Legal systems shape not only the recognition of migrants and refugees but also the pace and stability of their integration. Refugees often shift between multiple legal classifications, a process we refer to as the"legal journey". This journey is frequently prolonged and uncertain. Using a network-based approach, we analyze legal transitions for over 350,000 migrants in Austria (2022 to 2024). Refugees face highly unequal pathways to stability, ranging from two months for Ukrainians to nine months for Syrians and 20 months for Afghans. Women, especially from these regions, are more likely to gain protection; Afghan men wait up to 30 months on average. We also find that those who cross the border without going through official border controls face higher exit rates and lower chances of securing stable status. We show that legal integration is not a uniform process, but one structured by institutional design, procedural entry points, and unequal timelines.

The pharmacological potential of Lamiaceae plants is primarily linked to their high content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, known for strong antioxidant properties. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of ten widely used Lamiaceae herbs—oregano, lavender, basil, savory, garden thyme, wild thyme, sage, rosemary, lemon balm, and mint—prepared as traditional infusions and microwave-assisted extracts. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated using spectrophotometric assays, and total phenolics and flavonoids were quantified via spectrophotometry and HPLC. Chemometric analysis (PCA) was applied to explore correlations among antioxidant parameters. The results demonstrated excellent antioxidant activity across all samples. The IC50 for DPPH radicals was in the range from 3.73(0.13) to 8.03(0.17) μg/mL and that for ABTS radicals was from 2.89(0.12) to 8.55(0.34). The CUPRAC antioxidant assay delivered values in the range from 351.93(11.85) to 1129.68(44.46) μg TE/mg DE. The FRAP method produced values from 1.27(0.03) to 6.60(0.26) μmol Fe/mg DE. The presence of gallic acid was detected in all examined samples, with lemon balm and lavender exhibiting the highest concentrations across both applied extraction methods. Notably, lavender showed especially high levels of p-hydroxybenzoic acid and chlorogenic acid. Microwave-assisted extraction generally yielded higher levels of bioactive compounds compared to infusion. These findings highlight the potential of Lamiaceae herbal extracts, particularly those obtained through microwave-assisted extraction, as valuable sources of dietary antioxidants for everyday use.

Multiple visions of 6G networks elicit Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a central, native element. When 6G systems are deployed at a large scale, end-to-end AI-based solutions will necessarily have to encompass both the radio and the fiber-optical domain. This paper introduces the Decentralized Multi-Party, Multi-Network AI (DMMAI) framework for integrating AI into 6G networks deployed at scale. DMMAI harmonizes AI-driven controls across diverse network platforms and thus facilitates networks that autonomously configure, monitor, and repair themselves. This is particularly crucial at the network edge, where advanced applications meet heightened functionality and security demands. The radio/optical integration is vital due to the current compartmentalization of AI research within these domains, which lacks a comprehensive understanding of their interaction. Our approach explores multi-network orchestration and AI control integration, filling a critical gap in standardized frameworks for AI-driven coordination in 6G networks. The DMMAI framework is a step towards a global standard for AI in 6G, aiming to establish reference use cases, data and model management methods, and benchmarking platforms for future AI/ML solutions.

DIALOG + is a low-cost intervention proven to improve the subjective quality of life in patients with psychosis and anxiety disorders in low- and middle-income countries. In a recent study, DIALOG + was shown to be feasible for patients in primary care settings with long-term physical conditions and to result in an improvement in patient outcomes. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of patients and clinicians using DIALOG + in Bosnia and Herzegovina to gain a better understanding of its impact in this setting. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 patients and 4 physicians, as well as two focus groups with 5 patients in each, all of whom participated in the intervention. Specific life and treatment domains discussed during the sessions between patients and clinicians were also analysed to determine which domains were most frequently addressed and where patients needed the most support. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analysed using thematic analysis. Four qualitative themes were identified: (1) DIALOG + structure and solution-oriented approach are helpful; (2) DIALOG + allows space for conversation; (3) Therapeutic relationship is improved, and (4) The intervention has its limitations. DIALOG + is a novel primary care intervention with positive effects on patients’ lives, which enhance primary care. Nevertheless, it presents a new challenge in this setting. It is necessary to make adjustments in primary care, such as providing clinicians with more extensive training and ongoing support, as well as providing more time for the intervention’s implementation. Study was registered prospectively within the ISRCTN Registry: ISRCTN17003451, 02/12/2020.

Overcoming water obstacles is a demanding combat action that requires serious planning under conditions of uncertainty and risk. Choosing a planning method for the implementation of engineering works in the army, as well as how to choose them, has always been a challenge that engineering officers have faced. In this paper, for the selection of the network planning technique, the use of the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model, which contains the methods Logarithm Methodology of Additive Weights (LMAW) and Grey Operational Competitiveness Rating (OCRA), as well as the Einstein weighted arithmetic average (EWAA) operator for aggregating expert opinions, is presented. The LMAW method was used to define the weights of the criteria, while the Grey OCRA method was used to select the optimal planning technique. The Event Chain Methodology (ECM) was identified as the most suitable method for planning the engineering works in question, while the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM) are also suitable. In order to check the consistency and validation of the obtained results, a sensitivity analysis to changes in criteria weights and a comparative analysis were performed, where the results were compared with four other MCDM methods in a grey environment. The results of the analyses indicate that the model provides consistent and valid results.

We point out that a QCD-like dark sector can be coupled to the Standard Model by gauging the topological Skyrme current, which measures the dark baryon number in the infrared, to give a technically natural model for dark matter. This coupling allows for a semi-annihilation process χχ → χXμ, where Xμ is the gauge boson mediator and χ a dark pion field, which plays the dominant role in setting the dark matter relic abundance. The topological interaction is purely p-wave and so free from indirect detection constraints. We show that the dark matter pion mass needs to be in the range 10 MeV ≲ mχ ≲ 1 TeV; towards the lighter end of this range, there can moreover be significant self-interactions. We discuss prospects for probing this scenario at collider experiments, ranging from the LHC to low-energy e+e− colliders, future Higgs factories, and beam-dump experiments.

The large pressure vessel heads must be made by welding the base sheet in order to achieve the required diameter. The shaping of base sheets by the process of incremental sheet forming (ISF) introduces changes in the surface layers. Intense local plastic deformation creates local residual stresses that, together with the residual stresses from welding, can have a positive or negative effect on the overall stress state of the vessel heads. Using the experiment design, it is possible to make a functional dependence of structural parameters such as yield stress, sheet thickness and diameter with the magnitude of residual stresses. The influence of heat treatment was also taken into the analysis. For the observed process, an experimental design of a four-factor process based on a partial multi-factor orthogonal plan of the first order (semi-replicate) type 24-1 is used.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play key roles in physiology and are central targets for drug discovery and development, but the design of protein agonists and antagonists has been challenging as GPCRs are integral membrane proteins and conformationally dynamic. Here we describe computational de novo design methods and a high throughput “receptor diversion” microscopy-based screen for generating GPCR binding miniproteins with high affinity, potency and selectivity, and the use of these methods to generate agonists for MRGPRX1, NK1R and CCR5, as well as antagonists for CXCR4, CCR5, OXTR, GLP1R, GIPR, GCGR, PTH1R and CGRPR.. Cryo-electron microscopy data reveals atomic-level agreement between designed and experimentally determined structures for CGRPR- and CXCR4-bound antagonists and MRGPRX1-bound agonists. Our de novo design and screening approach opens new frontiers in GPCR drug discovery and development.

Maturity of companies, organizational culture and costs are some of the major limiting factors for implementation of cost-effective six sigma methodology in Bosnian companies.  Purpose of this paper is to analyze possibilities of applying six sigma concept in a medium-sized company with 200 employees. Considering all characteristics of the company, in this case, implementation model was proposed and tested. The project included process monitoring using statistical process control charts for two different periods, before and after improvement. Dominant defect and its causes were identified and it was found out that the process was out of control. Implementation of improvement measures, dominant defect was eliminated but the process has remained out of control. As a conclusion, the test indicated that the model is effective but it takes more iteration to achieve the desired state.

Design space exploration (DSE) plays an important role in optimising quantum circuit execution by systematically evaluating different configurations of compilation strategies and hardware settings. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive investigation into the impact of various layout methods, qubit routing techniques, and optimisation levels, as well as device-specific properties such as different variants and strengths of noise and imperfections, the topological structure of qubits, connectivity densities, and back-end sizes. By spanning through these dimensions, we aim to understand the interplay between compilation choices and hardware characteristics. A key question driving our exploration is whether the optimal selection of device parameters, mapping techniques, comprising of initial layout strategies and routing heuristics can mitigate device induced errors beyond standard error mitigation approaches. Our results show that carefully selecting software strategies (e.g., mapping and routing algorithms) and tailoring hardware characteristics (such as minimising noise and leveraging topology and connectivity density) significantly improve the fidelity of circuit execution outcomes, and thus the expected correctness or success probability of the computational result. We provide estimates based on key metrics such as circuit depth, gate count and expected fidelity. Our results highlight the importance of hardware–software co-design, particularly as quantum systems scale to larger dimensions, and along the way towards fully error corrected quantum systems: Our study is based on computationally noisy simulations, but considers various implementations of quantum error correction (QEC) using the same approach as for other algorithms. The observed sensitivity of circuit fidelity to noise and connectivity suggests that co-design principles will be equally critical when integrating QEC in future systems. Our exploration provides practical guidelines for co-optimising physical mapping, qubit routing, and hardware configurations in realistic quantum computing scenarios.

Business school reputation is an important but complex signal of academic and societal value. Although the reputation of business schools is still mainly assessed through bibliometric indicators, accreditations or rankings, these indicators cannot provide access to the broader impact of research on industry and society. This study fills this gap and examines how European business schools translate their research productivity and collaborative practices into reputational capital among academic peers, industry and the public. Using a mixed methods approach, the study quantitatively analyses the relationship between bibliometric indicators at 83 European business schools from 2017 to 2022. These findings are further interpreted through qualitative insights from expert interviews. The results show that elite publications and international collaborations are significant predictors of peer reputation and ranking, while traditional metrics such as number of citations and national collaborations have limited significance. Qualitative evidence shows the importance of aligning research with industry needs, integrating the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and utilizing different communication channels to translate academic reputation into broader societal recognition. The study proposes a new theoretical model with seven propositions that explain how research activities, collaboration and stakeholder engagement jointly influence institutional reputation. The findings argue for a shift from quantity of output to quality of research, recommend a multidimensional assessment of impact, and call for future research to incorporate alternative metrics and broader stakeholder perspectives.

Computer games can be used not only for entertainment but also for education. Embedded systems can be used to improve the gamified learning process by making the interaction with intended users more interesting. Texas Instruments development kits with booster plug-in modules can improve the outcomes of gamified learning. However, there is a lack of studies that explore the benefits and drawbacks of different input methods for gamified learning purposes. In this paper, a snake game was developed on the Texas Instruments MSP-EXP432P401R development kit that uses the analog joystick of the BOSTXL-EDUMKII plug-in module for controlling the snake. An experimental usability study was conducted on 61 3rd year university students, comparing the analog joystick to the computer keyboard, computer mouse, and mobile touchscreen input methods. The achieved results showed that the majority of students preferred the original computer keyboard input method and that more than half of the participants preferred the 90 -degree rotation of the snake compared to the 360 degree analog joystick. However, the analog joystick improved the gaming experience by 63.6 %, and many students made positive comments about its usability in general, indicating that its application for gamified learning may be possible for other types of games.

Texas Instruments development kits have a wide application in practical and scientific experiments due to their small size, processing power, available booster packs, and compatibility with different environments. The most popular integrated development environments for programming these development kits are Energia and Code Composer Studio. Unfortunately, there are no existing studies that compare the benefits and drawbacks of these environments and their performances. Conversely, the performances of the FreeRTOS environment are well-explored, making it a suitable baseline for embedded systems execution. In this paper, we performed the experimental evaluation of the performance of Texas Instruments MSP-EXP432P401R when using Energia, Code Composer Studio, and FreeRTOS for program execution. Three different sorting algorithms (bubble sort, radix sort, merge sort) and three different search algorithms (binary search, random search, linear search) were used for this purpose. The results show that Energia sorting algorithms outperform other environments with a maximum of 400 elements. On the other hand, FreeRTOS search algorithms far outperform other environments with a maximum of $\mathbf{2 5 5, 0 0 0}$ elements (whereas this maximum was $\mathbf{1 0, 0 0 0}$ elements for other environments). Code Composer Studio resulted in the largest processing time, which indicates that the lowlevel registry editing performed in this environment leads to significant performance issues.

The blind and visually impaired group cannot use most of the cutting-edge technology that usually conveys information visually through different kinds of displays. Different solutions can help overcome this obstacle, such as the usage of sound output and tactile displays that use the Braille alphabet composed of mechanically raised dots. However, there is a considerable amount of visually impaired persons who cannot read Braille and an even larger amount of persons without visual impairment. This paper presents an IoT-based system that uses the Arduino Uno WiFi development board for reading Braille input from a $4 \times 4$ push button matrix, two letters at a time. The system uses the $32 \times 8$ matrix display to show the translated basic alphabet output that can be read by sighted users or to show the Braille alphabet output. It offers a quick way for the visually impaired to convey information to sighted people by typing Braille input with both hands simultaneously. The proposed system will be used to educate sighted individuals about the Braille alphabet and help reduce their learning time. It can also be used as a quick translator of Braille for sighted individuals who wish to read written Braille documents.

The impressive results achieved by language recognition using a generative pre-trained transformer have led to divided opinions on whether or not the Turing test has finally been passed. After understanding the working principles of the GPT programs, it was remarked that the tokenization concept, used by GPT, resulted in the loss of the word-to-letter relationship. Through about 36 specially prepared anagrams with a description of a term in a verse in the languages of the South Slavs, it was shown that ChatGPT and similar programs are far more capable of understanding the semantic connection between words and allusions than in performing the relatively simple task of searching for an adequate word from the offered letters.