Introduction: Supracondylar humerus fractures are the most common fractures of the humerus at the elbow in children. The key role belongs to the age and immaturity of the humerus region. Treatment, even today represents the problem of bone and joint surgery. Gartland classification divides these fractures into four types. Analysis of radiographic parameters will serve as an indicator for treatment selection. Goal: To demonstrate the role of radiographic evaluation by measurement of default radiographic parameters and indicate the choice of treatment for supracondylar fractures of type I and II by Gartland. Material and methods: The study included 60 children aged 4-14 years, divided into two groups, first with initial radiographic analysis and the second one without radiographic analysis. All were treated at the Primary Health Care Center Novi Travnik and Nova Bila Hospital from 2009 to 2011. Analysis was performed using methods of descriptive statistics to calculate the mean and standard deviation, Student’s t-test and Chi-square test. Results: In patients from first group hospitalization, immobilization duration, as well as physical treatment was shorter and more frequently surgical treatment was applied (manual reduction with K-wire fixation) with statistically significant difference (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Radiographic evaluation is one way to choose methods of fracture treatment. The incidence of complications is low, with excellent outcome of treatment and a faster return of children to their daily activities.

Introduction: The rate of attempted vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery has decreased, while the success rate of such births increased. Advances in surgical techniques, the development of anesthesiology services, particularly endotracheal anesthesia, very quality postoperative care with cardiovascular, respiratory and biochemical resuscitation, significantly reduce maternal mortality and morbidity after cesarean section. Progress and development of neonatal services, and intensive care of newborns is enabled and a high survival of newborn infants. Complications after cesarean section were reduced, and the introduction of prophylaxis and therapy of powerful antibiotics, as well as materials for sewing drastically reduce all forms of puerperal infection. Goal: Goal was to establish a measurement value of the parameters that are evaluated by ultrasound. Material and methods: Each of the measured parameters was scored. The sum of points is shown in tables. Based on the sum of points was done an estimate of the scar on the uterus after previous caesarian section and make the decision whether to complete delivery naturally or repeat cesarean section. We conducted a prospective study of 108 pregnant women. Analyzed were: shape scar thickness (thickening), continuity, border scar out, echoing the structure of the lower uterine segment and scar volume Results: The study showed that scar thickness of 3.5 mm or more, the homogeneity of the scar, scar triangular shape, qualitatively richer perfusion, and scar volume verified by 3D technique up to10 cm are attributes of the quality of the scar. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results we conclude that ultrasound evaluation of the quality of the scar has practical application in the decision on the mode of delivery in women who had previously given birth by Caesarean section.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a funcao pulmonar e forca da musculatura respiratoria no periodo pos-operatorio e verificar o efeito do treinamento muscular inspiratorio sobre as medidas de desempenho da musculatura respiratoria em pacientes submetidos a revascularizacao do miocardio. METODOS: Estudo randomizado, incluindo 47 pacientes submetidos a revascularizacao do miocardio com circulacao extracorporea. Os pacientes foram divididos em grupo controle (GC), 24 pacientes, e grupo estudo (GE) 23 pacientes, com idade media de 66,33 ± 10,20 anos e 61,83 ± 8,61 anos, respectivamente. O GE foi submetido a fisioterapia convencional e ao treinamento muscular inspiratorio com threshold® IMT e o GC a fisioterapia convencional. Foram comparadas as pressoes respiratorias maximas (Pimax e Pemax), volume corrente (VC), capacidade vital (CV) e pico de fluxo expiratorio (Peak Flow) no pre-operatorio (Pre-OP), 1o e 3o dias de pos-operatorio (PO1) e (PO3). RESULTADOS: Observou-se reducao significativa em todas as variaveis mensuradas no PO1, quando comparadas ao pre-operatorio, nos dois grupos estudados, Pimax (P<0,0001), Pemax (P<0,0001), VC: GE (P<0,0004) e GC: (P< 0,0001) e CV GE: (P<0,0001) e GC: (P<0,0001) e peak flow (P<0,0001). No PO3, o GE apresentou em comparacao ao GC, maior valor de CV, GE 1230,4 ± 477,86 ml vs. GC 919,17 ± 394,47 ml (P= 0,0222) e VC GE 608,09 ± 178,24 ml vs. GC 506,96 ± 168,31 ml (P=0,0490). CONCLUSAO: Pacientes submetidos a cirurgia cardiaca sofrem reducao da CV e da forca muscular respiratoria apos a cirurgia. O treinamento muscular realizado foi eficaz em recuperar o VC e a CV no PO3, no grupo treinado.

This paper aims to analyze economies which are affected by the European debt crisis most by examining the effects on the Western Balkans countries reflected by Foreign direct investments flows of selected countries, trade performance indicators of Western Balkans and remittances from abroad. The analysis comprises the following countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. The data set used in the analysis has been extracted from the following databases: UNCTAD, World bank, Eurostat, World Trade Organization from National statistics.Structure of the paper is given as follows: Section 2 deals with new economic trends and new developments in the countries of Western Balkans from the moment of their independence. Section 3 discusses the recent developments in the foreign trade for the last decades between European Union-27 and Western Balkan also it describes the main specific features of the overall trade performance indicators of Western Balkan for last two decades. Section 4 compares and analyses the implications of debt crisis in European Union-27 on the economies of Western Balkans during current debt crisis.Our findings show that the debt crisis in European Union-27 has indeed affected the countries of Western Balkans to a particular degree through financial and trade linkages.

El objetivo de este estudio fue el de describir el perfil de anticuerpos, IgM, anti-PGL-1, metodo de ELISA, en donantes de sangre de areas de muy alta endemicidad e hiperendemicas en hanseniasis en el Estado de Para, Brasil, utilizando punto de corte (PC) ≥ 0,20. Otros objetivos fueron los de correlacionar los niveles de anticuerpos anti-PGL-1 a factores demograficos y la vacuna BCG e identificar el PC para la prueba anti-PGL-1 con base en el promedio de los niveles hallados. Los resultados no mostraron significancia estadistica entre sexo, edad, presencia de cicatriz de BCG y los niveles de anti-PGL-1. Se identificaron tres PCs: general, por hemocentro y por municipios. Con PC ≥ 0,13 (general), la seropositividad en las variables fue el doble en numeros absolutos, de 15 para 36, resultado estadisticamente no significativo (p > 0,05). El promedio de los niveles de anti-PGL-1 fue muy bajo para areas de parametros elevados, y no reflejaron la magnitud de la endemicidad de la hanseniasis en esas areas. El PC mas bajo se presento mas adecuado al comportamiento serologico identificado