A Guerra do Paraguai (1864-1870) fez com que muitos legionários Brummer, imigrantes alemães e seus descendentes, principalmente de São Leopoldo (RS) e arredores, se engajassem no conflito, em sua maioria através da Guarda Nacional de São Leopoldo, do Batalhão de Voluntários da Pátria nº 33 e da “Bateria Alemã”, formada principalmente pelos Brummer. O artigo aborda a participação dos legionários Brummer, dos imigrantes alemães e de seus descendentes na Guerra do Paraguai, verificando a sua contribuição militar ao longo do conflito. Pretende-se analisar, ainda, o discurso de alguns desses personagens para compreender a construção de uma memória positiva sobre a sua participação na guerra, bem como a afirmação de que eram cidadãos exemplares de sua nova pátria: o Brasil.

4-O-5 diaryl ether owns the strongest aryl−aryl ether bond of the abundant Caryl−O bonds in lignin. Selective hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of diaryl ethers to oxygen-free aromatics and alkanes has been achieved over nickel nanoparticles supported on Zr-doped niobium phosphate solid acids in an autoclave under the mild conditions. Py-IR, NH3-TPD and TEM techniques were conducted to investigate the surface acidity and metal particle distribution of as-synthesized catalysts. Nickel on Zr-doped niobium phosphate exhibited an excellent activity for 84 % conversion of diaryl ether and a better selectivity of oxygen-free aromatic about 62 % and the total HDO selectivity reached up to 92 % at 220 oC and 0.5 MPa, which is attributed to the favorable synergetic catalytic effect between acid sites and metal sites. In addition, higher reaction temperature favors the production of oxygen-free aromatics and alkanes and low H2 pressure is benefit for formation of benzene.

INTRODUCTION: A number of biochemical and medical researchers have detected increased activity of tyrosinase in skin tumor cells. The most famous and available inhibitor, kojic acid, has several side effects and is not completely safe for use. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the study of inhibitory influence of halogen boroxine K 2 [B 3 0 3 F 4 OH] on tyrosinase. The research was prompted by the ability of this compound to inhibit enzymes through metal ion chelation as well as its synthesis and application in cosmetic skin products that produce no serious side-effects. METHOD: Tyrosinase activity was measured by spectrophotometric analysis for the appearance of dopachrome pigment at a wavelength of 475 nm. Tyrosinase exhibited typical Michaelis-Menten kinetics. RESULTS: Tests of the proposed inhibition of the enzyme tyrosinase showed that K 2 [B 3 O 3 F 4 OH] had weak inhibitory properties. CONCLUSION: It will be necessary to search for new ways of antitumor mechanisms that differ from those of previous results.

Introduction: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is important, but often neglected complication of diabetes, that substantially contributes to diabetes-related morbidity and mortality. The majority of diabetic patients have subclinical CAN. Therefore, screening for CAN in patients with diabetes is essential. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of subclinical CAN in real-life clinical setting at primary health care institution. We also aimed to determine, which routine clinical and laboratory parameters could serve as predictors of CAN. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study that included 50 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes treated in the primary health care institution. Gender, age, duration of diabetes, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, electrocardiogram, blood pressure, the presence of paresthesia, deep and superficial neuropathy, foot skin lesions and the presence of pulselessness of artery dorsalis pedis and tibialis posterior were recorded. The diagnosis of CAN was made if the patients met two out of three criteria: postural hypotension, increased resting heart rate and corrected QT interval prolongation. Results: Patients had a median age of 59.0 (51.0 – 64.0) years and median duration of diabetes of 9.0 (6.0 – 11.0) years. CAN was present in 19 patients (38%). Patients with CAN had greater duration of diabetes and 2% higher HbA1c. They also had higher prevalence of peripheral neuropathy, foot skin lesions and peripheral artery disease. The presence of peripheral deep neuropathy was the best predictor of CAN with a specificity of 64.5% (45.4 80.8) and sensitivity of 79.0% (54.4 93.9). Conclusion: CAN is a common complication in our cohort of patients with diabetes. Simple routine clinical and laboratory parameters may be useful in detecting patients at high risk for CAN. 1 Public Educationional Healthcare Center Tuzla –Family Medicine Teaching Center 2 Public Healthcare Center GracanicaDepartment of Family Medicine; 3 General Hospital Gracanica; 4 University Clinical Center Tuzla and European University Kallos Tuzla. Azijada Beganlic1, Albina Softic2, Jasmin Alic2, Menedin Causi3, Senada Selmanovic1, Fuad Pasic4, Munevera Becarevic4 Corresponding author: Azijada Beganlic, M.D., PhD, Professor of medicine, Public Educationional Healthcare Center Tuzla, Family Medicine Teaching Center; Albina i Franje Herljevica 1, Tuzla 75000; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Phone number: 00387 63 992 465; E-mail: azijada_beganlic@yahoo.com DOI: 10.21040/eom/2016.2.3.1 Received: September 1st 2016 Accepted: September 9th 2016 Published: September 15th 2016 Copyright: © Copyright by Association for Endocrine Oncology and Metabolism. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Funding: None. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper.

In the current climate of increased influx of migrants into European countries, understanding how to engage with diversity in order to utilize it as a resource is becoming essential for supporting inclusion in education and society. Schools are often first sites of intercultural experiences for children and young people recently arrived to a host country. Educators and other professionals in public services facilitating equality of opportunity and equality of access for diverse school communities often lack opportunities to develop skills and insights relevant to new everyday challenges. The LUCIDE (Languages in Urban Settings for Inclusion and Diversity in Europe) network of research partners was established with the aim to provide insights and develop guidance that would support institutions (schools, councils, universities, hospitals) and local and national economies to gain better understanding of complexities involved in providing services in highly diverse contexts. LUCIDE consisted of 16 partners based in 13 European cities (two in London) and two cities outside of Europe. All partners had pre-existing activities focused on researching and promoting multilingualism within urban contexts of different types. Some cities in the LUCIDE network have had multilingualism as an integral part of their functioning over a long period throughout centuries of their history, while others started experiencing it as a recent impact of new patterns of migration. The European city partners were Athens, Dublin, Hamburg, Limassol, London, Madrid, Osijek, Oslo, Rome, Sofia, Strasbourg, Utrecht, and Varna. The two outof-Europe partners were Ottawa and Melbourne. This feature in the London Review of Education brings to its readers papers from four LUCIDE partner cities: Limassol, Rome, Strasbourg, and Ottawa (with the latter’s research here comparing the services in Montreal and Vancouver). These papers have been selected to provide insights into new explorations of multilingualism in cosmopolitan cities. The term ‘cosmopolitan cities’ is used to place the emphasis on a positive approach to diversity stemming from the premise that diversity is a resource for individuals and societies. The LUCIDE network directly built upon the LETPP (Languages in Europe: Theory, Policy and Practice) project, funded in 2010 by the EU Lifelong Learning Programme. The LETPP vision was that multilingual cities would be trailblazing new ways to approach and utilize diversity. The LUCIDE network proposal aimed to extend the aims and delivery of this project, and was developed and funded by the European Commission Lifelong Learning Programme from December 2011 to November 2014. Its main activities were to carry out research as the basis for developing guidelines for multilingual cities relating to the following five spheres: