: a) Malware, b) Password usage, c) Phishing, d) Social engineering, and e) Online scams. A quantitative-qualitative research approach was used. Data for the quantitative section were collected using the Cyber Security Behaviour Instrument questionnaire (Muniandy et al., 2017). In the qualitative section, five semi-structured interviews were conducted with students about their behaviour and protection on the internet. Research has shown that respondents apply some good, but still also some weak or dangerous cybersecurity practices in above mentioned aspects. That confirms that the human element remains a critical vulnerability for individuals, businesses, and societies facing rapidly evolving online threats, and that we urgently need the improvement of personal cyber hygiene. The findings highlight strengths and weaknesses in respondents’ knowledge and behaviours related to cybersecurity, underscoring the need for continuous education and awareness-raising to improve internet security practices.

Background: Degenerative aortic stenosis is a prevalent and severe condition necessitating aortic valve replacement (AVR) when the valve area critically narrows to 0.7 cm² or when symptoms are manifested. Traditional AVR via median sternotomy, poses considerable risks for patients with comorbidities or advanced age. Objective: This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of mini sternotomy aortic valve replacement (MSAVR), a minimally invasive technique designed to reduce surgical trauma, improve postoperative recovery, and lower healthcare costs. Methods: A reversed L-type upper partial sternotomy (RLUPS) approach was performed in five patients focusing on standardized surgical procedures, and rigorous postoperative care. Key findings indicate that MSAVR markedly reduces postoperative complications, ICU stay, and overall hospital stay compared to traditional sternotomy. Results: The median postoperative length of stay was seven days for MSAVR versus 12 days for traditional sternotomy, with ICU stays of 52 hours and 119 hours, respectively. Our study also highlights the cost-effectiveness of MSAVR, with decreased hospital costs per patient due to reduced ICU resource utilization and shorter hospital stays. These findings suggest that MSAVR is a valuable and advantageous alternative to traditional sternotomy, offering substantial benefits in terms of patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency. Conclusion: Our work underscores the potential of minimally invasive techniques in improving the management of severe degenerative aortic stenosis, marking a significant advancement in the field of cardiac surgery.