This study empirically explores short run and long run causality between institutional financial inclusion and income inequality in 22 members of European Union (EU) divided in two subpanels: Old EU members and New EU Member states (NMS). A panel VECM (PVECM) approach is utilized to observe the dynamic causal relationship between financial inclusions on income inequality when control the effect of economic development on inequality. The current level of financial inclusion in the old EU members only through expansion ATMs services lead to decrease income inequality in long run while it contributes through expansion commercial bank branches in short run. On the contrary, the study finds weak and subdued effect financial inclusion on income inequality in the NMS countries in long run, while only expansion commercial bank branches lead to decrease income inequality in short run. The results show that financial inclusion measured by commercial bank branches contributes to more equal income distribution for both regions, only in the short run. In fact, deepening institutional financial inclusions by increasing availability and diversify of specialized financial products and ATM services are still needed to address impediments to financial inclusion, especially in the NMS.

Emotional intelligence is the ability to recognise one's own and other people's emotions and adjust one's behaviour in accordance with them. Numerous studies have shown that emotional intelligence has a positive effect on job satisfaction, employee performance, interpersonal relationships, business communication and productivity. In today's fast-paced and competitive business world, the ability to understand and manage one's own emotions, as well as the emotions of others, becomes crucial for building professional relationships. Emotionally intelligent people cope more easily with acute and chronic stress, which directly affects mental health and work performance. Using emotional intelligence as a tool to reduce stress in the workplace, as well as to resolve conflicts that have cause-and-effect relationships, allows for a better understanding of the needs and feelings of employees. The ability to effectively manage emotions and stressful situations can significantly contribute to employee satisfaction and loyalty, that is crucial to long-term business success.

Background: Evaluated values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumeference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) increase the risk of stroke, but the extent to which this is mediated by hypertension, diabetes, lipid status, smoking and alcohol consumption is not fully understood. Objective: The aim of this research is to examine the influence of modifying and non-modifying factors as well as obesity defined through BMI, WC and WHR on the occurrence of stroke. Methods: A total of 440 subjects were included in the cohort divided in to two groups. The first group were patients with stroke and another without stroke. We investigate modifable factor for stroke (hypertension (HTA), lipid status, diabetes mellitus (DM), smoking, alcohol consumption, educational status) as well as WHR, BMI and WC as determinants for obesitiy. Results: The majority of respondents in both groups had a secondary level of education. Smoking and alcohol consumption were slightly more prevalent in the group without stroke, while HTA and DM were slightly more prevalent in the group with stroke, but without a statistically significant difference. The largest number of respodents without stroke had HDL cholesterol values in the range of optimal >1.5, 70.9%, while 35.5% of respodents with stroke had values in the risk range, as well as 32.3% in the high risk range. LDL cholesterol values were on average statistically significantly higher in the group of respodents with stroke - 3.77±1.29 compared to the values in respodents without stroke - 3.20±1.20. The largest WC had patients with a hemorrhagic stroke 96.4 ± 15.5 cm. The average BMI was slightly higher in the group of patients with embolic stroke (28.5 ± 2.8) compared to patients with hemorrhagic stroke (28.4 ± 5.9) and thrombotic stroke (28.1 ± 4, 2). WHR was almost identical in all three types of stroke. Conclusion: There is correlation between modifable risk factor and obesity in stroke occurence.

Background: Carotid atherosclerosis is often mentioned as one of the main causes of stroke. Currently, embolization is considered the most common mechanism that causes ischemic strokes due to atherosclerotic lesions in the carotid artery. Transcranial Doppler (TCD) ultrasound provides relatively inexpensive, noninvasive, real-time measurement of blood flow characteristics and cerebrovascular hemodynamics within brain arteries. The pulsatile index measured by transcranial Doppler is a parameter that indicates the degree of elasticity of the blood vessels of the brain. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the value of the pulsatile index of the middle cerebral artery and the basilar artery in patients with carotid stenosis using transcranial Doppler and the value of the pulsatile index in relation to the degree of carotid stenosis. Methods: The study involved a total of 140 patients examined at the Color Doppler and Transcranial Doppler Department of the Neurology Department of the General Hospital ”Prim Dr. Abdulah Nakas” Sarajevo The patients were divided into two groups. The research was conducted in the General Hospital “Prim. dr. Abdulah Nakas” in Sarajevo at the Department for Color Doppler and Transcranial Doppler of the Department of Neurology and included patients examined in the period from February 2022 to December 2022. All patients underwent extracranial Doppler of the carotid arteries and transcranial Doppler of the middle cerebral artery and basilar artery. Results: The mean values of PI in ACM in the total sample were statistically significantly lower in patients with stenosis up to 50% compared to the average in patients with stenosis over 50%. Average values of PI in AB in the total sample were statistically significantly lower in patients with stenosis up to 50% compared to the mean values in patients with stenosis over 50%. Conclusion: Transcranial Doppler findings showed an increased pulsatile index in patients who had carotid stenosis greater than 50% compared to patients with mild carotid stenosis. The study showed that in clinical work it would be necessary to introduce the pulsatile index as an indispensable neurosonological parameter that would be included in the findings of the transcranial Doppler and thus objectify the potential risk of a cerebrovascular ischemic event.

Mine site reclamation is a relevant step in maintaining ecological balance after mining activities. Although mining activities provide many economic benefits, they often have a negative impact on the environment. These environmental problems require effective and sustainable solutions. To minimize the effects of mining, environmental management is obligated to stabilize the land, so it is productive after mine closure and leads to the best possible purpose. Regulatory authority sets out the criteria for reclamation to be accomplished by the mine reclamation program such as compliance, land re-contouring, revegetation, and final completion.

This article addresses a sustainable approach to urban regeneration in post-communist residential neighbour-hoods in Sarajevo. The area explored is located in the municipality of Novo Sarajevo (literally, New Sarajevo), featuring well-known but somewhat controversial apartment buildings built after the Second World War, from the 1950s to the 1970s. At the time, this area epitomized the social and economic progress and expansion of the city from east to west, and it expressed the ideals of socialist modernist urban planning and architecture. More than seventy years later, following social, economic, and cultural transition after the war in the 1990s and new urban developments, this area and the city face multiple challenges, from decay to social bias. One key challenge is to adapt the residential architecture from socialist mod-ernism to meet contemporary requirements of functionality and sustainability. This research proposes the “new urban protocol” as a collaborative model combining tools and procedures for sustainable urban regeneration while focusing on reevaluating, retrofitting, and reprograming the architectural legacy of socialist modernism.

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Effective removal of various pollutants from the environment has become one of the most important challenges of modern society. Carbon cryogels doped with nitrogen were synthesized and characterized using FTIR. All investigated materials have similar composition and structural disorder. The application of carbon cryogels doped with nitrogen for adsorption from tap water with the addition of OP pesticides gave successful results in stationary and dynamic conditions. Stationary conditions showed successful removal of aliphatic dimethoate and malathion for all tested materials, but they were less effective for aromatic chlorpyrifos. Under dynamic conditions, all materials effectively removed malathion and chlorpyrifos while showing suboptimal performance for dimethoate adsorption. The demonstrated efficiency indicates the potential application of these materials in water treatment. The toxicity of these pesticide solutions decreases over time, indicating that no more toxic products are formed.

The evolution of training and skills development at BENU Pharmacies represents a remarkable journey characterized by strategic foresight and adaptability within the rapidly evolving pharmaceutical industry. Since its inception, BENU Pharmacies has exemplified a strong commitment to operational excellence and workforce development through a meticulously structured approach to training (1-3). Training and development are essential components of organizational success, particularly in industries as dynamic and regulated as pharmaceuticals (4). The ability to continuously enhance both technical and interpersonal skills is crucial for maintaining high standards of service delivery, adapting to emerging industry trends, and meeting the ever-changing needs of customers (5,6). Effective training programs not only ensure that employees are proficient in their technical roles but also foster a culture of continuous improvement and innovation.

Introduction/Aim. Plums, as one of the oldest types of fruits, are very important in the human diet. The most common varieties of plums cultivated in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina are Požegača, Čačanska lepotica, Čačanska rodna and Valjevka. They belong to the group of basic fruits rich in various vitamins and minerals. In addition, plum seed oil is used in the cosmetic industry. This oil is a rich source of biologically active components with proven biological effects - it hydrates the skin and improves its elasticity; the skin easily absorbs it without leaving a greasy film on the surface. The aim of this study was to find the optimal method for isolating fatty oil from the seeds of four types of plums with the best characteristics. Their potential as raw material in the cosmetic industry through the application of supercritical and Soxhlet extraction and their characterization was examined. Methods. Fatty oils were extracted by conventional Soxhlet extraction with non-polar organic solvent and by supercritical extraction with carbon dioxide. The AOAC 930.15 method was used to determine the moisture content of the plum seeds. The oils were characterized by determining the organoleptic characteristics, as well as the acid, iodine, saponification and peroxide number. Results. The fattiest oil was obtained from the pits of the Čačanka rodna plum using the both extraction methods, supercritical and Soxhlet extraction. Fatty oil of Požegača had the lowest values of iodine and peroxide number, while the acid and saponification number were the lowest within the oil from Valjevka and Čačanka rodna, respectively. Conclusion. Both extraction methods showed good extraction yields, with higher extraction capacity using Soxhlet extraction. Čačanka rodna had the highest amount of oil. Fatty oils from all varietes showed excellent characteristics, so the plum kernels can be potentially used for obtaining fatty oil for cosmetic purposes due to its beneficial effect on the skin.

Cellular manufacturing represents one of the important segments in the application of the concept of Lean production, which is realized through the development and application of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS). FMS represent the basis for the production system to simultaneously achieve a high level of flexibility and productivity, that is, to be considered agile. However, due to their high production and technological capabilities, prices and investment costs, they require conditions that ensure their rational exploitation. Taking into account the increasingly complex conditions of production and placement of products, a systematic approach to the design and application of FMS is necessary, which will include the most important technological and economic characteristics. In this paper, on the example of the formed technological group of gears, the methodology of process planning and evaluation of the effects of cellular manufacturing is presented, as a basis for the rational development and techno-economic application of FMS.

Acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is a serious disease with mortality between 50 and 80 %. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathophysiology of AMI. AMI should be considered for any acute abdominal pain that requires analgesia with morphine and for which no other obvious aetiology is found. CT is the main diagnostic procedure to confirm the diagnosis of AMI. There is no specific diagnostic biomarker for AMI that can be used in routine practice. AMI is an urgent diagnostic and therapeutic situation. Treatment of AMI includes a protocol combining digestive rest, curative anticoagulant, antiplatelet, antibiotic therapy, arterial revascularisation to salvage viable bowel and resection of necrotic digestive segments. The strategy of revascularisation depends on the mechanism of arterial occlusion, the morphological appearance of the lesions and the indications for exploratory laparotomy. Endovascular and open surgical techniques can be combined and complemented. Open surgical revascularisation is indicated in case of failure or impossibility of endovascular revascularisation and in case of need for laparotomy. Early diagnosis and timely surgical intervention are the cornerstones of modern treatment to reduce the high mortality of AMI. The emergence of endovascular approaches and modern imaging techniques is developing and providing new treatment options. A multidisciplinary approach based on early diagnosis and treatment is necessary.