The paper presents the method of using the solution selection method in developing a new concept of the BOBCAT E62 excavator control handle, with the aim of implementing a lightweight design. The lightweight design concept is used in various industries, including the design, i.e. construction of construction machinery, where the use of modern materials and design methods can lead to an optimal solution, while maintaining load-bearing capacity and functionality. The modified handle design solution aims to reduce weight, without major changes to other parts of the assembly of which it is a component. Two methods were used to assess the concept selection, as an integral part of the product development process, i.e. the solution selection phase. The selected concept solution should contribute to improvements in terms of durability, compactness and reduced energy consumption.

Additive manufacturing enables the production of parts with complex geometries that would be difficult or impossible to produce with conventional manufacturing technologies – and with minimal waste. A more massive use of additive technologies makes it possible to shorten supply chains and reduce the need to store parts. Fixtures are essential production aids that position, hold and support workpieces, ensuring positioning accuracy, repeatability and operator safety during assembly and bonding. This paper presents how the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process can provide such fixtures for the adhesive bonding of metal parts in rail vehicle composite structures. By adapting geometry, surface properties and ergonomics to the bonding task at hand, FDM fixtures improve alignment accuracy and simplify handling.

Background: Maternal anaemia is one of the most common complications of pregnancy and is associated with adverse outcomes such as preterm delivery, impaired fetal development, and increased risks of morbidity and mortality in the perinatal period. The high prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and its impact on fetal development represents a significant public health issue. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of maternal anaemia on neonatal outcomes. Patients and Methods: In a two-year prospective study conducted at the Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the Clinic of Children's Diseases of the University Clinical Center Tuzla, 177 newborns and their mothers were analyzed-127 in the experimental group (mothers with anaemia) and 50 in the control group (without anaemia). Sociodemographic and clinical data of the mothers and newborns were collected. Data were processed using conventional statistical techniques. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant institutional review board. Results: Of the 120 (70.58%) mothers with anaemia included in the study, 106 (88.3%) were between 18 and 35 years of age. Working mothers had lower odds of anaemia (p = 0.025), while mothers who did not use supplements during pregnancy had higher odds (p = 0.001). Maternal anaemia was significantly associated with smoking or tobacco use (p = 0.015). Mothers living outside of marriage were more likely to be anaemic. A higher percentage of vaginal bleeding (p = 0.0001), uncontrolled pregnancies (p = 0.011), and caesarean section as the mode of delivery (p = 0.000) were recorded among anaemic mothers. Babies born to anaemic mothers had lower birth weight compared to those born to non-anaemic mothers (p = 0.004). Maternal anaemia significantly affected gestational age (p = 0.024) and Apgar scores in the 1st (p = 0.006) and 5th minutes (p = 0.0031). In this study, maternal anaemia during pregnancy had a statistically significant impact on perinatal outcomes including perinatal asphyxia, respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal infections, icterus neonatorum, intracranial hemorrhage, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Conclusion: In developing countries, current strategies for the prevention of anaemia in pregnancy have had limited success. Programs for careful monitoring and management of anaemia during pregnancy need to be developed in order to prevent poor perinatal outcomes.

The growing need to reduce the negative impact on the environment and human health, as well as to meet the growing demand for eco-friendly textiles, has led to the development of environmentally friendly printing techniques and the use of natural dyes in the textile industry. Grape pomace is important waste material in winemaking, and has been extensively studied for its potential as a source of compounds with biological properties, especially anthocyanins, pigments responsible for the red, purple, and blue colors in grapes. The aim of this paper was to examine the potential use of natural dye extracted from grape pomace of domestic cultivar crna Mirisavka (GPCM) in preparation of printing paste with alginate, citric acid, and tannic acid for printing on cotton fabric. Special focus was placed to achieve process color magenta, by adjusting the pH value of the extract obtained. The natural dye from GPCM was extracted using maceration with 80% methanol, followed by sonication to enhance the yield of bioactive compounds. GPCM extract demonstrated significant antioxidant activity measured by FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS+ tests, and moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The pH-dependent stability of anthocyanins in GPCM extract was examined, demonstrating a magenta tone at acidic pH (pH 2-4) and color degradation at higher pH values. Cotton fabric printed with two different concentrations of GPCM extract (100 mg/L and 50 mg/L) showed good antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that GPCM extract can be an environmentally friendly solution for the development of antibacterial and antioxidant textiles, with potential application in the production of protective clothing in healthcare institutions, as well as for the production of decorative home textiles, for the production of children's toys and textiles for packaging.

Introduction: The mechanisms of pulmonary embolism in patients with metabolic syndrome has not been fully investigated. The aim of the study was to determine the connection between metabolic syndrome and pulmonary embolism and to evaluate the values of the glucolipid profile in patients with pulmonary embolism in metabolic syndrome. Methods: A cohort study included 305 patients with pulmonary embolism, divided into two groups: the first group with metabolic syndrome (n=165) and the control group without metabolic syndrome (n=140). The data was collected from May 2019 to May 2023. Demographic, anthropometric and laboratory parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides) were analyzed in all patients with confirmed pulmonary embolism. Results: Patients with pulmonary embolism in metabolic syndrome had statistically significantly higher values of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and lower values of HDL cholesterol compared to patients with pulmonary embolism without metabolic syndrome (p<0.05). Discussion: The results of our research indicate a strong need for a broad evaluation of metabolic abnormalities with special highlight on comorbidities and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to patients with metabolic syndrome. Assessing the risk of pulmonary embolism should become imperative in the treatment of patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome may play a key role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary embolism and may be a link between venous thrombosis, atherosclerosis and pulmonary embolism. Due to the complex relationship between hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and pulmonary embolism, additional research is necessary to answer the question why people with metabolic syndrome have a higher risk of pulmonary embolism, as well as to determine appropriate preventive strategies.

This study investigates the impact of drying-rewetting and freezing-rewetting events on soil leachate ion composition across two contrasting geochemical settings through a series of controlled laboratory experiments. Dissolution of ions (Na?, K?, Ca??, Mg??, Al??, Fe??, Mn??, F?, Cl?, NO??, SO???, NO??, PO???) in soil leachate was analyzed following rewetting cycles after drying and freezing treatments. Results indicate that variations in leachate ion concentrations are primarily influenced by bedrock type, while drying-rewetting and freezing-rewetting treatments did not significantly impact overall variance. However, some inconsistent differences were observed: higher K? concentrations in calcareous soils and Al??, Fe?? and Mn?? in acidic soils after drying, higher anion concentrations in calcareous soils in both treatment leachates compared to controls. Findings highlight that the effects of drying, freezing, and rewetting are inherently linked to treatment type, ion characteristics, and geochemical conditions.

This paper analyzes the development of an above-knee prosthesis based on hydraulic actuators, which was initiated at the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Computing and Electrical Engineering at the University of Mostar, and has continued since 2023 in collaboration with the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering of the University of Montenegro. The evolutionary trajectory of the prosthetic design is presented, from the initial models with a single hydraulic cylinder in the knee joint, through the integration of an additional actuator in the ankle joint and modifications to the prosthetic foot, to modern solutions featuring double-acting cylinders and separate hydraulic power units. Experimental testing has confirmed significant improvements in user stability, functionality, and natural gait, especially when ascending stairs. The paper also emphasizes future development directions, including the implementation of servo valves in the hydraulic system to achieve more precise fluid control, smoother movements, and automatic adaptation of the prosthesis to varying walking conditions. The research results indicate that hydraulic systems represent a significant technological advancement in modern prosthetics, enabling transfemoral amputees greater independence, comfort, and quality of life.

This article critically investigates the factors leading to the stagnation of democratization and the persistence of societal divisions in post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), with a particular focus on the role of political elites. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines historical comparative analysis with qualitative content analysis of political developments, media reports, and public statements. The research uncovers that political elites in BH have systematically exploited and deepened ethnic divisions as a means to consolidate and maintain power supporting the hypothesis that insufficient success in managing diversity is influenced by the interests of political elites to maintain political power through ethnic divisions. This process of homogenizing ethnic groups for political leverage is identified as a significant barrier to democratization and societal integration. The study also examines the lingering effects of ex-Yugoslav socialism and regional geopolitical influences, particularly the relationships with Serbia and Croatia, in shaping the nation’s political and ethnic landscape. The main findings highlight that the deliberate actions of political elites, aimed at reinforcing their power bases through ethnic polarization, are the principal contributors to the failed democratization and the continuation of a divided society. The study underscores the necessity for policy interventions that target the root causes of ethnic division, emphasizing the need for political reforms that diminish the power of elites to manipulate ethnic identities for their gain. These insights are vital for understanding the challenges in BH and offer valuable lessons for other post-conflict and multi-ethnic societies grappling with democratization and ethnic reconciliation.

ABSTRACT

Museum development in Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially in the capital (Sarajevo), is an accompanying phenomenon of the overall tourism development. The paper aims to identify and valorise top museums in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to comprehend tourism and museums growth features, including the tourist perceptions, which are important for sustainable museum and tourism planning. Tourism and museum expansion were investigated concurrently, with over 30,000 visitor reviews. The top museums were identified by analysing and evaluating reviews on popular travel information websites, taking into account the highest frequency and rating, and relying on the GIS mapping for their spatial visualisation. Statistical analysis and cartographic demonstration were conducted to determine the trends in museum and tourism development. The popularity of museums provides understanding visitors' interests since reviews are a vital component of destination marketing and planning for long-term development. Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly its capital Sarajevo, exemplifies the cohesion of tourism and cultural (museum) evolution. Key attributes of popular national museums enhance comprehension of the cultural dimensions of tourism development. The National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina and war museums (Tunnel of Hope and Gallery 11/07/95) account for 50-90% of total excellent reviews, making them top museums in the country. Dark history (1992–1995) has a significant impact on museum settings, contributing to the building and preservation of the country's cultural identity while also promoting Sarajevo as a famous European city under th e former longest siege in modern European history and today's leading tourism and museum destination.

<p style="text-align: justify;">In this article we present the original Georgi-Glashow &nbsp;model with gauge and fermion sector derivation in order to show grand unified theory (GUT) through this model, but also to correlate &nbsp;and Standard Model (SM). One of the correlations reside in neutrino mass sector where both and Standard Model (SM) see neutrinos as massless particles. We will show that gauge sector yields twelve gauge bosons that will mediate proton decay within <i>.</i> Beside this, Georgi-Glashow model provides a basis for development and extrapolation in terms of reconstructing it to find viable neutrino mass mechanism that we present in our conclusion.</p>

The aim of this paper is to compare two geodetic methods - GNSS and aerial photogrammetry in the context of calculating the volumes of mineral resources in open-pit mines. The advantages and weaknesses of both methods are analyzed, as well as their impact on accuracy, efficiency, and costs. The results show that the GNSS method provides high accuracy on simpler and flatter terrains but demonstrates weaknesses on more complex terrains due to the approximation of the actual surface using breakpoints obtained by the GNSS method. The aerial photogrammetry method enables fast and efficient data collection and provides a detailed 3D model, making it particularly useful in hard-to-access or hazardous areas. Additionally, it significantly saves time during data collection and reduces the demand for geodetic professionals. The paper also compares volume calculation methods, emphasizing how technological advancements allow many software solutions to treat the 3D model of the subject area as a whole rather than as segments such as profiles, prisms, etc.

Introduction: The main aim of this research was to determine whether there are statistically significant correlations between TMG variables and jumping performance. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five healthy and physically active male students (age: 20.84 ± 0.99 years; body height: 179.46 ± 5.91 cm; body weight: 73.88 ± 6.43 kg) of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education participated in this study. Radial displacement, contraction time and delay time of the m. vastus lateralis were collected to assess muscles’ contractile characteristics using tensiomyography (TMG). Additionally, squat jump and countermovement jump height were recorded using the Optojump system. Results: A very high, negative, statistically significant correlation between both power assessment variables and the radial displacement variable was found; more specifically, the cor-relation between CMJ and radial displacement amounted to r = -.80, p < .01, while for SJ and radial displacement the correlation amounted to r = -.73, p < .01. High, negative, statistically significant correlations (r = -.61 to -.69, p < .01) were achieved among all other variables. Conclusion: TMG parameters could successfully predict jumping performance in the studied sample of male students.

This paper on the lectisternium provides a detailed explanation of this ancient Roman ritual in its role as a key element in the religious and social practices of the Romans. The lectisternium was a ceremony in which the Romans prepared meals for their gods on specially arranged couches, creating the illusion of a divine presence at their feast. This ritual had a profound religious and social dimension, especially during times of crisis such as epidemics and wars, when the Romans prayed to their deities for mercy and protection. The ritual also promoted unity and solidarity among citizens, who opened the doors of their homes and temporarily set aside disagreements, thus bringing a conciliatory character to the ritual. Over time, as social and religious norms changed, the lectisternium gradually lost its significance, and was replaced with new rituals coinciding with the introduction of Christianity. The paper thus provides insight into the importance of this ritual in the context of Roman social and religious life, highlighting its role in shaping Roman social and religious structures.

In this paper, we present the main features of Dynamic Rapidly-exploring Generalized Bur Tree (DRGBT) algorithm, a sampling-based planner for dynamic environments. We provide a detailed time analysis and appropriate scheduling to facilitate a real-time operation. To this end, an extensive analysis is conducted to identify the time-critical routines and their dependence on the number of obstacles. Furthermore, information about the distance to obstacles is used to compute a structure called dynamic expanded bubble of free configuration space, which is then utilized to establish sufficient conditions for a guaranteed safe motion of the robot while satisfying all kinematic constraints. An extensive randomized simulation trial is conducted to compare the proposed algorithm to a competing state-of-the-art method. Finally, an experimental study on a real robot is carried out covering a variety of scenarios including those with human presence. The results show the effectiveness and feasibility of real-time execution of the proposed motion planning algorithm within a typical sensor-based arrangement, using cheap hardware and sequential architecture, without the necessity for GPUs or heavy parallelization.