<p>Estmating the risk to pulic health from heavy metals can help solve the basic questions about the potential dangers of exposure to them. This is the first study&nbsp; aimed to assess the health risk for the residents of the municipality of Zenica, on the land closest to the steel industry by examining the heavy metals Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd, Cr and Cu in the soil and plant cultivars corn and chard that could be used for the potential remediation of such soil. With the calculated data for HQ and HI, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk for adults and children were estimated, based on heavy metals in the selected topsoil and plants, which are usually grown in the area of interest, through different ways of their intake. The results showed that there is an unacceptable risk for children and adults due to long-term consumption of investigated plant cultivars from soil contaminated with heavy metals. Constant monitoring and measures to reducing the heavy metal pollution, primarily Cd, Pb and Cr, are necessary in the lands of ​​the municipality of Zenica. Special caution is required for residents who intend to grow plant cultivars near steel industry</p>

<p>The aim of this work was to examine the possibility of stabilizing red mud with a natural mineral, namely pyrophyllite shale, to the extent that it is not harmful to the environment, as well as the use of such a stabilized composite for the production of building materials such as bricks, in order to ultimately achieve a complete circular economy, where on the one hand there would be the utilization of waste material, the preservation of the environment and natural resources, and on the other hand, the production of products of the same quality.</p> <p>Based on the set goal, the results for the composition of red mud and pyrophyllite shale as well as the stabilized composite before and after thermal treatment at 900 &deg;C are presented in the work, and they show that there is a decrease in the proportion of all oxides present in the mixture except silicon, because it is over 63% in pyrophyllite shale. Based on the stabilized composite, building block samples were formed. After the firing process, the samples cracked, and as such they could not be analyzed further. Based on this, it could be concluded that only stabilized composite cannot be used to make bricks.</p>

<p>Nifuroxazide is an antimicrobial drug from the nitrofuran group, which is used in the treatment of acute bacterial intestinal infections. Its mechanism of action is based on the reduction of the nitro group in bacterial cells, which produces reactive metabolites that permanently damage enzymes and the genetic material of microorganisms. Enzymes of redox metabolism are particularly sensitive, among which lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) stands out. In this work, an electrochemical method (cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry) was used to determine kinetic constants. The enzyme LDH (biosensor) was immobilized on a GC electrode and the effect of nifuroxazide on enzyme activity was monitored. The results show that nifuroxazide binds non-competitively to the enzyme and thus changes the enzyme conformation. This process leads to permanent blockade of key metabolic reactions, disruption of the redox balance and death of the bacterial cell.</p>

A comprehensive understanding of fundamental physical laws is essential for effectively using modern medical devices and comprehending the biological processes of organisms. This underscores the necessity of physics as a mandatory course in medical and healthcare studies. However, there is a lack of research regarding medical students’ motivation to learn physics and their awareness of its importance in healthcare, particularly among students in radiology and physiotherapy programmes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess students’ motivations for enrolling in healthcare programmes, their opinions about physics, and their perceived value of physics education for future career competencies. The sample comprised 157 undergraduate students from the physiotherapy and radiologic technology programmes at the Faculty of Health Studies, University of Rijeka, Croatia. Data were collected using a standardised questionnaire and analysed using the non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test and Kruskal–Wallis test. The research findings indicate that most students are enthusiastic about learning physics when they see its practical applications, especially in therapeutic and diagnostic procedures. Additionally, students are primarily motivated by a desire to help others, positive high school experiences, career aspirations, and family influence. Final-year students particularly recognise the significance of physics in diagnostics and therapies. Furthermore, professors’ professionalism and the curriculum’s relevance to future job skills are keymotivators. These findings can be used to develop diverse teaching strategies to enhance student interest, ultimately cultivating experts who can advance healthcare and improve disease diagnosis and treatment. 

In this research, a rapid seismic assessment of the I Gymnasium in Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina) was conducted. The structural information was obtained from original designs, visual inspection, which was supported by the usage of a drone, and infrared thermography. The vulnerability of the structure was assessed by implementing the Vulnerability Index Method (VIM). Once the mean damage grades were obtained for various seismic intensities (EMS 98 scale applied) vulnerability curve was constructed, enabling the quantification of risk for various seismic scenarios. The structure would experience no to minor damage if exposed to weaker earthquakes (IV–V). The most interesting intensities for Sarajevo are VII and VIII, indicating moderate damage. For earthquakes of higher intensities (X–XII), there is a significant increase in heavy and severe damage, leading to the complete collapse in the case of XII intensity level. The paper further discussed the effects that have a direct impact on the degradation of masonry material, leading to a reduction of its resilience. An aspect of inadequate strengthening is emphasized, together with the importance of regular maintenance for prolonging the life of these types of structures.

Background Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being studied as potentially valuable support tools in oncology practice including clinical decision support. Yet, their real-world utility in melanoma treatment decision-making is still not sufficiently considered, especially in resource-limited settings. Accordingly, this study evaluated the performance of four LLMs against real-world treatment decisions of a melanoma multidisciplinary tumor board (MDT). Methods This retrospective single-center study included 151 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed cutaneous melanoma discussed at the MDT at the University Clinical Center Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina, between 2020 and 2024. Melanoma treatment recommendations generated by four LLMs, ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-5 Thinking, Gemini 2.5 Pro and DeepSeek-V3.2, were evaluated by four board-certified oncologists against the actual MDT treatment decisions. Additionally, the LLM-generated recommendations were also rated across five pre-specified domains: clarity, clinical applicability, coverage, explanation and support with evidence, and guideline concordance. Results In this study, inter-rater reliability was acceptable to good, supporting the consistency of expert evaluation. ChatGPT-5 Thinking showed the strongest and most consistent overall performance, followed by ChatGPT-4o, while Gemini 2.5 Pro and DeepSeek-V3.2 were rated less favorably. Differences between LLMs were statistically significant across all evaluated domains. Performance differences appeared most clinically relevant in more complex scenarios, particularly when consideration of adjuvant or systemic treatment strategies was required. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that selected LLMs may have a supportive role in everyday melanoma MDT practice particularly in oncology centers with limited resources. However, the current results do not support the use of LLM-generated recommendations as independent treatment decisions, and further prospective studies are required before LLM-assisted treatment recommendations can be safely integrated into the MDT workflow.

U radu su prezentovani trendovi razvoja interne revizije u Republici Srbiji. Sa teorijskog aspekta trendovi razvoja prezentovani su kroz komparativan prikaz osnovnih specifičnosti zakonskih regulativa koje se odnose na internu reviziju na nivou različitih organizacija iz realnog sektora, sektora bankarstva, osiguranja, javnog sektora i lizinga. U praktičnom delu prezentovana je analiza trenda izdatih sertifikata ovlašćenih internih revizora u periodu od 2008. do 2025. godine. Takođe, prezentovana je analiza sertifikata ovlašćenih internih revizora prema pojedinim oblastima u kojima su interni revizori zaposleni. Najveći broj ovlašćenih internih revizora zaposlen je u okviru realnog sektora, što odgovara i rasporedu organizacija prema obaveznosti uspostavljanja interne revizije.

Monitoring vehicle movements at roundabouts and determining their operational throughput traditionally relies on tracking individual turning movements, a process that is technically demanding, labour-intensive and often impractical for complex multi-leg roundabouts. This study proposes a simplified approach to data collection and the determination of roundabout flow parameters. Two data collection techniques were examined: simplified manual counting of vehicles at entry legs and automated licence plate recognition. For roundabout flow parameters, determining the key methodological contribution is applying the roundabout investigation model (MIKR). Model MIKR enables capacity and turning-movement estimation using only entry and exit counts, thereby substantially reducing the scope of required field observations compared with conventional trajectory-based methods. The results show that licence plate recognition can determine turning flows with an accuracy of approximately 90%. The MIKR model reliably estimates roundabout capacity without requiring vehicle trajectory tracking. These findings confirm the practical value of the MIKR approach and highlight its potential for more efficient and cost-effective traffic-flow analysis at roundabouts.

The flow chart shows the identification of spatially explicit detention basins, their incorporation in the distributed modelling and the received results at the local and catchment scale. Weather extremes in recent years, particularly floods, together with their projected intensification, underscores the need for sustainable approaches to vulnerability reduction through climate adaptation and flood mitigation. Nature-based solutions offer an alternative to conventional grey infrastructure, and upstream water retention is a well-established strategy for reducing downstream flood peaks. This study presents a theoretical assessment of the water-holding capacity and peak-flow-reduction potential of spatially explicit upstream detention basins (DBs) in Svartån, a medium-sized catchment (761 km2) in central Sweden. Potential DB locations were delineated using high-resolution spatial data and their hydrological functioning was evaluated through distributed modelling over a three-year period. Model performance in the baseline scenario was high (Kling–Gupta efficiency: 0.88). Without recalibration, a water-retention scenario introducing 37 DBs across the catchment resulted in a 2–3% reduction in 95th-percentile flows at the catchment scale. At local scales, the corresponding peak flows were reduced by up to nearly 70%, although attenuation efficiency varied depending on the interplay between upstream contributing area, DB-specific storage capacity, and the maximum allowable discharge. Distributed modelling thus provides a useful framework for exploring alternative DB configurations under site-specific constraints and for identifying designs that maximise flow attenuation or support shifts toward broader ecosystem-service provisioning.

A systematic investigation of how different circuit and arc parameters affect the threshold value for the R500 interruption limit (R500th) has been provided. These parameters include the breaker cooling power, arc time constant, time delay of the transient recovery voltage (TRV), parallel capacitance, and network impedance. The results are obtained through black-box model calculations based on Mayr’s arc model. Our findings suggest that the interruption limit for the R500 method has negligible dependency on the cooling power used in Mayr’s arc model. On the other hand, it is shown that larger values of parallel capacitance and TRV time delay led to a decrease of the R500th. On the contrary, R500th rises by increasing the network impedance. These results imply that the influence of arc–circuit interaction must be considered when applying this approach for assessing the interruption limit. As a validation step, the numerical findings have been cross validated by selected measurement results provided in the literature.

Social justice in Islamic theological education represents a concept that is normatively central yet pedagogically underarticulated. Rooted in the Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the broader Islamic intellectual tradition, it carries legal obligation, ethical responsibility, spiritual maturity, and social sensitivity. These sources consistently affirm social justice as a foundational principle of a balanced and equitable social order, but its translation into educational practice remains unabiding. This research examines how social justice is positioned within the higher education syllabus for future Islamic religious education practitioners (teachers and imams) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using Mayring’s qualitative content analysis, in this study, written responses collected through an open-ended qualitative expert survey were analysed. Thematic indicators were developed as an outcome and were used as criteria for the subsequent documentary analysis of the official syllabus. Then followed an analytical examination of the syllabus of a study programme leading to the qualification of Islamic religious education practitioners. The findings indicate that social justice is not explicitly articulated within intended learning outcomes as knowledge, attitude, or pedagogical competence. The analysis structured through Bloom’s taxonomy demonstrates the presence of pedagogical and methodological sensitivity across all cognitive levels, from knowledge to evaluation. This reveals a discrepancy between the normative centrality of social justice and its partial pedagogical realisation. This study identifies a persistent tension between theological ideals and educational practice. The potential for rearticulating a theological–pedagogical framework in which social justice becomes an explicit, lived, and transformative category within practitioners’ education was highlighted as something in place of a conclusion.