Utilizing ornamental plants for phytoremediation provides multiple benefits: they enhance the visual attractiveness of their surroundings and are predominantly non-edible, thus decreasing the chances of bioaccumulation in the food chain. To assess the effectiveness of bluemink (Ageratum houstonianum Mill.) and French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) in removing Cu and Zn from artificially contaminated substrate, a 6-week pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences at Sarajevo University. The experiment consisted of four contamination treatments for each heavy metal examined specifically 0, 100, 250, and 500 mg kg-1 for Zn, and 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 for Cu, with three replication for each treatment. The Zn and Cu levels in the plant samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after the acid  digestion process. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were used to evaluate the phytoextraction potential of the plants. BAF values determined in this study suggest that both plants, bluemink and French marigold, could be regarded as potential hyperaccumulators of Zn, particularly in the case of their long-term cultivation on contaminated soil. 

We report an infrequent case of a full-term male neonate presenting with a large congenital hernia of the umbilical cord (6 cm × 6 cm) containing only the entire left lobe of the liver. Prenatal ultrasonography suggested an omphalocele; however, the definitive postnatal diagnosis was established based on the presence of a narrow rim of normal skin encircling the umbilical ring and the proximal umbilical cord. Primary closure of the fascial defect was achieved successfully, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications observed. The patient recovered well postoperatively and was discharged in stable condition. Accurate differentiation from an omphalocele is crucial for appropriate management. Unlike omphaloceles, congenital hernias of the umbilical cord (CHUC) typically do not require extensive genetic or cardiac evaluation, and their surgical repair is generally less complex. However, awareness of atypical presentations of CHUC can aid in timely diagnosis, guide surgical planning, and improve clinical outcomes.

This study presents the first documented case of healing in the deep-sea sharpnose sevengill shark (Heptranchias perlo), a poorly understood species in the Mediterranean Sea. A juvenile specimen that sustained a traumatic mandibular fracture with extensive soft-tissue avulsion, which likely resulted from de-hooking during a previous longline capture, was retrieved dead by a bottom trawler in the southern Adriatic Sea. Gross pathological and radiographic examinations confirmed that the injury remained isolated to the mandibular region, with no abnormalities detected in the splanchnocranium or the musculoskeletal system. Evidence of advanced healing and scar tissue formation was observed, and stomach content analysis revealed active feeding had occurred despite the injury, suggesting that severe mandibular trauma may not have impaired prey capture or consumption. The documented healing indicates that survival following severe mandibular injury and longline capture is possible in H. perlo, in contrast to the high at-vessel mortality previously recorded for this species in bottom-trawl fisheries. However, this conclusion remains tentative, and our findings highlight the need for further research into the recovery capacity of deep-sea shark species that are impacted by commercial fishing, which is crucial for informing conservation strategies and fishery management.

In the face of increasing financial uncertainty and market complexity, this study presents a novel risk-aware financial forecasting framework that integrates advanced machine learning techniques with intuitionistic fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). Tailored to the BIST 100 index and validated through a case study of a major defense company in T\"urkiye, the framework fuses structured financial data, unstructured text data, and macroeconomic indicators to enhance predictive accuracy and robustness. It incorporates a hybrid suite of models, including extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), long short-term memory (LSTM) network, graph neural network (GNN), to deliver probabilistic forecasts with quantified uncertainty. The empirical results demonstrate high forecasting accuracy, with a net profit mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.03% and narrow 95% confidence intervals for key financial indicators. The risk-aware analysis indicates a favorable risk-return profile, with a Sharpe ratio of 1.25 and a higher Sortino ratio of 1.80, suggesting relatively low downside volatility and robust performance under market fluctuations. Sensitivity analysis shows that the key financial indicator predictions are highly sensitive to variations of inflation, interest rates, sentiment, and exchange rates. Additionally, using an intuitionistic fuzzy MCDM approach, combining entropy weighting, evaluation based on distance from the average solution (EDAS), and the measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) methods, the tabular data learning network (TabNet) outperforms the other models and is identified as the most suitable candidate for deployment. Overall, the findings of this work highlight the importance of integrating advanced machine learning, risk quantification, and fuzzy MCDM methodologies in financial forecasting, particularly in emerging markets.

This study analyzes the relationship between leadership style and innovative work behavior of employees in companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 116 respondents employed in various sectors within the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data were collected using a written survey technique through an adapted questionnaire based on the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the scale for measuring innovative work behavior (De Jong & Den Hartog, 2010). Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis (Cronbach’s Alpha), and correlation analysis were applied for data processing. The results indicate that the transactional leadership style is more pronounced compared to the laissez-faire leadership style. The levels of innovative work behavior of employees showed the highest values in the dimensions of idea exploration and idea generation, while idea promotion and idea implementation were less represented. The correlation analysis revealed that there are statistically significant, but generally low to moderate positive relationships between leadership styles and innovative work behavior. The strongest interrelationships were observed among the different dimensions of innovative work behavior, confirming that innovative activities constitute an interconnected process. Based on the findings, it was confirmed that a high level of innovative work behavior is not present in companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results suggest the need for the development of more contemporary leadership styles and an organizational culture that encourages innovation.

A well-known characterization of Jordan vectors of a matrix polynomial $L(z)$ is generalized to a characterization of Jordan vectors of the operator-valued function $Q(z)$ at an eigenvalue $\alpha \in \mathbb{C}$. The results are then applied to solve a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.

This study examined the effects of structured dance programs on motor competence in preschool children. In a 12-week randomized controlled trial, 80 children were randomly assigned to two dance intervention groups (EG1: 2 × 35 min/week; EG2: 3 × 25 min/week) or a control group (CG) following the standard physical education curriculum. Fine motor skills, fine motor integration, and balance were assessed using the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, administered both before and after the intervention. Significant improvements were observed in EG1 for fine motor precision (p < 0.001), fine motor integration (p = 0.022), and static balance (standing on one leg on a balance beam with eyes open; p < 0.001). EG2 showed significant gains in dynamic balance (walking forward on a line; p < 0.001). Both dance programs enhanced preschoolers’ motor competence compared to the control, with higher session volume producing superior outcomes. These results support integrating structured dance sessions into preschool curricula to effectively enhance motor competence, offering a practical strategy to promote physical development in early childhood.

In a rapidly growing market like the Albanian one, FinTech platforms are playing an increasingly important role in transforming how financial transactions are conducted. The research aims to perform a strategic assessment of ten FinTech platforms currently operating in Albania based on 12 strategic criteria. The assessment is based on multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM). For this, a model based on the fuzzy approach was developed, allowing for the management of uncertainty and subjectivity in evaluating the performance and suitability of the platforms. Specifically, the fuzzy LMAW method was used to weight the criteria, with Security being assigned the highest weight. The ranking of the platforms was conducted using the fuzzy CRADIS method, with EasyPay achieving the best results. Through this model, the research seeks to provide an objective ranking of the platforms based on each criterion’s relative contribution. The findings are expected to help developers, investors, and policymakers better understand the competitive positioning of current players. The results may also highlight areas for further improvement and growth in Albania's FinTech sector.

Resin and charcoal production have historically shaped the cultural and economic life of Bosnia and Herze-govina, particularly in its rural and mountainous regions. Drawing on a historical-descriptive methodological approach, this overview traces the evolution of resin tapping and charcoal production in Bosnia and Herze-govina, outlines traditional and modern techniques, and evaluates their present industrial relevance as well as future development prospects. Although largely supplanted by modern industry, traditional practices continue to provide valuable ecological and engineering insights, particularly for sustainable forest management. In the context of climate change and the growing demand for renewable raw materials, these forest-based activities may acquire renewed significance. Potential directions include the modernisation of production tech - nologies, the integration of circular economy principles, and the diversification of biomass resources. With its abundant forest resources, inherited expertise, and established industrial base, Bosnia and Herzegovina is well-positioned to re-emerge as a competitive and sustainable producer of resin, charcoal, and related products for regional and European markets.

Zakon o digitalnim uslugama EU nastoji da uredi usluge koje se pružaju na internetu i suzbije zloupotrebu ličnih podataka i proliferaciju štetnih sadržaja poput govora mržnje i dezinformacija, odnosno da unapredi opštu bezbednost korisnika. S obzirom na njegovu složenu i slojevitu strukturu, implementacija ovog propisa predstavlja izazov za EU i države članice. Pored prikaza same strukture i pozicioniranja novog propisa u širem kontekstu politika EU u oblasti digitalnih tehnologija, centralno pitanje ovog rada jeste dejstvo Zakona o digitalnim uslugama na legislativu Zapadnog Balkana. Kroz analizu trenutnih prilika u pravnim okvirima u Bosni i Hercegovini i Srbiji, rad izdvaja ključne odredbe ove regulative iz perspektive potencijalnih rizika i interesa za ekonomije Zapadnog Balkana, ukazuje na moguća lokalna rešenja principa podele nadležnosti između institucija EU i država članica, te druga pitanja implementacije.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have transformed the management of type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiorenal disease. Beyond their established glycaemic and weight-lowering effects, both drug classes consistently lower blood pressure (BP), a benefit that remains relatively underrecognized. This review provides an integrated synthesis of trial evidence, real-world data and meta-analyses examining the antihypertensive effects of SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs. Across cardiovascular, heart failure, renal and obesity trials, modest but clinically meaningful BP reductions have been observed in diverse populations, including individuals without diabetes. These effects appear largely independent of glycaemic control and offer additive value in high-risk patients with overlapping comorbidities. The totality of evidence supports the strategic incorporation of these agents into future antihypertensive frameworks, warranting further investigation in dedicated blood pressure-focused trials.

Coniferous forests cover 41% of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with Norway spruce ( Picea abies ) being an ecologically and economically important species. Bark beetles, especially the European spruce bark beetle ( Ips typographus ), pose a major threat, often causing large-scale dieback. Factors such as wind, drought, terrain exposure, and slope can increase susceptibility to outbreaks. This study aimed to assess the influence of these factors on forest health in bark beetle outbreak areas, based on stump measurements after sanitary logging.Fieldwork was conducted in spring 2024 on five known bark beetle hotspots managed by “Šumsko privredno društvo Zeničko-dobojskog kantona” d.o.o. Zavidovići. Data collected included stump diameter, wood decay, bark thickness, tree coordinates (via AlpineQuest), exposure, and slope. Analyses were performed in STATGRAPHICS Plus using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni correction.A total of 507 stumps were analyzed. About 81% were in diameter classes 31–50 cm and 51–80 cm and nearly 48% showed central wood decay. Terrain exposure and slope significantly influenced stump diameters, with the largest averages on SW exposure and 2–5% slopes. Stump diameter also significantly affected decay size, while bark thickness showed no significant variation across exposure or slopes.This research confirmed that Norway spruce in diameter size categories 31–50 cm and 51–80 cm is most vulnerable to bark beetle attacks. This susceptibility is further intensified if trees are located on south-facing, moderate slopes. Central wood decay was present in nearly half of the observed tree stumps, leading to the conclusion that its presence is another predisposing factor for bark beetle attacks. Bark thickness on the observed tree stumps did not vary significantly on different terrains, which is a result that differed from the results obtained in other similar studies.

Food, especially fish meat, is extremely vulnerable to oxidation and microbiological deterioration. Therefore, effective analytical techniques for quality control and safety monitoring are required. Electrochemical biosensors have become reliable, rapid, and affordable devices for in-field and real-time food quality assessment. However, their application is often limited in point-of-need scenarios due to the requirement for intensive sample preparation. Here, we introduce a microneedle array (MNA)-based electrochemical biosensor, designed for direct food safety and quality analysis without the need for sample preparation. A gold (Au)-coated polymeric MNA was functionalized with a chitosan-gold nanoparticles (Ch-AuNP) nanocomposite and further modified by immobilizing xanthine oxidase (XO) for selective hypoxanthine (HX) detection. The MNA-based biosensor exhibited a linear range between 5 and 50 μM, and 50 to 200 μM, with a sensitivity of 0.024 μA/μM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.18 ± 0.75 μM for HX, with a response time of approximately 100 s. Furthermore, the MNA-based biosensor was successfully utilized for monitoring HX levels in fish tissue samples over 48 h, showing strong agreement with results obtained from a commercial Amplex Red assay kit. The technology can be used for real-time food quality assessment and food safety monitoring due to its high sensitivity, interference tolerance, and lack of requirement for sample preparation.

<p>The traditional role of the fa&ccedil;ade, historically centered on providing protection against environmental conditions and reducing CO₂ emissions, has been significantly redefined through advances in software technologies and material sciences. These developments have led to the emergence of the fa&ccedil;ade system as a structurally independent component functioning as an active regulator of energy consumption, thereby creating new opportunities for research and innovation. One approach to studying these systems involves the application of folding principles derived from origami, which facilitates the design of modular geometric structures capable of dynamic environmental responses. Fa&ccedil;ades composed of interconnected, homogeneous elements can effectively regulate daylight penetration and thermal energy accumulation, particularly in zones exposed to direct external influences.</p> <p>To further develop such systems, it is essential to design an origami pattern whose geometric and mechanical characteristics can potentially respond to the given structural and technical challenges. This study explores the potential application of selected origami patterns in kinetic fa&ccedil;ade systems, with a focus on analyzing the actuation mechanisms that control the movement of geometric modules. Furthermore, the research evaluates the justification for integrating kinetic fa&ccedil;ade systems into contemporary architectural practice, with the aim of contributing to the development of sustainable, adaptive, and energy-efficient building envelopes.</p>