Introduction. Parkinson?s disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with as many as 50-70% of patients experiencing psychotic symptoms during the course of the illness. Our aim was to provide an evidence-based review on the etiology, prevalence and management of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson?s disease. Material and Methods. We used references from the ?Medline? database published from 1999 to 2019. Results. The most common psychotic symptoms in Parkinson?s disease are visual hallucinations, which occur in 25-30% of patients, acoustic hallucinations in about 20%, and delusions in around 5% of these patients. The etiology of psychotic symptoms is not fully clarified, but researchers suggest a complex interrelationship of factors associated with the disease itself and the factors associated with antiparkinsonian medications. After exclusion of other etiologic causes of psychotic symptoms, it is necessary to revise the type and dose of antiparkinsonian drugs. Although pimavanserin has recently been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration, the current treatment of choice for psychotic symptoms in Parkinson?s disease is still quetiapine. Only patients who do not tolerate or do not respond to quetiapine are treated with clozapine, which has been proven more effective, but with significant side effects. Conclusion. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson?s disease are essential, because they dramatically affect the quality of life of patients and their families. Therefore, it is necessary to establish more effective tools for screening and treatment of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson?s disease.

In this article is presented the second part of data on selected new and noteworthy taxa for a flora of Serbia resulting from the ongoing process of examination and revision of the Herbarium collection of the Institute for Nature Conservation of the Vojvodina province (PZZP). These data are including 22 species, 14 subspecies, 1 variety, 1 form, 1 infraspecific taxon with indetermined taxonomical status [stat. indet.] and one nothospecies belonging to 11 genera (Leontodon L., Lepidium L., Leucanthemella Tzvelev, Leucanthemum Mill., Leucojum Mill., Limonium Mill., Limosella L., Linaria Mill., Lindernia All., Linum L. and Scorzoneroides Moench). One subspecies (Linum capitatum subsp. serrulatum), one nothospecies (Linaria ×oligotricha) and 3 taxa on the different infraspecific levels are new for a flora of Serbia.

Introduction. The association between substance use and aggression derives from the fact that among violent crime offenders there is a large number of people with alcohol and drug abuse. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence of psychoactive substance addicts in the population of violent crime offenders, as well as to consider possible measures to reduce the crime rates in this population. Material and Methods. Forensic psychiatric reports were used to assess 94 violent offenders from 2001 to 2018. The expert reports were obtained from the Psychiatry Clinic in Novi Sad, Serbia, including court case files, medical records, and psychiatric and psychological records of all offenders. Results. We have found that of the total of 94 violent crime offenders, as many as 25% suffered from some form of mental disorder. More than half of those with mental disorders from this group suffered from disorders induced by psychoactive substances, which means that as many as 15% of all offenders had some form of addiction. On the other hand, as much as 50% of all the offenders were under the influence of psychoactive substances at the time of the offense, predominantly by alcohol. Conclusion. Further research is needed in order to develop specific programs for the prevention of violence in the population using psychoactive substances.

Introduction. Post-dural puncture headache is classified as a secondary headache attributable to non-vascular intracranial disorders and belongs to the group of headaches caused by low cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Etiopathogenesis. The pathogenesis is not completely clear, but it is thought to be caused by the cerebrospinal fluid leak through the duct opening. Cerebrospinal fluid efflux leads to a decrease in intracranial pressure and stretching of the pain sensitive intracranial structures. A drop in intracranial pressure can cause compensatory cerebrovascular vasodilation, contributing to the onset of a headache. Diagnosis and Therapy. Post-dural puncture headache clinically presents as an orthostatic headache. In most cases, the diagnosis is made based on a typical clinical picture and it can be confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging and measurement of cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The condition is usually benign, most often with spontaneous recovery. The therapy involves conservative treatment, medications, as well as some invasive methods: epidural blood patches, blockage of the greater occipital nerve, and in most severe cases, epidural injection of fibrin sealant or surgical dural repair. Conclusion. Post-dural puncture headache is a common complaint in the clinical practice of neurologists and anesthesiologists. The prognosis is usually favourable, while the therapy may include conservative or invasive treatment procedures.