Apical periodontitis represents a chronic inflammation and destruction of periradicu‐ lar tissue caused by polymicrobial infection of endodontic origin. The aim of this systematic review was to make an update on findings related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) presence in periapical pathoses and to correlate these findings with clinical, histopathological and radiographic features of periapical lesions. Methods were based on the preferred reporting items for systemat‐ ic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. A search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS. Search key words included the following medical subjects heading terms: (periapical disease OR apical periodontitis OR periapical lesions OR periapical abscess) AND (viruses OR herpesvir*). A manual search involved references from articles retrieved for possible inclusion. The search, evalua‐ tion, and critical appraisal of articles were performed by two independent judges. Collected data were analyzed using the measures of descriptive statistics. The final review has included twenty nine articles related to herpesviral presence periapical pathoses. Qualitative analysis indicated that EBV HCMV, and HHV-8 were the most prevalent species in periapical pathoses. Our findings suggest that there is wide variety of herpesviruses detection rates in periapical pathoses in relation to their clinical, histopathological and radiographic features.

Most research on group recommender systems relies on the assumption that individuals have conflicting preferences; in order to generate group recommendations the system should identify a fair way of aggregating these preferences. Both empirical studies and theoretical frameworks have tried to identify the most effective preference aggregation techniques without coming to definite conclusions. In this paper, we propose to approach group recommendation from the group dynamics perspective and analyze the group decision making process for a particular task (in the travel domain). We observe several individual and group properties and correlate them to choice satisfaction. Supported by these initial results we therefore advocate for the development of new group recommendation techniques that consider group dynamics and support the full group decision making process.

Croatian Abstract:Nakon burnog stoljeca uspona i padova, decenijskog odsustva nezavisne vanjske politike i ovisnosti o vodecim silama, oporavljena Rusija ponovo se vratila na međunarodnu scenu kao glavni izvoznik nafte i prirodnog gasa, ambiciozno zauzevsi mjesto energetske sile, istovremeno vodeci politiku koja odise samopouzdanjem. Zamijenivsi iracionalni mesijanizam i komunisticku ideologiju tržisnim pragmatizmom i tradicionalnom geopolitkom, te dajuci ruskoj nafti i gasu novu snagu i moc, Vladimir Putin, kao vrstan strateg nove ruske vanjske i energetske politike, osmislio je niz politika, koje Rusiju treba da ucine svjetskim energetskim liderom i strateskim partnerom Zapada. Naime, slabljenjem ruskih vojnih kapaciteta, pocetkom 1990-ih, Rusija je pažnju usredotocila na nevojne instrumente sigurnosti, a jedan od njih je i energija. Energetika je najvisi ekonomski i politicki prioritet i primarni nevojni instrument Rusije u 21. stoljecu. Upravo, upotreba ovog nevojnog instrumenta postala je zastitni znak Putinove vanjske politike. Spoznavsi strateski potencijal svojih hidrokarbonskih resursa, Rusija, sa pozicije energetske sile, koristi svoje prirodne resurse, prirodni gas prije svih, kao politicko sredstvo u međunarodnim odnosima, sredstvo zastrasivanja i ucjene, odmazde, kažnjavanja neposlusnih i nagrađivanja poslusnih zemalja kako bi povratila uticaj, posebno u bivsem sovjetskom prostoru. Stoga, Rusija se sve vise posmatra kao nepouzdan energetski partner, odnosno kao prijetnja, a ne partner, posebno u zemljama Evropske unije i bivseg Sovjetskog Saveza.English Abstract: After a turbulent century of ups and downs, a decade of absence of an independent foreign policy and dependence on the leading world powers, reinvigorated Russia is back on the international scene as a major exporter of oil and natural gas, ambitiously taking place of an energy force, at the same time conducting policy that exudes confidence. Replacing irrational messianism and communist ideology with market pragmatism and traditional geopolitics, and giving the Russian oil and gas new strength and power, Vladimir Putin, as an exquisite strategist of the new Russian foreign and energy policy, devised a series of policies, that should make Russia a global energy leader and strategic partner of the West. Due to the weakening of Russia's military capabilities, in the early 1990s, Russia's attention focused on non-military instruments of security, and one of them is energy. Energy is the highest economic and political priority and the primary non-military instrument of Russia in the 21st century. The use of this non-military instrument has become a hallmark of Putin's foreign policy. Realizing the strategic potential of their hydrocarbon resources, Russia, from a position of energy force uses its natural resources, natural gas above all, as a political tool in international relations, a means of intimidation, blackmail, and retaliation, means of punishing disobediant and rewarding obedient countries to regain influence, particularly in the former Soviet space. Therefore, Russia is increasingly seen as an unreliable energy partner or as a threat rather than a partner, especially in the countries of the European Union and the former Soviet Union.

Abstract Plant lectins are carbohydrate binding proteins or phytohaemagglutinins present in most plants, especially seeds and tubers, which include cereals, potatoes and beans. Lectins have great significance in the diet because of their involvement in gastrointestinal difficulties and erythrocyte agglutination. Blood agglutination activity against A, B, AB and O groups was shown after exposing blood to extracts obtained from 55% of tested plants, while in 45% of plants, agglutination was absent. The results of our study have shown that in humans, 40% of plant extracts exhibited activity against A, 40% of plant extracts exhibited activity against B, and 50% of plant extracts exhibited activity against AB and O groups in humans. The concentration of plant lectins depends on the part of the plant. Lectins from the seeds of certain plants cause the greatest percentage of erythrocyte agglutination, while the lowest agglutination was caused by plant bulbs and leaves. However, lectins derived from all plant species of the family Fabaceae agglutinated erythrocytes of all blood types to some extent.