The mountain of Konjuh is characterized by a landscape of high aesthetic value with significant diversity in biological, geomorphological, and hydrological aspects. This, combined with its cultural-historical heritage, religious and traditional values, provides the foundation for educational, ecotourism, and sports-recreational tourism activities, as well as for visitor enjoyment and the development of economic activities. Located in the northeastern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Konjuh, along with Ozren, Javor, and Javornik, forms part of the chain of peripheral (higher) mountains, which, together with Trebavac and Majevica, represent the transition from the Dinaric mountain system to the vast Pannonian plain. The average elevation of the mountain is 1,000 meters. The Tuzla Canton government has passed a law declaring a portion of Konjuh Mountain, covering an area of 8,016 hectares, as a Cultural Heritage site of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study was to systematically inventory medicinal plant species at seven sites on Konjuh Mountain in three municipalities (Kladanj, Živinice, and Banovići) at different altitudes (from 560 to 1,100 meters), classify medicinal plant species based on taxonomic and ecological attributes, and create phytocenological field records. During the research, 109 medicinal plant species were identified, including endangered and endemic species. The taxonomic structure of the families of medicinal plants on Konjuh Mountain revealed the presence of 43 families, with the most represented being representatives of the Lamiaceae family at 13.76%, Asteraceae at 11.92%, Fabaceae at 7.33%, and Plantaginaceae at 5.50%. A phytogeographical analysis of the medicinal plant flora identified 11 areal types and groups. An analysis of the biological spectrum of flora in all habitats indicates the presence of six primary life form types, with hemicryptophytes (H) being dominant, accounting for 59 species.

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the main health issues that has an impact on cognitive function, physical ability, immune function, and reproductive performance. Therefore, this study focused on the determination of iron content in leafy plants cultivated in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the average daily intake of iron via consumption of these plants. The plant samples were prepared by wet digestion with nitric acid (HNO3), and iron content was determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The mean concentration of Fe ranged from 41.97 mg/kg for Brassica oleracea var. acephala to 338.73 mg/kg for Spinacia oleracea. Daily intakes for different leafy plants were also calculated. The leafy plants were arranged by daily iron intake in the following decreasing order Spinacia oleracea > Beta vulgaris > Atriplex hortensis > Urtica dioica > Brassica oleracea var. acephala. Results from this study indicate that leafy plants can be a significant source of iron. The findings conclusively suggest that our local leafy plants are good source of iron through diet.

Water represented a very important segment in the design and functioning of Sarajevo over the course of its long past. Water, as a symbol of life, in various forms and shapes, has been an indispensable factor in the creation and development of many urban areas in human history, which is very clearly visible in the Sarajevo example. Based on data from unpublished archival materials, published sources and relevant literature, this text attempts to present certain elements that undoubtedly led to the city's development. The work deals with different thematic areas that chronologically presented the exploitation of the water potential of Sarajevo and its immediate surroundings, as one of the key causes of the city's urban development and its economic and social transformation. In the classic Ottoman era, Sarajevo was, to the greatest extent thanks to the institution of the Waqf, an area with an extremely large number of different forms of construction on the water. Wells, fountains and shadirwans as well as a wide branched network of water supply systems, made it possible to use the bounty of water unhindered. Mills and bridges were in the function of economic activity, which directly affected the prosperity of the city. In addition to these positive examples, the paper also provides information on certain problems caused by the natural effect of water power. During the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian periods, Sarajevo was faced with floods which, depending on the intensity and whether the Miljacka or one of its tributaries flooded, caused damages of different scopes. Therefore, special attention was paid to the efforts of the city authorities to prevent such scenarios. The paper deals with the construction and maintenance of Sarajevo's water supply network. Its beginnings in the Ottoman period are presented and analyzed, as well as the first, at that time, modern approaches in the construction of a modern water supply system after the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Austro-Hungarian authorities, aware of the existing water potential of the source of the Mošćanica river not far from Sarajevo, tried to make maximum use of these facilities with the aim of supplying the city with sufficient quantities of drinking water. The Ottoman waterworks were dilapidated and could not meet the needs of the entire population, which was constantly growing, and the city's territory was expanding year by year, so this was also an aggravating circumstance. The paper shows in detail how the construction of the first modern water supply system in Sarajevo proceeded in 1889, as well as how it functioned in the following period. The presented and analyzed cases from the original material clearly illustrate the problems faced by the residents who wanted to connect their housholds to the water supply network as well s how the new water supply system caused various types of damage to their private properties. The last segment that this paper treats refers to the use of water power for the production of electricity. Towards the end of the First World War, the Dudin Hrid power plant was put into operation, which used the water power of the existing water supply brought from the Jahorina mountain. In this way, the city was supplied with water and electricity, which was extremely important. Particular attention was paid to the construction of a hydroelectric plant on the Željeznica River, in Bogatići, not far from Sarajevo. This project, although conceived and planned at the beginning of the twentieth century, was only realized after the Second World War and represented the first built object of the First Five-Year Plan. The results of the research presented here can serve, not only within the framework of the historiographic range, but also for the needs of knowledge that is of various social significance.

Future wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems will employ sub-6 GHz and millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency bands working cooperatively. Establishing a MIMO communication link usually relies on estimating channel state information (CSI) which is difficult to acquire at mmWave frequencies due to a low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we propose three novel methods to estimate mmWave MIMO channels using out-of-band information obtained from the sub-6 GHz band. We compare the proposed channel estimation methods with a conventional one utilizing only in-band information. Simulation results show that the proposed methods outperform the conventional mmWave channel estimation method in terms of achievable spectral efficiency, especially at low SNR and high K-factor.

Historical cartography has an important place among historical sources. Many researchers can have the opportunity to use many cartographic sources during their research. An important source in historical cartography is maps created during the reign of the Ottoman Empire on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, the existence of cartographic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina which are the results of the work of cartographers of the world should also be emphasized. Large-scale representations found in the form of cadastral plans of various scales are of particular importance in research. However, small-scale cartographic representations also offer great help to researchers. The first large-scale representations of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina were made during the reign of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. This short period of rule on the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in the surveying and representing of the entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina on cadastral plans at the scale 1:6250, 1:3125, 1:1562.5 and 1:781.25. On the basis of these large-scale representations, many small-scale representations of different topics, purposes and scales were created. Small-scale representations were made in different scales, which also dictated the detail of the representation. The maps, i.e. small-scale graphic representations, were produced at the scales of 1:12500, 1:25000, 1:75000, and 1:150000. With the end of the First World War, a new period of cartography of the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina was born. During this time, topographical maps were made at the scales of 1:25,000, 1:50,000, and smaller scales. Of course, the authors of the maps monitored the situation on the ground and tried to ensure that all the details that could be shown were shown on them in terms of content and according to the possibility of the display. After the end of the Second World War, a completely new period was started in the production of graphic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A special place is occupied by large-scale representations views - cadastral plans that were prepared at the scales of 1:5000, 1:2500, 1:2000, 1:1000 and 1:500. On the basis of cadastral plans, small-scale graphic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina - maps were created. The map scales were 1:2500, 1:50000 and smaller. Maps with different purposes and themes were created. Topographic maps have a special significance. The completeness of the presentation is an important determinant of all the previously mentioned presentations. The completeness of the cartographic display is reflected in the display of all significant objects, depending on the scale of the display. The area of Bosnia and Herzegovina has many sights. Most of these sights have been measured and shown on large-scale geodetic bases - cadastral plans as well as small-scale geodetic bases - maps. Graphic representations of Bosnia and Herzegovina were created by many cartographers. Taking this as important data, Bosnia and Herzegovina or its individual parts are shown on maps of different scales related to different authors. This is precisely what results in graphic representations on which different signs, display methods, letters, and languages are represented. Cartographic representations in Bosnia and Herzegovina were created in different time periods. The depictions of Bosnia and Herzegovina go back several centuries. Cartographic representations show details that are interesting to many researchers. At the time of the creation of cartographic representations, it was not even imagined how important the representations would be for research in today's time. Historical cartography through cartographic representations offers a lot of information about many objects on the soil of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The depictions of the Travnik's old towns Toričan and Vrbenac, are especially important for the research. In the paper, the depictions of the aforementioned remnants of Travnik's old towns were investigated. They were shown on many cartographic sources of different purposes and different scales, which were made by different authors in different time periods. The paper analyzes the depiction of old cities in historical cartographic sources from the 17th to the 20th centuries.

This paper explores the development and current state of andragogy as a scientific discipline in Serbia, with a particular focus on its professionalisation at the University of Belgrade. Despite periods of crisis and societal transitions, andragogy has demonstrated remarkable resilience, remaining relevant and influential in the educational landscape. The current study program at the Department of Andragogy at the University of Belgrade is depicted at the undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral levels. By analysing master’s and doctoral theses, and published scientific papers, the paper provides insights into the prevalent issues and topics in the field. The findings underscore the impact and relevance of andragogy in Serbia and suggest its future prospects. Upholding its core principles and holistic approach, andragogy can play a pivotal role in bridging the gap between the past and the present, leading to the revitalisation of adult education and shaping the trajectory of the discipline itself in Serbia and beyond.

Abstract As an endemic species, Dalmatian barbelgudgeon was introduced into Šatorsko Lake, but it was insufficiently explored at this locality. The aim of this study was to determine seasonal variations of physicochemical parameters of the water in relation to morphometric and hematological parameters of Dalmatian barbelgudgeon from Šatorsko Lake. Physicochemical analysis of the water recorded lower values of temperature, O2 concentration, O2 saturation, electrolytic conductivity and suspended matter in autumn, while other analyzed parameters indicated lower values in spring. The analysis of morphometric parameters (weight, standard length, total length and Fulton’s condition factor) determined higher values of all the parameters during spring, while a significant difference was noted only for Fulton’s condition factor. A statistically significant difference was observed for all erythrocyte lineage parameters (RBC-red blood cells, HB-hemoglobin concentration, HCT-hematocrit, MCV-mean corpuscular volume, MCH-mean corpuscular hemoglobin, MCHC-mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations). In white blood cells, a statistically significant difference was recorded for lymphocytes, non-segmented neutrophils and monocytes, while the proportion of segmented neutrophils and basophils was slightly increased in spring. Furthermore, the recorded values of pseudo-eosinophils were equal in spring and autumn. The results of these studies indicate a significant influence of exogenous and endogenous factors on the variability of morphometric and hematological parameters of Dalmatian barbelgudgeon from Šatorsko Lake.

The auditory brainstem response (ABR) is a valuable clinical tool for objective hearing assessment, which is conventionally detected by averaging neural responses to thousands of short stimuli. Progressing beyond these unnatural stimuli, brainstem responses to continuous speech presented via earphones have been recently detected using linear temporal response functions (TRFs). Here, we extend earlier studies by measuring subcortical responses to continuous speech presented in the sound-field, and assess the amount of data needed to estimate brainstem TRFs. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 24 normal hearing participants while they listened to clicks and stories presented via earphones and loudspeakers. Subcortical TRFs were computed after accounting for non-linear processing in the auditory periphery by either stimulus rectification or an auditory nerve model. Our results demonstrated that subcortical responses to continuous speech could be reliably measured in the sound-field. TRFs estimated using auditory nerve models outperformed simple rectification, and 16 minutes of data was sufficient for the TRFs of all participants to show clear wave V peaks for both earphones and sound-field stimuli. Subcortical TRFs to continuous speech were highly consistent in both earphone and sound-field conditions, and with click ABRs. However, sound-field TRFs required slightly more data (16 minutes) to achieve clear wave V peaks compared to earphone TRFs (12 minutes), possibly due to effects of room acoustics. By investigating subcortical responses to sound-field speech stimuli, this study lays the groundwork for bringing objective hearing assessment closer to real-life conditions, which may lead to improved hearing evaluations and smart hearing technologies.

Navigation is a must-have skill for any mobile robot. A core challenge in navigation is the need to account for an ample number of possible configurations of environment and navigation contexts. We claim that a mobile robot should be able to explain its navigational choices making its decisions understandable to humans. In this paper, we briefly present our approach to explaining navigational decisions of a robot through visual and textual explanations. We propose a user study to test the understandability and simplicity of the robot explanations and outline our further research agenda.

Socially-assistive robots (SARs) have significant potential to help manage chronic diseases (e.g. dementia, depression, diabetes) in spaces where people live, averse to clinic-based care. However, the challenge is designing SARs so that they perform appropriate interactions with people who have different characteristics, such as age, gender, and cultural identity. Those characteristics impact how human behaviors are performed as well as user expectations of robot responses. Although cross-cultural studies with robots have been conducted to understand differing population characteristics, they have mainly focused on statistical comparisons of groups. In this study, we utilize deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) models to evaluate whether cultural differences show up in robotic sensor data during human-robot interaction (HRI). To do so, a SAR was distributed to user's homes for three weeks in the US and Korea (25 participants), while collecting data on the human activity and the surrounding environment through on-board sensor devices. DL models based on that data were able to predict the user’s cultural identity with roughly 95% accuracy. Such findings have potential implications for the design and development of culturally-adaptive SARs to provide services across diverse cultural locales and multi-cultural environments where users’ cultural background cannot be assumed a priori. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Abstract The largest mountainous lake in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Lake Blidinje, is located 1,185 meters above sea level. Polymictic lakes are those in which the entire water column is frequently mixed. Shallow lakes function very differently than deep lakes in many ways because of the strong sediment– water interaction and the possibility for significant water impact on vegetation. In the multiple regression analysis, two models were developed with coefficients of multiple determination (R2 = 0.720 and R2 = 0.497) for the independent variable chlorophyll a. The resulting models are compared with water quality monitoring data from 2017 to 2019.

In this paper we consider the space R2 with the river metric d* and different types of convexity of this space. We define W-convex structure in (R2, d*) and we give the complete characterization of the convex sets in this space. We consider some measures of noncompactness and we give the moduli of noncompactness for considered measures on this space.

Before the famous commentaries on the classical works of Persian literature, Ahmed Sudi Bosnevi wrote in Ottoman Turkish language commentaries on al-Kāfiya and al-Šāfiya, the works on Arabic syntax and morphology written by the famous Arab grammarian, Ibn Ḥāğib. The main purpose of this research is to explore and analyse different aspects of Sudiʼs commentaries on al-Kāfiya and al-Šāfiya, to give an insight into these hitherto unstudied manuscripts and to present Sudiʼs specific way of commenting by translation and description of passages from the original texts of the commentaries. In addition to this, the paper presents the educational and scientific path of Ahmed Sudi Bosnevi and his role as a muderis who tried to improve the teaching process by writing commentaries on the textbooks that were part of the Curriculum in Ottoman madrasas. Likewise, this paper investigates the significance of the original texts of al-Kāfiya and al-Šāfiya in the Arabic grammatical tradition.

The word rehabilitation is of Latin origin (sanacio) and means treatment, from the point of view of the economy of the company, rehabilitation means economic and technical-organizational measures that should contribute to the recovery of the company, in the sense of making it liquid and profitable again. A company is considered sick if, in the long run, it is unable to meet its obligations and operates at a loss. The causes of the disease can be external and internal. Financial difficulties, manifested in illiquidity and unprofitability, cause the need for rehabilitation. Initiation of remediation presupposes remediation eligibility, which exists if permanent recovery of the company is possible. Determining the suitability of rehabilitation involves examination and selection of measures, the implementation of which ensures the permanent recovery of the company, in the sense of re-establishing the financial balance and returning to the profit zone. This paper explores the food industry business market as an example, highlighting the key role of market research in successful economic recovery. Through this example, market research becomes a fundamental framework for identifying the changes that a company needs to implement in its operations in order to become more competitive. The example will show the market research of companies from the food industry. There is no successful economic rehabilitation without market research. This example can serve as a framework for market research, which provides answers to the question of what the company needs to change in its business in order to be more successful than the competition. The research results have significant implications for managers, experts and political decision-makers, providing them with information necessary for effective management of financial crises and ensuring the stability of companies, as well as a faster understanding of the competitive business environment.