In this case report, we describe the diagnostic modality of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SOVA) in combination with congenital cardiac defect, aortic valve involvement, and conduction abnormality in a 19-year-old patient. Aim of article was to understand the importance of clinicians being cautious about SOVA presenting in young patients, despite cases being rare, and that SOVA requires a thorough SOVA diagnostic approach. We further provide a review of literature highlighting and comparing the treatment options for both unruptured and ruptured SOVAs. The patient presented for examination due to tachycardia and palpitations. A murmur was heard, and the patient was found to have an atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. Echocardiographic evaluation, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography angiography confirmed an aneurysmally dilated aortic root, aortic regurgitation, and ventricular septal defect. Surgical intervention was indicated; however, the patient refused to undergo surgery.

Introduction: Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) can be diagnosed in the absen-ce of histology with typical echocardiographic fi ndings and skeletal scintigraphy showing grade 2 or 3 myocardial tracer uptake, when clonal plasma cell dyscrasia is excluded. Aim: To present a patient diagnosed with ATTR-CM, who was hospitalized with clinical signs of congestive heart failure. Case Report: An 84-year-old man was hospitalized with clinical signs of heart failure. Echocardiography showed concentric left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) with reduced systolic function, along with impaired LV global longitudinal strain (GLS) with apical sparing (-9.9%). Serum and urine protein electrophoresis with immunofi xation were obtained and were negative for plasma cell dyscrasia. Bone scintigraphy showed similar radiotracer uptake in the myocar-dium and ribs (Perugini grade 2). The diagnosis of ATTR-CM was confi rmed. Conclusion: ATTR-CM is an underdiagnosed condition and should be suspected in patients with heart failure and unexplained LVH.

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a novel secret key agreement primitive, enables long-awaited practical Information-Theoretical Security (ITS). Over the last two decades, academic and industrial communities have devoted their time and resources to developing QKD- based networks that distribute ITS keys to remote parties. However, because of the limited availability of QKD network testbeds to the larger research community and the difficulty and cost of their deployment, progress in this area has been noticeably slow. To that end, we provide an analysis of selected simulated use-cases from the EU H2020 OPENQKD project using the QKDNetSim network simulator. The tool has been extensively upgraded to test novel network management methodologies applied to large-scale QKD networks.

This paper is based on the analysis of the relationship between early education, mathematical skills, and student achievement in Bosnia & Herzegovina, using data from the trends in international mathematics and science study (TIMSS) 2019. The study involves 5,628 fourth-grade students whose average age was 10.1 years. The research specifically focuses on factors such as the age of students at the beginning of schooling, attendance at preschool institutions, and their mathematical skills before starting school. Through the application of SPSS analysis, insights into the statistical relationships and trends between these factors are provided, emphasizing the importance of early educational experiences to improve the quality of education in Bosnia & Herzegovina. The analysis results show that the length of stay in preschool institutions, attendance in preschool programs, and the early acquisition of mathematical skills (counting skills, recognition of numeral representations, numeral writing, simple addition, and subtraction) impact later mathematical achievements of students.

Case summary A 2-year-old domestic longhair crossbred female cat was referred for a second opinion on a non-healing surgical wound after left eye enucleation. In addition to the left orbital lesion, ulcerative granular masses protruding from the left nostril and on the base of the left ear were noted. A diagnosis of cryptococcosis was established using histopathological examination and a latex cryptococcal antigen agglutination test. The cat was successfully treated with itraconazole. Relevance and novel information Cryptococcosis, commonly reported in Australia, western Canada and the western USA, is rarely reported in companion animals in Europe. This marks the first report of cryptococcosis in cats in Bosnia and Herzegovina, emphasising the need to raise awareness within the veterinary community, both local and regional, about this disease.

Introduction: Aneurysmal wall enhancement (AWE) of non-ruptured sacular intracranial aneurysms (IA) after endovascular treatment (ET) is a frequently observed imaging finding using AWE-sequences in brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). So far, its value remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the effect of AWE on aneurysm reperfusion rates in a longitudinal cohort. Methods: This is a retrospective MRI study over the timespan of up to 5 years, assessing the correlation of increased AWE of non-ruptured IAs and events of aneurysm reperfusion and retreatment, PHASES Score and grade of AWE. T1 SPACE fat saturation (FS) and T1 SE FS blood suppression sequences after contrast administration were used for visual interpretation of increased AWE. The IAs’ sizes were assessed via the biggest diameter. The grade of enhancement was defined in a grading system from grade 1 to grade 3. Results: 127 consecutive non ruptured IA-patients (58.9 ± 9.0 years, 94 female, 33 male) who underwent elective aneurysm occlusion were included. AWE was observed in 40.2% of patients (51/127) after ET, 6 patients already showed AWE before treatment. In large IAs (which were defined as a single maximum diameter of over 7.5 mm), AWE was significantly associated with aneurysm reperfusion in contrast to large aneurysm without AWE). All grades of AWE were significantly associated with reperfusion. Conclusions: Our data suggests that in patients with initially large IAs, AWE is correlated with aneurysm reperfusion.

Background: The Harderian gland in domestic birds is a major paraocular excretory gland that has an important role in tear production as well as in the immune protection of the conjunctiva surface. Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the arterial and venous supply of the gland in hens and provide valuable and useful information for future research. Methods: The research was conducted on 26 adult hens, provenience of Lohmann Brown. For the identification and determination of blood vessels, we used the vascular corrosion cast technique in conjunction with the transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results: The casts showed that the gland receives the arterial supply via branches of a. ophthalmotemporalis and a. nasalis communis and these arteries are accompanied by the corresponding veins. Ultrastructural analyses showed the presence of fenestrated capillaries, which indicates the possibility for permeability of larger molecules. Conclusion: The present research gives important and detailed information about the arterial and venous supply of the Harderian gland in hens that may serve as guidelines for future vascular and morphological investigations.

Kidney failures in infants are mostly caused by congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), which are among the most common congenital birth disorders worldwide when paired with cardiac abnormalities. People with CAKUT often have severe kidney failure as a result of a wide range of abnormalities that can occur alone or in conjunction with other syndromic disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression pattern of CAKUT candidate genes alpha-8 integrin (ITGA8) and Van Gogh-like 2 (VANGL2) in fetal tissues of healthy and CAKUT-affected kidneys using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We found that under CAKUT circumstances, the expressions of ITGA8 and VANGL2 are changed. Additionally, we showed that VANGL2 expression is constant during fetal aging, but ITGA8 expression varies. Moreover, compared to normal healthy kidneys (CTRL), ITGA8 is poorly expressed in duplex kidneys (DKs) and dysplastic kidneys (DYS), whereas VANGL2 is substantially expressed in dysplastic kidneys (DYS) and poorly expressed in hypoplastic kidneys (HYP). These results point to VANGL2 and ITGA8 as potential prognostic indicators for CAKUT malformations. Further research is necessary to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying this differential expression of ITGA8 and VANGL2.