In this article, I explore how the memories of the missing men that perished in the Bosnian War have been framed, forged and relayed among the surviving family members by means of photography. I analyse three cases of the use of photography and its creative processing among the surviving relatives through which they sought to add a sense of individuality to the objects of camera – their missing family members. The data for this article are derived from my ethnographic engagement with the Bosnian communities of genocide survivors resettled in Australia and the United States, combined with the visual analysis of artworks relative to the topic of lost family members. The article also highlights the conductivity of photography through which the post-generation identifies with and processes the ancestral trauma of genocide. The findings from this article re-visit the importance of materiality in the service of memory, through which the loss is mediated, transformed, transmitted and embraced. I argue that closer scholarly engagement with personal(ised) modes of honouring and remembering the individual victims of genocide can foster a better understanding of its emotional reverberations and impact on the healing of affected societies.

Blasting is a key process that plays a significant role in various industries, including mining and construction. To measure the effectiveness and potential impact of a blast generated by different explosives, industry professionals use a widely accepted parameter known as TNT (trinitrotoluene) equivalent. This manuscript provides an overview of the approach based on the application of the explosive equivalency principle in the prediction of the seismic effects caused by the detonation of different explosives. The explosive equivalents of studied explosives are derived from the results of thermochemical calculations using the EXPLO5 code and compared to field tests. The results have demonstrated that the equivalency approach can potentially be a useful tool in the assessment of blast-induced seismic effects.

Genetic diversity is essential for maintaining healthy populations and ecosystems. Several approaches have recently been developed to evaluate population genetic trends without necessarily collecting new genetic data. Such “genetic diversity indicators” enable rapid, large-scale evaluation across dozens to thousands of species. Empirical genetic studies, when available, provide detailed information that is important for management, such as estimates of gene flow, inbreeding, genetic erosion and adaptation. In this article, we argue that the development and advancement of genetic diversity indicators is a complementary approach to genetic studies in conservation biology, but not a substitute. Genetic diversity indicators and empirical genetic data can provide different information for conserving genetic diversity. Genetic diversity indicators enable affordable tracking, reporting, prioritization and communication, although, being proxies, do not provide comprehensive evaluation of the genetic status of a species. Conversely, genetic methods offer detailed analysis of the genetic status of a given species or population, although they remain challenging to implement for most species globally, given current capacity and resourcing. We conclude that indicators and genetic studies are both important for genetic conservation actions and recommend they be used in combination for conserving and monitoring genetic diversity.

The quantum-mechanical transition amplitudes for atomic and molecular processes in strong laser fields are expressed in the form of multidimensional integrals of highly oscillatory functions. Such integrals are ideally suited for the evaluation by asymptotic methods for integrals. Furthermore, using these methods it is possible to identify, in the sense of Feynman’s path-integral formalism, the partial contributions of quantum orbits, which are related to particular solutions of the saddle-point equations. This affords insight into the physics of the problem, which would not have been possible by only solving these integrals numerically. We apply the saddle-point method to various quantum processes that are important in strong-field physics and attoscience. The special case of coalescing or near-coalescing saddle points requires application of the uniform approximation. We also present two modifications of the saddle-point method, for the cases where a singular point of the subintegral function exactly overlaps with a saddle point or is located in its close vicinity. Particular emphasis is on the classification of the saddle-point solutions. This problem is solved for the one-dimensional integral over the ionization time, relevant for above-threshold ionization (ATI), while for two-dimensional integrals a classification by the multi-index (α,β,m) is introduced, which is particularly useful for the medium- and high-energy spectrum of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and backward-scattered electrons (for high-order ATI). For the low-energy structures a classification using the multi-index (ν,ρ,μ) is introduced for the forward-scattering quantum orbits. In addition to laser-induced processes such as ATI, HHG and high-order ATI, we consider laser-assisted scattering as an example of laser-assisted processes for which real solutions of the saddle-point equation exist. Particular attention is devoted to the quantum orbits that describe and visualize these processes. We also consider finite laser pulses, the semiclassical approximation, the role of the Coulomb field and the case of laser fields intense enough to lead into the relativistic regime.

As urbanization increases, cities face challenges related to sustainability and mobility. This study, conducted through interviews in March and April 2023, investigates the implementation of smart mobility solutions in German-speaking cities (Austria, Germany, and Switzerland) and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, through a comparative analysis of stakeholder perspectives. Using semi-structured interviews with 25 experts, we explored the opportunities and challenges associated with smart mobility in these distinct socio-economic contexts. The findings reveal significant differences in technological advancement, infrastructural support, and financial resources, providing valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners. This study contributes to the existing literature by bridging the gap between developed and developing regions, offering practical recommendations for achieving sustainable urban transportation systems.

Nigella sativa is a herb that has been used for centuries to treat various ailments, including infectious diseases. The aim of this work was to show in laboratory conditions the influence of different temperature regimes and methods of storage of Nigella Sativa oils on their physicochemical properties and microbiological stability. Analyzes have established that the temperature and method of storage have a significant influence on the change in the quality of the oil, especially when it comes to the total acidity of the oil and the peroxide value, where the values increased with the time of storage. The lowest obtained value for the peroxide number was at the first measurement, Pb = 9.99, which meets the prescribed standards for safe use, then the highest obtained value was 34.47 for the sample that was constantly exposed to the sun in a bright bottle. Also, the values of the iodine number increased with time, where the lowest value obtained was 14.56, and the highest was 102.48. Therefore, it is extremely important that the oil is stored in suitable packaging in dark glass bottles, and that it is protected from direct sunlight and high temperatures.

A severe consequence of SARS-CoV-2 infection that manifests as systemic inflammation and multi-organ involvement is called Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). This review examines the possible relationship between gut barrier integrity, the microbiome, dysregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) signaling, and MIS-C. Clinical and biochemical features of MIS-C are comparable to those of other hyper-inflammatory syndromes, suggesting a dysregulated immune response. One possible explanation for the systemic inflammation seen in MIS-C patients is the SARS-CoV-2-induced dysregulation of the IL-6 signaling pathway. In addition, new data suggest a reciprocal link between gut barrier integrity and IL-6. SARS-CoV-2 exhibits bacteriophage-like behavior, highlighting the role of bacteria as a reservoir for the virus and emphasizing the importance of understanding the bacteriophagic mechanism of the virus in fecal–oral transmission. The increased translocation of viral products and bacterial toxins may result from disrupting the intestinal barrier and cause systemic inflammation. On the other hand, systemic inflammation can weaken the integrity of the intestinal barrier, which feeds back into the loop of immunological dysregulation. In the context of MIS-C, understanding the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 infection, IL-6, and gut barrier integrity may shed light on the etiology of the disease and guide treatment options. Since children with gut dysbiosis may be more susceptible to MIS-C, it is critical to reinforce their microbiome through probiotics supplementation, and plant-fiber-rich diets (prebiotics). Early antibiotic treatment and the use of zonulin antagonists should also be considered.

Efficient and sustainable electrical grids are crucial for energy management in modern society and industry. Govern-ments recognize this and prioritize energy management in their plans, alongside significant progress made in theory and practice over the years. The complexity of power systems determines the unique nature of power communication networks, and most researches have been focusing on the dynamic nature of voltage stability, which led to the need for dynamic models of power systems. Control strategies based on stability assessments have become essential for managing grid stability, diverging from traditional methods and often leveraging advanced computational techniques based on deep learning algorithms and neural networks. This way, researchers can develop predictive models capable of forecasting voltage stability and detecting potential instability events in real-time, whereas neural networks can also optimize control strategies based on wide-area information and grid response, enabling more effective stability control measures, as well as detecting and classifying disturbances or faults in the grid. This paper explores the use of predictive models to assess smart grid stability, examining the benefits, risks, and comparing results to determine the most effective approach.

ABSTRACT Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex comprises 20 species, from which B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, B. bavariensis, and B. spielmanii are directly associated with Lyme borreliosis, while B. bissettiae, B. lusitaniae, and B. valaisiana were detected in individual cases. Their main vector in Europe is the hard tick species Ixodes ricinus. To date, two species, B. spielmanii and B. lusitaniae, have been molecularly detected in Bosnia and Herzegovina. To test for the presence of other Borrelia species, we performed nested PCR targeting intergenic region rrf (5S) – rrl (23S) on DNA isolates from 49 ticks collected from vegetation by flagging method and 43 removed from humans in The Center for Emergency Medical Assistance of the Sarajevo Canton and The Healthcare Centers of the Sarajevo Canton. Borrelia species were detected by one-directional Sanger sequencing of the amplified region using the same forward primer as in PCR. Out of six Borrelia species detected in the present study, this is the first record of B. afzelii, B. garinii, B. burgdorferi s.s. B. bavariensis, and B. valaisiana in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The aim of this study was to assess the ability of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P. Kumm.) to absorb heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Mn, Ni, Cr, Cd, and Pb) from different plant-based substrates and to determine the bioaccumulation factor of the aforementioned heavy metals from the substrate to the oyster mushroom basidiomes. The substrate used in this study were: maize straw, beech sawdust supplemented with wheat bran at a rate of 20%, a mixture of maize straw and spent coffee grounds in a ratio of 70:30, and a mixture of maize straw and spent coffee grounds in a ratio of 50:50. Heavy metal contents in substrate and mushroom samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy using the Shimadzu AA-7000 device, while the bioaccumulation factors of oyster mushroom for each investigated heavy metal were calculated from the heavy metal content in mushrooms divided by that found in substrates. The study showed that oyster mushrooms have a high capacity to absorb Zn and Cd from the growing medium and bioaccumulation factor values for Zn and Cd determined in this study strongly support this observation. On the other hand, bioaccumulation factor values for Ni, Fe, and Mn were less than 0.3 and ranged from 0.04 to 0.05, from 0.09 to 0.12, and from 0.10 to 0.25, respectively. In general, the results of this study lead to the conclusion that substrate chemical composition strongly affects the heavy metal accumulation in oyster mushroom basidiomes. The results of this study also showed that oyster mushrooms can be considered a promising species for Cd and Zn bioremediation.

Uvod: Pandemija COVID-19 pokazala je nedostatke zdravstvenih sustava na globalnoj razini, a najveći utjecaj pandemije doživjeli su zdravstveni profesionalci koji rade u izravnom kontaktu s oboljelim pacijentima. Cilj: Cilj je rada ispitati stavove i mišljenja zdravstvenih profesionalaca koji rade u ruralnim i urbanim područjima Kantona Sarajevo o mjerama zaštite na radnom mjestu, zdravstvenom kadru i organizaciji rada tijekom pandemije COVID-19 od strane nadležnih institucija. Metode: Ispitani su zdravstveni profesionalci koji rade u urbanim i ruralnim područjima u Kantonu Sarajevo koristeći anonimne anketne upitnike čija je osnova bila check lista za provjeru spremnosti zdravstvenih ustanova za pandemiju COVID-19 koju je kreirala Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija. Kriterij za uključivanje u studiju bio je dobrovoljni pristanak ispitanika da sudjeluju u istraživanju. Rezultati: Analiza ustanove i spremnosti sustava na COVID-19 pandemiju ukazala je na mnoge nedostatke zdravstvenog sustava u Kantonu Sarajevo. Utvrđen je umjeren rizik kod odgovora zdravstvenog sustava primarne zdravstvene zaštite na području cijelog Kantona, s tim da je značajno veći rizik utvrđen u urbanim dijelovima Kantona. Utvrđena je značajna statistička razlika u ukupnom riziku (p < 0,001). Na skali od 8 do 40, ukupan rizik u urbanim sredinama iznosio je 21,95 (19 – 25), dok je u ruralnim sredinama iznosio 19,3 (16 – 23). Zaključak: Uvažavanje stavova i mišljenja zdravstvenih profesionalaca koji rade u izravnom kontaktu s pacijentima trebalo bi biti temelj za donošenje odluka u javnoj zdravstvenoj politici. U našoj se studiji, ali i ranije opisanim studijama, uočava pojam adaptabilnosti koji ukazuje na to da se, prema prijašnjim iskustvima, trebaju napraviti korektivne mjere kako bi zdravstveni sustav bio spreman za moguće epidemije i pandemije u budućnosti.

Introduction: With the continuous aging of the population of Western societies, an increase is expected not only in the number of patients with diabetes but also in the number of patients with comorbidities. Population studies suggest that most patients with diabetes have at least one comorbidity. Comorbidities can profoundly impact a person’s ability to care for himself/herself and can present barriers to adherence to lifestyle changes and compliance with therapy. Methods: The research was conducted in the Public Institution Health Centre of Sarajevo Canton - Health Center Hadžići and Health Center Novi Grad. It included 161 patients diagnosed with diabetes; 96 women and 65 men.The respondents were between 18 and 65 years old (the upper age limit for the working population for both genders). The instruments for conducting the research were a questionnaire on the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents and Ferrans and Powers index of quality of life, a version for diabetes. Results: The research included 43.48% of respondents with diabetes mellitus (DM) Type II, 31.06% with DM Type I, while even 25.46% of respondents did not know which type of diabetes they suffered from. There were no statistically significant differences in the Total Quality of Life Index (TQLI) (p=0.328) between respondents with different types of diabetes. The average TQLI value in the group with diabetes duration from 1 to 5 years was 22.07 +/- 5.10; in the group from 6 to10 years was 21.23 +/- 6.0; in the group from 11 to 20 years was 21.86 +/- 4.82; in the group from 21 to 30 years was 19.20 +/- 6.81; and in the group with diabetes duration >30 years, was 23.36 +/- 5.46. High blood pressure was present in 60.24% of respondents, followed by elevated blood fats in 51.55% of respondents, and heart/brain blood vessel diseases, in 43.48% of respondents. Neuropathies were present in 38.5%, visual impairment in 26.08%, and malignant diseases were present in a total of 14.28% of respondents. Conclusion: The average value of the quality of life of respondents with 1 comorbidity was 21.30; with 2 comorbidities 20.91; and with 3 comorbidities was 21.94. There was no statistically significant difference in the quality of life of diabetes patients about the presence of one, two, or more comorbidities (p=0.537). The presence of a greater number of comorbidities in patients with diabetes does not contribute to poor quality of life.