Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is associated with Kaposi sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman disease (MCD), and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), important causes of morbidity among people living with HIV. Data on these diseases remain limited from Central and Eastern Europe compared with Western Europe. We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional survey, using an online questionnaire distributed to HIV physicians within the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe Network Group, comprising epidemiology, diagnostic capacity, and management of HHV-8-related diseases. Twenty-six HIV treatment centres from 22 countries participated, providing care for 36,845 people living with HIV. A total of 55 cases of KS (1.49 per 1000 PLWH) were reported, of which 35 (63.6%) had visceral involvement. MCD and PEL were uncommon, with 7 and 4 cases, respectively. Diagnostic capacity varied between centres: computed tomography was available in 80.8%, bronchoscopy in 30.8%, and gastroscopy in 23.1%. Antiretroviral therapy alone was the most common first-line treatment for limited KS, while pegylated liposomal doxorubicin was accessible as first-line and/or second-line treatment in 46.2% of centres. HHV-8-related diseases remain uncommon but clinically relevant complications of HIV infection in Central and Eastern Europe. Regional variability in diagnostic resources and treatment availability highlights the need for strengthened referral pathways and guideline-adherent care.

Background/Objectives: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus characterized by progressive myocardial remodeling driven by oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. The interleukin-33 (IL-33)/soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) signaling axis has recently emerged as an important regulator of cardiac remodeling and a potential therapeutic target in DCM. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glycine exhibit complementary antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; however, their combined effects on circulating IL-33 and sST2 levels and myocardial structural remodeling in experimental diabetes remain insufficiently investigated. This study evaluated the effects of NAC and glycine, administered alone or in combination, on oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, cardiac morphology, and serum sST2 levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty-four adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: healthy controls, untreated diabetic animals, diabetic animals treated with NAC (100 mg/kg/day), glycine (250 mg/kg/day), or combined NAC and glycine for 12 weeks. Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (55 mg/kg). Serum concentrations of sST2, IL-33, malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined. Cardiac remodeling was evaluated by stereological and histopathological analyses. Results: Experimental diabetes significantly increased serum sST2, IL-33, and MDA concentrations and induced marked myocardial remodeling characterized by expansion of the interstitial and perivascular compartments, increased connective tissue deposition, and reduced cardiomyocyte volume density. Both NAC and glycine significantly attenuated these biochemical and structural abnormalities compared with untreated diabetic animals. Treatment effects varied across outcomes. The combined NAC and glycine regimen was associated with particularly pronounced reductions in sST2 and IL-33 and with preservation of myocardial architecture, whereas the magnitude of improvement in oxidative stress markers differed between treatment groups. Conclusions: NAC and glycine, administered either alone or in combination, attenuated several biochemical and structural alterations associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The magnitude of these effects varied across the assessed outcomes, with the combined regimen showing particularly favorable effects on circulating sST2 and IL-33 levels and myocardial structural remodeling, while some oxidative stress parameters showed greater improvement with NAC monotherapy. These outcome-dependent effects highlight the potential complementary actions of NAC and glycine without implying uniform superiority of the combined regimen. Overall, these findings provide an experimental basis for further investigation of NAC- and glycine-based therapeutic approaches for diabetes-associated myocardial remodeling.

Purpose To compare federated learning (FL) and centralized learning (CL) performance for brain tumor classification and segmentation and examine whether specific configurations confer measurable performance advantages. Materials and Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched from inception to March 4, 2026. Classification accuracy was pooled using random-effects meta-analysis, with heterogeneity quantified using I2; other metrics were summarized descriptively. Paired differences in classification accuracy and Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) were assessed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Mixed-effects meta-regression and subgroup analyses evaluated whether specific configurations were associated with performance differences. Results Of 3,880 records identified, 50 studies were included (26 classification/detection, 26 segmentation; 2 in both). Within-study differences between FL and CL performance were -0.87 percentage points (pp) for classification accuracy (95% CI [-3.32, +1.44]; P = .41, k = 13) and -1.29 pp for segmentation DSC (95% CI [-4.23, +0.81]; Holm-corrected P = .50, k = 11). In unmatched single-arm analyses, pooled classification accuracy was 96.77% for FL (k = 18) versus 96.86% for CL (k = 9); the pooled DSC for segmentation was 84.95% (k = 24) versus 84.61% (k = 11). Heterogeneity was high (I2=93.3-96.5%); the 95% prediction interval for FL accuracy was 86.72-100%. Aggregation strategy, training sample size, task category, and independent and identically distributed (IID) versus non-IID partitioning were not associated with performance differences (all P ≥ .38). Conclusion There was no evidence of paired differences between FL and CL in brain tumor classification accuracy or segmentation DSC, and no specific configuration conferred a measurable performance advantage. © RSNA, 2026.

Marketing of foods high in fat, sugar and salt shapes the food preferences and intake of children and adolescents. The primary aim of this study was to culturally adapt and validate the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behavior (SESMEB) for assessing the influence of social media on the eating habits of adolescents in the Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to examine whether this influence differs by sex, place of residence, nutritional status and school attended. A cross-sectional study was conducted in six secondary schools in the city of Doboj in May 2023 and included 362 adolescents attending the third and fourth grades. The SESMEB scale was cross-culturally adapted into Serbian through forward and back-translation, expert panel review and pre-testing. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha and corrected item-total correlations, the factor structure by exploratory factor analysis, and test–retest reproducibility in a subsample of 14 respondents by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Group differences were tested by t -test and ANOVA. The adapted scale showed good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.865), with corrected item-total correlations from 0.346 to 0.638; the data were suitable for factor analysis (KMO = 0.857; Bartlett’s test χ 2 (153) = 2312.380; p  < 0.001). Exploratory factor analysis identified three subscales accounting for 51.5% of the variance, which could not be clearly separated. Test–retest analysis showed no significant difference between administrations ( t  = 0.552; p  = 0.591; ICC > 0.7). Mean scores for all 18 items denoted no perceived influence, with 55.0–76.8% of respondents reporting no effect on their food-related attitudes and practices. Girls scored higher than boys for following nutrition-related content ( p  < 0.05) and for the increase in the desire to eat ( p  = 0.048); differences also emerged by place of residence ( p  = 0.041) and school attended ( p  = 0.008; p  = 0.004). Adopted version of the SESMEB scale is a reliable instrument for assessing the perceived effects of social media on adolescent eating behavior. Most respondents reported no such influence, even though this population is intensively exposed to digital marketing of energy-dense products, suggesting that self-report may underestimate the actual effect of that exposure.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key post-transcriptional regulators implicated in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes underlying multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to identify candidate miRNAs associated with MS and investigate their involvement in disease-related molecular pathways. An integrated in silico workflow was used to identify MS-associated genes, predict regulatory miRNAs, and characterize enriched pathways. Candidate miRNAs were validated in serum EV-enriched fractions from treated and untreated MS patients and healthy controls using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). In silico analysis prioritized four miRNAs (miR-204-5p, miR-17-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-106a-5p) for validation. Their predicted target genes were enriched in pathways related to immune regulation and central nervous system function, including Th17 cell differentiation, MAPK signaling, cytokine signaling, and axon guidance. qPCR revealed significant differences in miR-21-5p and miR-106a-5p expression between MS patients and healthy controls, while miR-204-5p differed between untreated MS patients and healthy controls. Among the four miRNAs evaluated, miR-21-5p was significantly associated with MS status and showed moderate discrimination between MS patients and healthy controls (AUC = 0.7204). These findings identify serum EV-enriched miRNAs as candidate biomarkers of MS, although validation in larger and longitudinal cohorts is required.

BACKGROUND Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is heterogenous disorder of gut-brain interaction, with a key role for the dysregulated host-gut microbiota interplay. IBS subtyping is based only on symptoms of bowel habits, reflecting limited insight into underlying biological mechanisms. Aims: This study aimed to define microbiota-based IBS phenotypes and to compare these to traditional stool-based subtyping. Methods: The study utilised data from the Maastricht IBS cohort. Gut microbiota composition was analysed using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Faecal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Dietary intake and gastrointestinal and mental health symptoms were assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, the Dutch Healthy Diet-15 index, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scores, respectively. Machine-learning approaches were applied to identify microbiota-based phenotypical clusters, which were compared with established Rome III subtypes, and associated with faecal VOCs, gastrointestinal symptom severity, diet and mental health. Results: 178 IBS patients and 134 healthy controls were included. Gut microbiota composition distinguished IBS patients from healthy controls with an AUCROC 0·8. This discriminatory profile was not associated with Rome III subtypes, while statistically significant associations were found with faecal VOCs profiles (i.e. R=0·67, p=4·46e-4) and symptom severity scores of abdominal pain (p=0·05), reflux (p=0·03), and diarrhoea (p=0·01) and depression (p<0·001). Dietary associations varied across clusters. Conclusion: These results suggest that gut microbiota profiling might provide a basis to define relevant IBS endotypes. Further exploration and validation efforts into this direction are needed using longitudinal studies to refine IBS patient stratification ultimately. .

ABSTRACT This paper presents the seismic assessment of a 23-story reinforced concrete residential building in Sarajevo, constructed in 1969. The structural system consists of relatively thin walls and slabs, adapted to implement tunnel formwork technology. The walls were designed and detailed with relatively limited reinforcement, so they do not meet the requirements of contemporary seismic codes. Nonlinear dynamic analyses were performed in SAP2000 and DIANA FEA software packages using earthquake acceleration records. The building exhibits satisfactory global response under moderate shaking but develops nonlinear behavior, reinforcement yielding, and cracking in the lower wall zones during stronger events, confirming its seismic vulnerability.

The production of plum spirits is deeply rooted in the traditions of the Balkan countries, where it ranks among the most popular types of spirit. Various plum varieties are employed to achieve the most aromatic spirit possible. This study investigated the distribution of major and minor volatile compounds in plum distillates produced by blending two plum varieties, Stanley and Požegača. Two blending approaches were evaluated: (i) blending during fermentation and (ii) maceration of fresh Požegača fruit in raw Stanley distillate followed by redistillation. The varieties were combined in three ratios, 90:10, 70:30, and 50:50, with the aim of enhancing the plum aroma of the resulting spirits. Major volatile compounds were analysed by GC-FID, while minor volatile compounds were characterised using GC × GC-MS. All distillates exhibited typical profiles of major volatile compounds. Blending plum varieties proved to be an effective strategy for improving the flavour profile of plum spirits. The relative abundance of minor volatile compounds varied mainly according to plum variety and its proportion in the blend. Fermentation blending resulted in higher relative abundances of α-terpineol, heptanal, benzaldehyde, and γ-dodecalactone, whereas maceration increased the relative abundance of benzyl alcohol, 2-phenylethanol, octanoic acid, and (E)-β-damascenone. Even though maceration blending yielded elevated relative abundances of minor volatile compounds, it did not enhance the sensory qualities of the resulting spirits. Samples containing a higher proportion of Požegača were perceived as having greater aromatic and odour intensity than those containing Stanley. In contrast, the inclusion of Stanley resulted in a more favourable mouthfeel.

Contemporary urban development is characterized by increasing population mobility, rising motorization, and the negative impacts of transport on quality of life and the environment. In response to these challenges, the concept of sustainable urban mobility has been developed, integrating transport and spatial planning, environmental protection, and socio-economic development. The aim of this paper is to analyze contemporary transport planning concepts in the context of sustainable urban mobility, present European experiences, and assess the possibilities for their implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research applies methods of scientific literature review, analysis of the European Union's strategic documents, and a comparative analysis of best practice examples. Particular attention is devoted to Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs), including an analysis of the experiences of Vienna, Copenhagen, Ljubljana, and Barcelona. The results indicate that successful sustainable mobility requires integrated planning, institutional coordination, the development of alternative transport modes, and continuous monitoring of outcomes. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the greatest potential lies in improving public transport, promoting active mobility, implementing intelligent transport systems, and strengthening institutional capacities.

AttractAdria is a Horizon Europe initiative that strengthens research and innovation ecosystems in the Adriatic region by improving research careers and capacity in personalised preventive healthcare. Its ecosystem-based approach combines institutional reform, research-support hubs, mentorship, training, mobility and academia-industry collaboration. Transferable skills are developed alongside competencies in biomarkers, genomics, glycomics, digital health, artificial intelligence, and clinical and translational research. By linking widening-region institutions with international partners, healthcare providers, industry, policymakers and funders, the project aims to improve career development, talent circulation and the region's ability to translate multidisciplinary research into responsible preventive-health innovation.

Extubation is a crucial component of anesthesia practice, requiring clinical expertise and effective communication among anesthesia personnel to ensure patient safety. In situations of insufficient spontaneous respiration, the anesthesia personnel assume control of ventilation using appropriate airway management techniques and anesthetic equipment. To explore the experiences of nurse anesthetists and anesthesiologists regarding extubation. A systematic literature review with an integrative approach was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, including both qualitative and quantitative studies. Literature searches were performed in electronic databases and via web-based sources. Thirteen articles published between 2006 and 2022 were included. Experience was identified as a key factor in optimizing extubation outcomes. Challenges such as poor communication, time constraints, and lack of mutual respect were detrimental to the performance of the anesthesia personnel during extubation. Furthermore, adequate planning and preparation were highlighted as essential components for improving the management of extubation. Experience, effective communication, and structured planning are fundamental to safe extubation practices. Addressing interpersonal and organizational barriers may enhance both health care professionals’ performance and patient safety.

BACKGROUND Unintentional poisoning is a preventable cause of injury-related morbidity and mortality, yet global patterns, trends, and inequalities remain incompletely characterised. Within the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework, unintentional poisoning includes poisoning by carbon monoxide and poisoning by other means, a category largely informed by pesticide poisoning codes plus some indirect capture of other poisoning as part of the GBD re-distribution process. Poisonings by pharmaceuticals and illicit substances are not captured in the GBD definition of poisoning. We aimed to quantify this GBD-defined burden and assess regional variation, sociodemographic gradients, and case fatality between 1990 and 2023. METHODS We analysed GBD 2023 estimates for 204 countries and territories, modelling deaths, incidence, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) using standard GBD cause-of-death and non-fatal estimation methods with 95% uncertainty intervals. We stratified results by age, sex, region, and Socio-demographic Index (SDI), and derived case fatality from modelled deaths and incidence. FINDINGS In 2023, unintentional poisoning from carbon monoxide and other means caused 2·54 million incident poisonings, 69 805 deaths, and 3·68 million DALYs globally, with age-standardised DALY rates declining by 47·5% since 1990. Carbon monoxide accounted for 641 932 poisonings, 30 890 deaths and 1·34 million DALYs, with the highest burdens in central and eastern Europe and central Asia. Most regions showed substantial long-term declines, and the global age-standardised DALY rate for carbon monoxide poisoning declined by 58·2% since 1990. Poisoning by other means caused 1·90 million incident cases, 38 914 deaths, and 2·34 million DALYs, with the greatest burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Most regions showed declining age-standardised DALY rates for poisoning by other means; however, there was no clear change (with the 95% uncertainty interval including zero) in the global estimate, driven by wide uncertainty intervals in several regions (including sub-Saharan Africa). Mortality and DALYs were inversely associated with SDI, and derived case fatality was highest in low-SDI regions. INTERPRETATION Global reductions in GBD-defined unintentional poisoning by carbon monoxide and other means are consistent with decades of regulatory and environmental interventions. These include bans of highly toxic pesticides, improved heating and ventilation systems, emissions controls, and adoption of carbon monoxide alarms. Stark inequalities persist in some regions and in low-SDI settings. Compared with previous GBD publications, this study provides a detailed global assessment of unintentional poisoning by carbon monoxide and other means up to 2023, integrating incidence, DALYs, and comparative case fatality across regions. FUNDING Gates Foundation and the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.

Chronic non-communicable diseases are highly prevalent in older women and are associated with unfavorable changes in body composition (BC). Physical literacy (PL) and physical activity (PA) are key determinants of healthy aging but it remains unclear whether chronic illness modifies not only their levels but also the structural relationships among PL, PA, and BC. This study aimed to examine differences in PL, PA, and BC between older women with- and without-chronic-illness and to compare the structural organization of associations among these variables in two observed groups. The sample included 60 women aged 66.1±9.6 years, categorized in two groups, those with- (n=36) and without-chronic-illness (n=24). PL, and PA were assessed using the validated questionnaires (Perceived Physical Literacy Questionnaire for South Eastern Europe, and Nordic Physical Activity Questionnaire – short version), and BC via bioelectrical impedance analysis. Between-group differences were examined using Welch’s t-tests with Cohen’s d effect size (ES). Pearson correlations were calculated separately by group, and Fisher’s z-tests with FDR correction were applied (91 comparisons). Correlation networks (|r|≥0.25) were constructed to assess cross-domain integration. Women with chronic illness demonstrated lower PL-competence (moderate ES) and higher PL-confidence and PL-knowledge, as well as higher moderate-to-vigorous PA (all moderate ES). No significant differences were observed in BMI, fat mass, skeletal muscle mass, or visceral fat. Prior to correction, PA showed stronger negative associations with fat mass (r=−0.54 vs. 0.11) and visceral fat (r=−0.55 vs. 0.04) in women without-, compared to women with-chronic-illness. Network analysis indicated reduced cross-domain integration between PA and BC in the chronic-illness group. Chronic illness in older women appears to modify the structural relationships among PL, PA, and BC rather than uniformly reducing their levels. The attenuated coupling between PA and BC suggests partial behavioral–physiological decoupling in the presence of chronic disease.

Intracranial aneurysm rupture is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, yet aneurysm detection remains challenging, particularly for small lesions and on routine non-angiographic imaging examinations. To support the development and evaluation of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for intracranial aneurysm detection and localization, the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA), in collaboration with the American Society of Neuroradiology (ASNR), the Society of Neurointerventional Surgery (SNIS), and the European Society of Neuroradiology (ESNR), curated the RSNA Intracranial Aneurysm (RSNA-ICA) Dataset. Developed for the 2025 RSNA Intracranial Aneurysm Detection Challenge, RSNA-ICA is a large, publicly available, expert-annotated dataset comprising 7202 CTA, MRA, and MRI series from 4278 adult patients collected across 21 institutions in 12 countries spanning five continents. The dataset includes 2566 CTA, 2166 MRA, and 2470 MRI series from patients with and without intracranial saccular aneurysms, providing substantial geographic and imaging diversity. Expert annotations indicate both aneurysm presence and location, and 178 series additionally include three-dimensional segmentations of challenge-defined vascular locations. RSNA-ICA was used to develop and evaluate algorithms in the 2025 RSNA Intracranial Aneurysm Detection Challenge. Of the 7202 image series, 5041 are publicly available through MIRA, while the remainder were used for challenge public and private test sets. The dataset is freely available to the research community for noncommercial use and provides a comprehensive resource for advancing AI-based aneurysm detection across both angiographic and routine neuroimaging examinations.