Reassessment of the existing didactic-methodological organization within the University lectures as well as the role of students and University lecturers is a result of the current process of higher education reforms. The advancement of pedagogical and didactic-methodological competences of university lecturers represents an imperative in reaching a high quality education. The results of this research may function as a starting point in the self-evaluation of University lecturers. The point of this work was to present didactic and methodical elements of contemporary university teaching, according to Bologna concept of higher education, and position of students. Taking into consideration the very definition and didactic methodological structure and legality of teaching, researches related to representation of individual didactic and methodical elements of contemporary university teaching are presented, which relate to forms of teaching, methods of teaching and application of teaching and technical aids. In the context of the current reform of the high education and considering the Bologna Declaration it could be concluded that contemporary university teaching is marked with cooperative interactive teaching in which the position of students and teachers is defined as partnership.

Aim: The aim of this study is to represent the prevalence of non-communicable diseases risks among patients of family medicine practices in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Risks prevalence was obtained from an organized massive screening being performed by 100 family medicine teams in four cities of the Federation of B&H during 2013. Material and Methods: Our concept of “preventive treatment of a patient” included detecting and monitoring the following chronic non-communicable diseases risk factors: (a) hypertension; (b) obesity; (c) smoking; (d) physical inactivity; and (e) dyslipidemia; (f) diabetes mellitus. Our sample of examined patients was 46.638. Results: Highest risk prevalence within entire F B&H is observed for dyslipidemia (90.3%) and physical inactivity (64.7%). Lowest prevalence was found for blood sugar and hypertension at 19.2% and 21.6%, respectively. Smoking prevalence of the examined patients was 28.4%. Prevalence of the obesity as health risk (ITM > 30) was 25.5 %. It is of interest that statistically significant differences of individual risk prevalence among cities are evident. Risk distribution among cities ranked from highest to lowest prevalence, shows clearly that Sarajevo is leading in four risks compared to the other cities, while Zenica is ranked lowest for four risk factors. The examined population of the four cities can be ranked from lowest to highest prevalence of the examined risk factors as follows: Sarajevo, Mostar, Tuzla, and Zenica.

RATIONALE Mass spectrometry has shown itself to be the most efficient tool for the sequencing of peptides. However, de novo sequencing of novel natural peptides is significantly more challenging in comparison with the same procedure applied for the tryptic peptides. To reach the goal in this case it is essential to select the most efficient methods of triggering fragmentation and combine all the possible complementary techniques. METHODS Collision-induced dissociation (CID), high-energy collision dissociation (HCD), and electron-transfer dissociation (ETD) tandem mass spectra recorded with a LTQ Orbitrap Velos instrument were used for the elucidation of the sequence of the natural non-tryptic peptides from the skin secretion of Rana latastei. Manual interpretation of the spectra was applied. RESULTS The combined approach using CID, HCD, and ETD tandem mass spectra of the multiprotonated peptides in various charge states, as well as of their proteolytic fragments, allowed the sequences of seven novel peptides from the skin secretion of Rana latastei to be established. CONCLUSIONS Manual mass spectrometry sequencing of natural non-tryptic peptides from the skin secretion of Rana latastei provided the opportunity to work successfully with these species and demonstrated once again its advantage over automatic approaches.

Introduction: Materia Socio Medica Journal has a long history. It was founded in 1978. Aim: To evaluate journal articles in 2015 and compare findings to previous years. Material and methods: The study has retrospective and descriptive character, and included the period 2009-2015. Results: A total of 99 articles were published in Materia Socio Medica during 2015 and it shows an upward trend during the period 2009-2015. Original articles are present in majority during the last seven years (69,2%). Analyzing the last seven years, 44,1% of articles were from the field of clinical medicine. Articles from the fields of public health show an upward trend during the last four years. Collaboration rate in 2015 was 0,95. Authors of the articles are from ten countries (four continents). H index of journal is 8 and g index is 12 (Publish or Perish software). According to GoogleScholar, h5 index for Materia Socio Medica is 8 and h5 median is 9. Conclusions: The objectives of the journal in the next year are: to become a part of the Scopus and Web of Science databases, further internationalization and promotion of the journal in the country and the region, revision and broadening of the Editorial Board, trying to follow trend in reducing the number of days required for a decision on acceptance or revision of article and involvement of the younger generation of professionals and scientists into the journal work and publishing scope, which will lead to emergence of new enthusiasm and ideas (Journal intends to follow the trends of modern biomedical publishing worldwide).

Background: necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious condition that affects mostly preterm infants, with high mortality rate. Aim: to estimate the influence of potentially contributing factors of this multifactorial disease. Methods: the study group included 51 necrotizing enterocolitis infants who were less than 37 week gestation who were hospitalized in NICU during a five year period. The control group consisted of 71 patients with approximately the same gestational age and birth weight. Average gestational age in the study group was 30.2 weeks (SD 3.7), average birth weight 1502g (SD 781.5). Average postnatal age in the time of the presenting NEC was 18.2 days (SD 12.8). Results: Logistic regression estimates the influence of risk factors, which in our study related to the treatment of preterm infants on the likelihood of NEC development. Our regression model consisted of seven independent variables (nosocomial infections, mechanical ventilation, nasal continuous positive pressure, morphine, inotropes, blood transfusions, and H2 blockers), which were shown to have a statistically significant impact, X2 (7, n=1222) = 49.522, p<0.0001; two independent variables (nosocomial infection and H2 blockers use) were statistically significant. Preterm infants with nosocomial infection had a three times greater chance of developing NEC, and infants who received H2 blockers had a 1.5 higher risk. Conclusions: Underlying pathology of very low birth weight infants and their treatment in NICU contribute to NEC development. Identifying risk factors can be crucial for the early diagnosis and outcome of disease. Awareness of risk factors should influence changes in practice to reduce the risk of NEC.

The aim: of the study was to determine the situation of preterm births and early neonatal mortality during 2007-2014 in Tuzla Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods: The study covers a 8-year period and is based on the protocols at the Tuzla Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics that covers all birth in Tuzla Canton area. We analyzed the gestational age of all newborns and recorded the number of neonatal deaths in the first week after birth. Demographics, pregnancy and birth characteristics were collected from the maternal records. Results: The total number of births in the period was 32738. Preterm birth was identified in 2401 (7.3%) cases with 12,5% occurring before 32 gestational weeks and 64% in 35-36 gestational weeks. The mothers of the 24-31 gws preterm group were significantly younger that those in the 32-36 group. In the 32-36 group there were significantly greater proportions of mothers with assisted reproductive technology and pre-eclampsia and 16.7% was medical induced preterm births versus 11.4 % in the 24-31 PTB group, p<0.05. The incidence of PTB did no vary significantly during the period, the lowest rate was found in 2010 (6.4%). A total of 221 children died giving a early mortality rate of 6.8 per 1000 live born over the 8 years. The majority 156 dying infants (70.6%) were preterm, only 5.7% died being born in the 35-36 gestational week (5.9 per 1000). Overall the preterm early mortality (7.3 per 1000) has shown a decreasing tendency during the latter years. Conclusion: During the last 8 years there have been no significant decline in preterm birth in the Tuzla region while a decline in early neonatal death has been registered.

Introduction: Due to sedentary lifestyles and excessive calorie intake, metabolic syndrome is becoming increasingly common health problem in the world, as well as in our country, and it is estimated to occur in 30% of the population of middle and older age. The metabolic syndrome is a combination of disorders that include: obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, impaired regulation of body fat and high blood pressure. Complications resulting from metabolic syndrome significantly reduces quality of patient’s life and represents a huge socio-economic burden. Metabolic syndrome therapy is directed to reduce all risk factors, and that means the change of lifestyle, which includes a reduction of body weight, physical activity, antiatherogenic diet and smoking cessation. Medical therapy is aimed to the individual risk factors. Case report: In case of our patient, despite the optimal standard therapy, including drugs for the regulation of LDL and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, an intensive control of blood pressure and glucose, failure to implement the recommended treatment led to a myocardial infarction. Conclusion: The fundamental problem is not the lack of efficacy of available therapeutic measures, medications and procedures, but in insufficient implementation.

BackgroundAvian infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious disease of the upper-respiratory tract caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses to IBV infection is a crucial element for further improvements in strategies to control IB. To this end, two chicken lines, selected for high (L10H line) and low (L10L line) serum concentration of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) were studied. In total, 32 birds from each line were used. Sixteen birds from each line were infected with IBV and sixteen were left uninfected. Eight uninfected and infected birds from each line were euthanized at 1 and 3 weeks post infection. RNA sequencing was performed on spleen samples from all 64 birds and differential gene expression analysis was performed for four comparisons: L10L line versus L10H line for uninfected birds at weeks 1 and 3, respectively, and in the same way for infected birds. Functional analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) Immune System Process terms specific for Gallus gallus.ResultsComparing uninfected L10H and L10L birds, we identified 1698 and 1424 differentially expressed (DE) genes at weeks 1 and 3, respectively. For the IBV-infected birds, 1934 and 866 DE genes were identified between the two lines at weeks 1 and 3, respectively. The two most enriched GO terms emerging from the comparison of uninfected birds between the two lines were “Lymphocyte activation involved in immune response” and “Somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response” at weeks 1 and 3, respectively. When comparing IBV-infected birds between the two lines, the most enriched GO terms were “Alpha-beta T cell activation” and “Positive regulation of leukocyte activation” at weeks 1 and 3, respectively.ConclusionsHealthy birds from the two lines showed significant differences in expression profiles for subsets of adaptive and innate immunity-related genes, whereas comparison of the IBV-infected birds from the two lines showed differences in expression of immunity-related genes involved in T cell activation and proliferation. The observed transcriptome differences between the two lines indicate that selection for MBL had influenced innate as well as adaptive immunity.

Avian infectious bronchitis is a highly contagious disease of the upper-respiratory tract caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction between innate and adaptive immune responses to IBV infection is a crucial element for further improvements in strategies to control IB. To this end, two chicken lines, selected for high (L10H line) and low (L10L line) serum concentration of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) were studied. In total, 32 birds from each line were used. Sixteen birds from each line were infected with IBV and sixteen were left uninfected. Eight uninfected and infected birds from each line were euthanized at 1 and 3 weeks post infection. RNA sequencing was performed on spleen samples from all 64 birds and differential gene expression analysis was performed for four comparisons: L10L line versus L10H line for uninfected birds at weeks 1 and 3, respectively, and in the same way for infected birds. Functional analysis was performed using Gene Ontology (GO) Immune System Process terms specific for Gallus gallus. Comparing uninfected L10H and L10L birds, we identified 1698 and 1424 differentially expressed (DE) genes at weeks 1 and 3, respectively. For the IBV-infected birds, 1934 and 866 DE genes were identified between the two lines at weeks 1 and 3, respectively. The two most enriched GO terms emerging from the comparison of uninfected birds between the two lines were “Lymphocyte activation involved in immune response” and “Somatic recombination of immunoglobulin genes involved in immune response” at weeks 1 and 3, respectively. When comparing IBV-infected birds between the two lines, the most enriched GO terms were “Alpha-beta T cell activation” and “Positive regulation of leukocyte activation” at weeks 1 and 3, respectively. Healthy birds from the two lines showed significant differences in expression profiles for subsets of adaptive and innate immunity-related genes, whereas comparison of the IBV-infected birds from the two lines showed differences in expression of immunity-related genes involved in T cell activation and proliferation. The observed transcriptome differences between the two lines indicate that selection for MBL had influenced innate as well as adaptive immunity.

In this paper we study extensions between Cohen–Macaulay modules for algebras arising in the categorifications of Grassmannian cluster algebras. We prove that rank 1 modules are periodic, and we give explicit formulas for the computation of the period based solely on the rim of the rank 1 module in question. We determine $$\mathrm{Ext}^i(L_I, L_J)$$Exti(LI,LJ) for arbitrary rank 1 modules $$L_I$$LI and $$L_J$$LJ. An explicit combinatorial algorithm is given for the computation of $$\mathrm{Ext}^i(L_I, L_J)$$Exti(LI,LJ) when i is odd, and when i even, we show that $$\mathrm{Ext}^i(L_I, L_J)$$Exti(LI,LJ) is cyclic over the centre, and we give an explicit formula for its computation. At the end of the paper we give a vanishing condition of $$\mathrm{Ext}^i(L_I, L_J)$$Exti(LI,LJ) for any $$i>0$$i>0.

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar as caracteristicas morfometricas e de rendimento da palma forrageira 'Gigante' submetida a diferentes tipos de adubacao orgânica, quimica e organomineral e configuracoes de plantio . O experimento foi instalado em LATOSSOLO Vermelho-Amarelo distrofico, num delineamento em blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com tres repeticoes. As parcelas constituidas por duas configuracoes de plantio: 1) 24.0000 plantas ha -1 , dispostas em fileira tripla, no espacamento 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m; 2) 26.666 plantas ha -1 , dispostas em fileira quadrupla, no espacamento 3,00 x 1,00 x 0,25 m; as subparcelas compostas por 12 tipos de adubacao orgânica, quimica e organomineral. Aos 650 DAP mensuraram-se altura da planta, numero, comprimento, largura e indice de area de cladodios, producao de materia verde e seca e teor de materia seca. As caracteristicas morfometricas, o teor de materia seca e a producao de massa verde e materia seca foram influenciadas pelas adubacoes (P<0,05), independentemente da configuracao utilizada. Das caracteristicas morfometricas apenas a largura e area do cladodio nao foram influenciadas pelas adubacoes. A ausencia de adubacao ou apenas 30 Mg ha -1 ano -1 de esterco bovino sao insuficientes para obter resultados satisfatorios com palma forrageira ‘Gigante’. Morphometric traits and yield of forage cactus 'Gigante' under different fertilization and planting settings Abstract : The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphometric characteristics and yield of 'Gigante' forage cactus subjected to different types of organic, chemical, and organic mineral fertilizers and planting configurations. The experiment was installed in a dystrophic Red-Yellow LATOSOL (Oxisol), in a randomized block design, in a split plot design parcel, with three replications. The plots consist of two plant configurations: 1) 24.0000 pl ha -1 , arranged in triple row, spaced 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m; 2) 26,666 pl ha -1 , arranged in quadruple row, spaced 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m. The subplots are composed of types of organic, chemical, and organic mineral fertilizers. On the 650th DAP were measured the plant height, number, length, width, cladode area index, fresh and dry matter yield and dry matter content. Morphometric characteristics, the dry matter content and the green mass and dry matter production were influenced by fertilization (P <0.05), regardless the configuration. From the morphometric features, only the width and cladode area were not affected by fertilization. The absence of fertilization or just 30 Mg ha -1 yr -1 of cattle manure is not enough to achieve satisfactory results with 'Gigante' forage cactus.