Summary Introduction The aim of this research was to determine oral hygiene related habits, knowledge and behavior in children with asthma compared to healthy children. Methodology This study included 136 children, between 6 to 16 years of age, divided into the two groups. The first group included children with asthma (study group - SG), while the second included healthy children (control group - CG). A questionnaire containing three groups of questions related to oral-hygiene and dietery habits as well as oral health related behaviour in children was prepared. Results The percentage of children from SG that brush teeth several times a day was 60.2% compared to 77.2% of CG children (p<0.05). 19.1% of SG group children versus 38.2% of CG children brush their teeth longer than 2 minutes (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of knowledge about plaque impact on oral health between the two groups (p>0.05). More than half (52.9%) of CG respondents regularly visit dentist, while 50.0% of SG goes regularly (p<0.01). 51.5% of CG children visit the pediatric dentist due to preventive reasons, while SG children goes mainly due to rehabilitation of teeth (42.6%). The fear of dental procedures is more pronounced in SG compared to CG children (p<0.001). Conclusion Oral hygiene related habits and oral health behavior were worse in children with asthma, while no difference was found in relation to the knowledge among the observed groups.

Introduction: Aim of this paper is to describe some of models of outsourcing (numerous and response to different types of risks and increment of quality is based on individual problem and situation). Defining whether to outsource or not and whether to build or buy new information technology (IT) is question for contract research organization (CRO) and Pharma companies dealing with clinical trials, so the aim of this paper is to show business model that could make process of decision making less time consuming, less segmented and more efficient. Material and methods: This paper has a descriptive character, and represents a review of the literature that deals with the described issues. Results: Outsourcing should enable optimal capacity flexibility (technology that is outsourced should be done only optimally not entirely). The goal with CRO partners is to establish equivalent levels of global quality, as extensions of other research and development activities (by unification of standards of performance of alliance partners with best standards of industry). IT is gaining greater significance at each stage of clinical study and represent an inevitable element of the quality of a clinical study (for the purpose of monitoring of clinical site activities, data collection and management, medical monitoring, statistical programming, statistical analysis, clinical study reporting). Conclusion: CROs are able to maximize work within the CRO global development, to support the notion of a fully integrated outsourced company; facilitate the use of similar business processes and norms, reusing established CRO standards and improve CRO operational decision making within outsourced studies by providing consistent and current information across outsourced and in-house activities.

Introduction: Accessory renal arteries play a significant role in kidney and abdominal aorta surgery, and renovascular hypertension. In the published literature, the frequency varies considerably, depending on the size of the sample, the method of examination and the ethnic group. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study is to determine the general frequency of accessory renal arteries, their frequency in relation to gender, the origin and the vascularization area, and to determine the differences in left-right and bilateral distribution. Results and Discussion: CT scans of 1357 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Accessory renal arteries were recorded in 35.5% of patients, with a statistically significant difference in male and female incidence (p<0.05) with a ratio of 1.4 : 1. Accessory arteries occur more commonly unilaterally (p<0.05) than bilaterally with a ratio of 4 : 1. Unilateral accessory renal arteries occur at approximately the same frequency at right and left side 1.1 : 1, without statistically significant differences in frequencies (p>0.05). Of the total number of noticed accessory renal arteries 76.7% was originated from abdominal aorta (AA), 23% from renal artery and 0.3% from CIA, with a ratio of 3.3: 1 : 0.0005. Conclusions: The study showed a relatively high frequency of accessory arteries and described their anatomy in detail, which can be of great importance in surgical interventions on abdominal aorta, kidneys, and in case of kidney transplantation.

Introduction: Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) is a chronic irreversible interstitial sclerosis, for which over the last 25 years, chronic exposure to aristolochic acid from the contaminated cereal seeds has been considered the most likely cause. The aim of our research is to reevaluate trends of disease and to try to obtain new information about practical implementing of in-field screening of BEN, and to find indicators or a reliable biomarker for an early detection of the disease, especially for in field conditions. Patients and methods: Study was conducted in two phases (two groups of respondents). The first group related to respondents with BEN and microalbuminuria in the family. After filling out the questionnaire and following the consent of the respondents, their medical records were taken, and they were subjected to clinical examination and laboratory tests as well as to abdominal ultrasound and urinary tract examination. Results: For a long time, the disease is asymptomatic, with no hypertension, anemia or disturbed glucoregulation. Only A1M values were increased in the second group (16.22 mg), whereas A1M/CrUrine value was normal in both groups. Renal function in form of creatinine clearence and size of kidneys were in their referent values. Conclusion: The early stages of the disease are nonspecific, with no hypertension and disturbed glucoregulation, with normal renal function and blood count. The kidney size was in referent values. The only reliable symptom in the early stage of the renal disease was microalbuminuria.

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (METS) represent a simultaneous presence of multiple metabolic disorders in one person. Prevalence is increasing worldwide, which is probably related to increased obesity and sedentary lifestyle. Non-alcoholic steatosis or “fatty liver” is a metabolic disease caused by fat dysfunction. It can be a sign of some other disease, and can often be found in patients with metabolic disorders. Ultrasound is an acceptable method for the identification of fatty steatosis. There is evidence that when turmeric is used as a herbal diet, with its active metabolite of curcumin, can repair fatty acidosis and thus prevent progression of fatty steatosis complications such as cirrhosis and liver cancer. Goal. The aim of the study was to determine the effects of 400 mg curcuminaddition to the nutrition on ultrasound morphological characteristics of the liver in METS patients. Methodology: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 subjects with METS, treated in the family medicine practice of the Tuzla Canton, aged 35-70 years. The therapeutic effects of 400 mg curcumin on ultrasound-morphological characteristics of the liver were followed, validated by ultrasound in 50 respondents of experimental groups with METS. The data were processed by the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 statistical analysis program using parametric techniques andStudent’s t-test for paired samples. Results: There were 65% of women in the study. There were no statistically significant differences in the age of respondents within the analyzed groups. The use of 400 mg curcumin per day was statistically significantly improved ultrasound morphological characteristics of the liver in subjects with METS. Conclusion: All respondents with METS who used curcumin had beneficial effects on the morphological characteristics of the liver. Curcumin had stronger effects on subjects with METS and DM type 2 than others.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether there is a correlation between self-evaluated quality of life, anxiety, depression, motivation, subjective-rated financial status, education, age and autonomous movements in patients with chronic conditions. Respondents and Methods: The study consecutively included 68 chronically ill patients, the average chronological age of 56.21 years. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for self-evaluation of the quality of life of respondents was used to evaluate the presence of anxiety and depression, the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire-Short Form was used for self-evaluation of the quality of life, and the Visual analogue scale of motivation was used for self-evaluation of the level of motivation. Results: It was found that anxiety, depression, education, financial status, chronological age and mobility have a significant impact on the sense of satisfaction with the quality of life of patients with chronic diseases. Conclusions: These results are important for clinical practice, planning and delivery of health services, evaluation of the implemented public health measures.