The fruit of Rosa canina (rosehip) has long been used in traditional medicine, and recent studies confirm its health benefits due to its content of flavonoids, carotenoids, fatty acids, and high vitamin C levels. This study examined three preparations: infusion, ultrasound-assisted extract, and traditional jam. Total phenols were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and antioxidant activity by the DPPH method. The highest total phenolic content was observed in the infusion of dried fruit (163.477 mg GAE/l), followed by the fruit extract (44.932 mg GAE/l), with the jam extract showing the lowest content (23.477 mg GAE/l). Antioxidant activity was assessed via DPPH inhibition percentage and IC50 values to identify the most effective form of compounds. The findings suggest that infusion of dried rosehip fruit provides the highest antioxidative capacity, highlighting its potential as a functional food ingredient.

We develop an asymptotic theory for strict minimum message length (SMML) estimators in regular parametric models with countable data spaces. We show that, asymptotically, the optimal SMML partition is induced by a weighted Fisher--Voronoi tessellation in parameter space, pulled back through the maximum likelihood estimator. We further show that each SMML codepoint is asymptotically a weighted average of the maximum likelihood estimates associated with observations in its cell. These results imply that the SMML estimator is consistent and converges at the usual parametric $n^{-1/2}$ rate under standard regularity conditions. We also give a Kullback--Leibler projection interpretation of SMML codepoints and a decomposition of the expected SMML codelength into an assertion entropy and an expected conditional cross-entropy. In exponential families, the theory simplifies further: SMML codepoints satisfy a moment-matching condition, and optimal SMML cells are induced by a polyhedral partition of the sufficient-statistic space.

Urbanization of cities demands efficient spatial management. The construction of utility lines significantly alters the spatial landscape. The subsurface space is often neglected, resulting in outdated or absent records of underground utility infrastructure. This clearly underscores the need and importance of maintaining accurate utility records. Modern non-destructive techniques for underground utility detection, such as ground penetrating radar (GPR), can enhance the documentation and mapping of subsurface infrastructure. The subject of this paper is the optimization of GPR survey and processing workflows to improve the accuracy of underground utility detection when using the Leica DS2000. The research comprises both theoretical and experimental analyses, including the application of various GPR data collection methods on test sites. The experimental component of the research was conducted using the Leica DS2000 GPR system. The geospatial data were processed using several software applications, including uNext Advanced, IQMaps, and Geolitix. Based on the multicriteria analysis of these results and an assessment of detection accuracy, an optimal workflow (decision diagram) was defined for the detection of underground utility infrastructure using Leica DS2000 under favorable soil conditions. This study explored the feasibility of efficiently updating the cadastral database of public utility infrastructure through non-invasive technologies, thereby contributing to the improvement of subsurface utility infrastructure management.

In this study, we analyze a discrete two-dimensional host–parasitoid model in which the host population follows logistic growth and is additionally subject to a strong Allee effect on the proportion of hosts that avoid parasitism. The parasitoid population dynamics are driven by host availability, attack success rate, and the number of parasitoids produced per successful attack. We classify the equilibrium points and explore the system’s local and global dynamics. Our analysis shows that, in certain parameter regions, an extinction equilibrium can be globally stable. For the boundary equilibrium, we prove the existence of transcritical and period-doubling bifurcations. Regarding interior equilibria, when multiple equilibria exist, their stabilities alternate. We prove the occurrence of codimension-1 period-doubling and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations, indicating the emergence of complex dynamics, including quasi-periodic and even chaotic behavior. Despite the possibility of complex dynamics, we prove that the system can exhibit uniform persistence and permanence under specific conditions, thereby ensuring the long-term coexistence of the host and parasitoid populations.

This text is a review of the book: Nidžara Ahmetašević, Media as a Tool of International Intervention: House of Cards, Routledge, London and New York, 2024

The phenomenon of digital obituaries and posthumous identities is increasingly shaping the way contemporary society perceives death, remembrance, and the grieving process. Death no longer signifies the complete end of social presence, as digital profiles of the deceased remain active on social media platforms even after physical death, enabling a continuity of symbolic connection with them. This paper explores the emotional, psychological, social, ethical, and legal dimensions of digital memorialization, focusing on the impact of virtual spaces and algorithmic reminders on the grieving process and emotional resolution. A qualitative approach was employed in analyzing secondary sources, grounded in contemporary theories of identity, grief, and digital legacy. The paradoxes of digital mourning are analyzed, wherein memorial profiles and digital obituaries may offer a sense of presence and support, yet simultaneously prolong emotional attachment and hinder acceptance of loss. The paper also examines how the algorithmic functioning of digital platforms generates memories and reminders without sensitivity to the emotional state of users, potentially burdening the grieving process further. It raises critical ethical and legal questions surrounding the management of digital identities after death, including unclear ownership, control, and rights to content removal. The complexity of survivors’ emotional responses and the growing significance of digital legacy further reinforce the need for clear regulations aligned with the psychological dimensions of grief and ethical principles of dignity. In this context, digital memorialization emerges not only as a form of remembrance, but also as a challenge requiring thoughtful consideration within the frameworks of mental health, social practice, and legal accountability.

Global birth rates have been in steady decline and are projected to continue this trajectory in the coming decades. While existing literature provides important insights into the demographic and socioeconomic dimensions of this trend, there remains a critical gap in theoretical frameworks that engage with the broader implications of declining fertility. Current family planning programs often concentrate on pregnancy and postnatal care but tend to overlook the preconception period, particularly the need to equip women with the resources and autonomy required to make informed decisions about reproduction. Such omissions may have unintended consequences for women’s reproductive choices and broader fertility patterns. Meanwhile, rather than centering policy efforts solely on increasing birth rates, it is imperative to shift the focus toward improving the quality of births which emphasizes the long-term comprehensive benefits to individuals, families and society. This approach necessitates the provision of comprehensive support covering the entire reproductive cycle for women, supported by robust engagement from the global health community. This study seeks to explore the multifaceted factors that shape women’s capacity and inclination to bear children under conditions conducive to positive maternal and infant outcomes. It introduces a holistic framework designed to inform the policies and practices of health and governmental institutions, with the aim of promoting women’s overall well-being and effective and sustainable fertility outcomes.

The Wallace--Freeman estimator is a classical invariant point estimator whose large-sample properties have not been fully developed in a modern asymptotic framework. We show that the estimator can be formulated as a penalised M-estimator with a specific penalty weight, yielding a unified route to its asymptotic analysis. This representation allows us to establish existence, consistency, an asymptotic linear expansion, and asymptotic normality under standard regularity conditions. We further derive the first-order difference between the Wallace--Freeman estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator, and show that this induces an explicit $O(n^{-1})$ bias correction determined by the gradient of the penalty. As a consequence, the Cox--Snell bias formula for the maximum likelihood estimator extends naturally to the Wallace--Freeman estimator by the addition of a penalty-driven correction term. As an illustration, we derive the first-order bias of the Wallace--Freeman estimator for the Weibull model and show how the penalty modifies the corresponding maximum likelihood bias. These results place the Wallace--Freeman estimator within the general theory of penalised likelihood and provide a rigorous asymptotic basis for its use in parametric inference.

Autori u radu pišu o političkoj situaciji u Banja Luci od 1990. do kraja 1992. godine. To je period od održavanja prvih višestranačkih izbora do perioda intenzivne kampanje protjerivanja i masovnih zločina u Banja Luci. Osim osvrta na rezultate izbora 1990., demografska slika opštine prema popisu stanovništva u Bosni i Hercegovini 1991. godine imala je veoma važnu ulogu u odnosu prema brojčano manjinskim narodima. U Banja Luci i cijeloj Bosanskoj krajini već su 1991. godine bile vidljive refleksije agresije Jugoslovenske narodne armije (JNA) na Hrvatsku, što je dovelo do zaoštravanja međunacionalnih odnosa. Izbijanjem agresije na Republiku Bosnu i Hercegovinu 1992. godine počinjeni su masovni zločini nad banjalučkim civilima bošnjačke i hrvatske nacionalnosti od strane Vojske Srpske Republike BiH (VSrRBiH) / Vojske Republike Srpske (VRS) i pripadnika policijskih struktura pri Ministarstvu unutrašnjih poslova (MUP) SrRBiH/RS. Terorisanje, zločini, prisilno odvođenje u logore i druga mjesta zatočenja te progon nad pripadnicima ova dva naroda nastavljeni su i nakon 1992. godine o čemu govore relevantni dokumenti i svjedočenja očevidaca.

Abstract Congenital intrinsic obstruction at or near the duodenojejunal junction is exceptionally rare and most commonly results from incomplete embryonic recanalization, leading to the formation of a mucosal web. We report a 7-day-old term male neonate (birth weight 3350 g) who presented with persistent feeding intolerance and intermittent bilious vomiting since birth. Abdominal radiography showed marked dilation of the stomach and duodenum with distal bowel gas. An upper gastrointestinal contrast study revealed a conical narrowing at the duodenojejunal junction. Surgical exploration revealed a mucosal web located immediately distal to the duodenojejunal junction. Given the marked luminal disparity, simple web excision was deemed inadequate, and segmental resection with primary end-to-end jejunojejunal anastomosis was performed. Postoperative recovery was uneventful. Proximal jejunal webs near the duodenojejunal junction are rare but surgically correctable causes of neonatal bilious vomiting and should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

ABSTRACT Indoor spaces contain diverse microbial communities that shape human health. These microorganisms are particularly relevant to respiratory diseases, including asthma and allergies. Despite growing recognition of the importance of indoor microbial exposures, research in this field is slowed by differences in methods. These inconsistencies make it difficult to compare results and draw conclusions. This systematic review analyses 106 studies published between 2000 and 2025 that investigated indoor microbiomes in dust, air, and other matrices across homes, schools, and other built environments. We assessed sampling strategies, DNA extraction protocols, sequencing technologies, and bioinformatic pipelines, identifying trends, inconsistencies, and areas requiring harmonisation. Passive sampling, particularly dust collection, was the most common approach, while Illumina‐based 16S rRNA and ITS amplicon sequencing dominated molecular analyses. However, variations in targeted gene regions, extraction kits, and analytical tools limited cross‐study comparability. Ecological findings revealed consistent detection of bacterial taxa such as Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Corynebacterium, and fungal taxa including Cladosporium, Aspergillus, and Penicillium, with diversity shaped by building characteristics, ventilation, humidity, occupancy, and presence of pets. This review highlights the need for standardised protocols in indoor microbiome research to facilitate reproducibility, enable meta‐analyses, and inform health‐related guidelines for indoor environments.

In this paper, the dynamic analysis of a vibro-impact system with ideal excitation and various friction models is performed. A physical model of an oscillating mechanical system with possible impact occurrence is presented and the corresponding mathematical model is derived by using Lagrange’s equations of motion. To describe interaction between impact element and environment, three different friction models are considered: Coulomb, viscous and Coulomb-Stribeck model. Newton’s impact law with a coefficient of restitution is employed to describe relationship between pre-impact and post-impact velocities. The dynamic behavior of the vibro-impact system under the ideal excitation, where the system does not influence the excitation source, is investigated for each friction model by numerically solving the governing equations. The results of numerical analysis are presented through amplitude-frequency diagrams, displacement-time responses and phase portraits. The main objective is to determine the influence of different friction models on amplitude-frequency diagrams, particularly on the regions exhibiting impact and non-impact behavior. For parameter regions with multiple coexisting solutions, basins of attraction are constructed to illustrate the dependence of the system regime on initial conditions.