Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the use of the SIP score and the quality of life impairment in patients with ileal conduit and orthotropic ileal derivations by Hautmann and AbolEnein/Ghoneim. Methods: Prospectively evaluated 146 patients in different age groups. In 66 patients ileal conduit derivation was performed, in 20 patients orthotropic derivation using Hautman technique was recorded and in 20 of them AbolEnein/Ghoneim was used. Prior to examining patients with urinary diversions, 40 patients with minor urological symptoms not requiring any active treatment, were surveyed in order to validate SIP score. Six months after the operation, all patients with urinary diversions filled the SIP score questionnaire. Results: Using Crombach’s Alpha equation the high reliability of SIP questionnaire was proven. Average scale value was 0,93. Using descriptive statistics mean values of all categories and dimensions of the SIP questionnaire of examined patients were determined, calculated according to the questionnaire manual being converted to percentage. Total value of SIP score for the ileal conduit group was 34,76% and in orthotropic derivation 18,52% respectively. For Hautmann procedure total SIP score was 18,35% and for AbolEnein/Ghoneim 18,7%. In the control group total SIP score was 9%. The most influential dimensions on the total score of ileal conduit were physical and psycho-social, while independent dimension did not significantly influent total SIP score. Conclusion: Taking into consideration the lack of questionnaires on quality of life for urinary derivations, SIP score as a general disease influence to the quality of life questionnaire represents a reliable alternative for objectification and quantification of the quality of life upon urinary derivation. According to this instrument, orthotropic derivations provide significantly better quality of life compared to ileal conduit.

Personal health information is regarded by many as being among the most confidential of all types of personal information. Due to violation of the right to privacy the European Court of Human Rights issued large number verdicts against EU countries, for failure to protect citizens' medical records and confidential data that they contain. Many data protection laws and the EU Data Protection Directive require that the data controller must implement appropriate technical and organizational measures to protect personal data. Personal health information is considered a special category of personal data, for which an extra level of protection is required under data protection rules. Taking into account increasing use of automatic processing of medical data by information systems, this paper presents issue of personal health information protection and the situation in this matter in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The process of domestication has arguably provided dogs (Canis familiaris) with decreased emotional reactivity (reduced fear and aggression) and increased socio-cognitive skills adaptive for living with humans. It has been suggested that dogs are uniquely equipped with abilities that have been identified as crucial in cooperative problem-solving, namely social tolerance and the ability to attend to other individuals’ behaviour. Accordingly, dogs might be hypothesised to perform well in tasks in which they have to work together with a human partner. Recently, researchers have found that dogs successfully solved a simple cooperative task with another dog. Due to the simplicity of the task, this study was, however, unable to provide clear evidence as to whether the dogs’ successful performance was based on the cognitive ability of behavioural coordination, namely the capacity to link task requirements to the necessity of adjusting one’s actions to the partner’s behaviour. Here, we tested dogs with the most commonly used cooperative task, appropriate to test behavioural coordination. In addition, we paired dogs with both a conspecific and a human partner. Although dogs had difficulties in inhibiting the necessary action when required to wait for their partner, they successfully attended to the two cues that predicted a successful outcome, namely their partner’s behaviour and the incremental movement of rewards towards themselves. This behavioural coordination was shown with both a conspecific and a human partner, in line with the recent findings suggesting that dogs exhibit highly developed socio-cognitive skills in interactions with both humans and other dogs.

INTRODUCTION Every clinical trial has to meet all ethical criteria in addition to the scientific ones. The basic ethical principles in the clinical trials are the following: nonmaleficence, beneficence, respect for autonomy and the principle of justice. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to analyse clinical cases with the outcomes leading to the changes in regulatory-ethical framework related to the clinical trials, as well as the outcomes of key clinical trials that influenced the introduction of the ethical principles into clinical trials. METHODS This was a descriptive research (methods of analysis and documentation; desk analysis of the secondary data). RESULTS By analysing the cases from the secondary sources as well as clinical and ethical outcomes, it may be noticed that the codes, declarations and regulations have been often preceded by certain events that caused their adoption. Moral concern and public awareness of the ethical issues have initiated not only the development of numerous guidelines, codes, and declarations, but also their incorporation into the legislative acts. CONCLUSION It is desirable that ethical instruments become legally binding documents, because only in this way will be possible to control all phases of the clinical trials and prevent abuse of the respondents.

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary embolism (PE) is many times life treating disease, and the diagnosis should be achieved as soon as possible. Presence of fever may be or not present at the start of PE. Haemoculture should be performed any time if PE is linked with fever. It is very important to check out any symptom and sign of PE. D-dimmer may only exclude the diagnosis, but for this purpose it is very important. AIM: To analyze the most important predictors for clinical course and outcome of septic or no septic PE: METHODS: Patients with PE treated in Department of Pulmology in General Hospital Tesanj. PE was considered if Geneve score was five points or more. For any patient CT scan of the chest, chest X-ray at admission, and 4th, 7th and 14th day of hospitalization. Lactat-dechidrogenase, Creatin-kinase, CRP, D-dimmer, ECG and blood gas analyzes were performed, so. RESULTS: During one year of follow up 36 patients were considered for PE, according to Geneve score, among them 11 with septic embolie. In patients with no septic PE no changes on control Chest X-ray were seen, but in any of septic ones X-ray appearance showed progression. Other parameters were nearly the same, with moderate higher level of CRP in PE. The gold standard for diagnosis of PE rest double scintigrafic imaging of the lung, with ventilation and perfusion phase. D-dimmer is very useful parameter to exclude if PE is not occurred. CONCLUSION: The most important parameter to distinguish septic or no septic PE was dynamic changes of chest X-ray appearance with substantial more progression in septic than in non septic ones.

Molecular regulatory mechanisms of lung cancer initiation and progression are poorly understood. Role of micro RNA (miRNA) 19a in lung cancer is still controversial, as well. Treatments of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly of the squamous subtype are limited. However increasing evidence point many molecular markers as potential prognostic and therapeutic tools. Purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in miR-19a, as well as miR-126 and let-7b expression profiles between NSCLC tumor tissue and healthy lung tissue. Also, the purpose was to evaluate the relationship of miR-19a, miR-126 and let-7b expression to survival outcomes in NSCLC patients but to evaluate the differences of their prognostic values between squamous and adenocarcinoma subtypes. 50 non-small lung cancer patients (32 squamous and 18 adenocarcinoma) and 45 healthy individuals were included. miRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Microvascular density was immunohistochemicaly quantified by factor VIII-related antigen. One- and two-years survival outcomes were observed. Expression of anti-angiogenic miR-19a, miR-126 and let-7b were significantly lower in tumour tissue compared to control lung tissue. Low miRNAs expression correlated with worse progression-free survival in both squamous and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Poor overall survivals were associated with low miRNAs expression only in the squamous lung cancer. Besides miR-126 and let-7b, our observations confirm also anti-angiogenic role of miR-19a in NSCLC patients and suggest the potential new target therapy in squamous lung cancer.

In scientific circles, the reference is the information that is necessary to the reader in identifying and finding used sources. The basic rule when listing the sources used is that references must be accurate, complete and should be consistently applied. On the other hand, quoting implies verbatim written or verbal repetition of parts of the text or words written by others that can be checked in original. Authors of every new scientific article need to explain how their study or research fits with previous one in the same or similar fields. A typical article in the health sciences refers to approximately 20-30 other articles published in peer reviewed journals, cite once or hundreds times. Citations typically appear in two formats: a) as in-text citations where the sources of information are briefly identified in the text; or b) in the reference list at the end of the publication (book chapter, manuscript, article, etc.) that provides full bibliographic information for each source. Group of publishers met in Vancouver in 1978 and decided to prescribe uniform technical propositions for publication. Adopted in the 1979 by the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, then the International Committee of Medical Journals Editors (ICMJE), whose review in 1982 entered the official application by 300 international biomedical journals. Authors writing articles for publication in biomedical publications used predominantly citation styles: Vancouver style, Harward style, PubMed style, ICMJE, APA, etc. The paper gives examples of all of these styles of citation to the authors in order to facilitate their applications. Also in this paper is given the review about the problem of plagiarism which becomes more common in the writing of scientific and technical articles in biomedicine.