<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><strong>Aim </strong>To examine the association between metabolic parameters and novel cardiometabolic indices with the coronary artery calcium score (CACS).</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 130 patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at the Radiology Clinic of the Clinical Centre of the University of Sarajevo between January and June 2024.<strong> </strong>Patients were classified into two groups: those with CACS &le;100 and those with CACS &gt;100.<strong> </strong>Platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), uric acid (UA), and novel cardiometabolic indices, including Castelli risk index I and II (CRI-I and CRI-II), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), were compared between the groups.</p> <p><strong>Results </strong>Patients with CACS &gt;100 had significantly higher MPV, TC, LDL-C, UA, non-HDL-C, CRI-I, CRI-II, and the UA/eGFR ratio. Older age, increased platelet activity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and the higher UA/eGFR ratio correlated positively with CACS, whereas eGFR correlated negatively. In multivariate regression analysis, the UA/eGFR ratio emerged as an independent predictor of higher CACS (OR = 2.37; 95% CI 1.18&ndash;4.78; p=0.017).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion </strong>Elevated UA levels and adverse cardiometabolic indices are associated with greater coronary artery calcification. The UA/eGFR ratio independently predicts higher CACS, highlighting its potential prognostic value.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>coronary angiography, glomerular filtration rate, uric acid, vascular calcification</p>

Aim This study compared the extent of coronary artery calcification in patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography (CCTA). Methods This retrospective, observational cohort study included 107 patients who underwent CCTA at the Clinical Centre of the University of Sarajevo between July and December 2024. Patients were divided into two groups: those with T2DM (n=51) and those without T2DM (n=56). Laboratory parameters, demographic data, and calcium scores were analysed. The calcium score was categorised into six groups based on cardiovascular risk and the comparison was made using appropriate statistical analysis. Results Patients with T2DM had significantly higher calcium scores than non-diabetic patients (p=0.0001). In the T2DM group, 35.3% of patients had a calcium score >400, indicating high cardiovascular risk. Patients without diabetes were more frequently classified into lower-risk categories (p=0.0001). A significant correlation was found between calcium score and age (r=0.442, p=0.001) and gender (r=-0.218, p=0.024), with men having higher calcium scores. Additionally, total cholesterol, LDL, and uric acid levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients (p=0.005; p=0.025; p=0.03, respectively). Conclusion This study confirms a strong association between T2DM and increased coronary artery calcification. Age and male gender are significant predictors of higher calcium scores. Further research is needed to explore these relationships, particularly within the Bosnian population. Keywords Coronary angiography, coronary artery calcification, coronary disease, diabetes mellitus type 2.

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer among women worldwide, therefore an early and precise process of diagnostics plays an important role in improving the prognosis and outcome of treatment. The application of artificial intelligence (AI) allows faster and more precise analysis of medical imaging, which contributes to the early detection of tumors and lowers the number of false-negative results. This review article analyzed 60 scientific papers and using the most recent findings about this topic, searched for AI implementation in breast cancer research and how AI may improve overall survival outcomes for breast cancer patients.

Moždani udar ili cerebrovaskularni inzult (CVI) je u današnje vrijeme jedan od glavnih uzroka smrtnosti i invaliditeta u svijetu. Veoma značajnu ulogu u dijagnostici CVI-a zauzima magnetna rezonanca (MR), koja se ogleda u mogućnosti klasifikacije i otkrivanju patofiziologije kako bi se pravovremeno i brzo postupilo sa terapijskim tretmanom ukoliko je došlo do pojave CVI-a. Ciljevi: Uporediti kvalitet prikaza CVI-a  između T2 FLAIR i T2 sekvence, utvrditi utjecaj lokalizacije CVI-a na intenzitet signala, utvrditi utjecaj vremena  pojave CVI-a na intenzitet signala. Utvrditi smo kategorije pacijenata kod kojih najčešće nastaje CVI, kao i korelaciju između uputne i definitivne dijagnoze. Metode istraživanja: Istraživanje je dizajnirano kao retrospektivna deskriptivna studija. Rad je realiziran u Kliničkom centru Univerziteta u Sarajevu, na Klinici za radiologiju. U studiju je uključeno 50 pacijenata kod kojih MR nalaz ukazuje na prisustvo CVI-a. Ispitivanje je obavljeno na MRI jedinicama jačine 1.5 i 3.0 T. Rezultati: Od ukupnog broja pacijenata 50 (100%), 32 su muškog pola (64%), a 18 (36%) ženskog pola. CVI je najčešće bio prisutan kod pacijenata muškog pola u grupi od 61-70 godine, dok je kod pacijenata ženskog pola najčešće bio prisutan u grupi od 71-80 godine. 52% pacijenata je imalo jedan od faktora rizika za nastanka CVI-a, HTA je bila prisutna kod 28% pacijenata a DM kod 22% pacijenata. T2 FLAIR sekvenca je imala veće vrijednosti intenziteta signala na lateralnom rubu CVI-a, dok je T2 sekvenca imala veće vrijednosti u centru i prednjem rubu CVI-a.  T2 FLAIR sekvenca je imala veći intenzitet signala na lokacijama: thalamus, mesencephalon, okcipitalno kortikalno subkortikalno i  područje kapsule interne. T2 sekvenca je imala veći intenzitet signala lokacijama: medula oblongata, parieto okcipitalno kortikalno subkortikalno, frontoparietalno paraventrikularno, parietalno kortikalno subkortikalno, frontoparietalno kortikalno subkortikalno, cerebelum i pons. Najčešća uputna  dijagnoza je bila CVI. Zaključak: T2 FLAIR sekvenca je senzitivnija kod prikaza akutnog i subakutnog CVI-a. T2 sekvenca je senzitivnija kod prikaza hroničnog CVI-a, čime radna hipoteza u ovom slučaju nije u potpunosti dokazana.

Contouring, planning and dose calculation in treatment planning systems (TPS) are based on computedtomography (CT) images. Therefore, it is important to have developed, optimized and adapted scanning protocolsfor specific anatomic regions and special radiotherapy modalities such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The aimof this study was to determine influence of tube voltage, field of view size (FOV) and reconstruction kernels on CTnumbers and the resulting radiotherapy (RT) dose calculation.This study was performed at Clinic of Oncology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Verification electrondensity and CT number values was performed using CIRS Thorax 002LFC phantom, while anthropomorphic CIRS038 phantom for stereotactic end-to-end verification was used for the purpose of dose plan calculation analysis withlarge bore CT simulator Canon Aquillion LB.The significant correlation between the tube voltage and the measuredvalues of CT numbers is significant for all materials (p < 0.05), except for water (p = 0.310). No significantcorrelation between FOV and obtained values of CT numbers was found in any of the evaluated tissue equivalentmaterials. Evaluating the impact of reconstruction kernels on Hounsfield units (HU), significant deviations werefound for the FC62, FC68 and FC07 reconstruction kernels. Also, analyzing the influence of reconstruction kernelson the RT dose calculation, the extreme values are associated with Dmin/D in PTV for kernels FC41 and FC68, wheredeviations from the values obtained using the baseline scanning parameters were -1.3% and -1.9%. For deviation of1 HU in muscle tissue of CIRS 002LFC, the calculated Dmin/D in PTV of CIRS STEEV phantom will reduce by0.79%. Similarly, the reduction of D₉₈ and D₂ would be 6.8 cGy and 3.03 cGy for 1 HU, respectively. Change of thereconstruction kernels caused differences of 0.4% in Dmin/D calculation in clinical target volume (CTV).CT scanning and reconstruction parameters may affect Hounsfield units, which could have an impact on dosecalculations in RT plan. Hence, it is recommended to standardize the scanning protocol used in calibration curvegeneration for TPS. One should avoid use of different tube voltages and kernels, while according to this study, thechange of FOV will have no impact on dose calculations

Objective: Determination of the importance of computed tomography in the diagnosis of pulmonary infection caused by COVID-19 infection, to compare computed tomography and computed tomography in detecting pathological changes caused by COVID-19 infection, and to prove the sensitivity and specificity of computed tomography. Method: The results of prospective and retrospective studies were used to write this review article, by systematic selection on Internet scientific databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Crossref. Results: Based on a systematic review of the literature, it was established that chest CR is the first diagnostic method of choice, due to its wide availability. Conclusion: CT is a highly sensitive diagnostic method, and is recommended for more severe stages of the disease and accelerated exacerbation of the disease, in patients with slow regression of radiographic findings and in patients recovering from COVID-19 with impaired lung function.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).1 It started in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, after which quickly spread to many other countries around the world. Chest radiography (CXR) and computed tomography (CT) play key roles in managment and diagnosis of COVID-19. In this case series we are presenting three patients with predominant left-sided changes caused by COVID-19 infection.

Conjoined twins are an exceptionally rare phenomenon caused by partial separation of an early embryo after the twelfth day of fertilization. In this article we are reporting a case of conjoined twins diagnosed in our department. During a examination in the XXI week of gestation, a 24 years old woman, with the presence of labial herpes simplex following an ultrasound examination was suspected of carrying conjoined twins. To confirm, we performed prenatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), which proved the existence of cephalothoracoomphalopagus.

The clinical appliance of perfusion is being continuously developed and it is closely related to technology development. The role of perfusion neuroimaging in the management of acute stroke has been to prove reduced regional blood flow and to give the contribution in the identification of ischemic areas, respectively the regions of hypoperfusion that can be treated by thrombolytic and/or endovascular recanalization therapy. There are two main approaches to the measurement of cerebral perfusion by magnetic resonance. The aim of this article is to compare different measuring approaches of MR perfusion neuroimaging.