To achieve efficient and flexible production at affordable prices, industrial automation is pushed towards a digital transformation. Such a transformation assumes an enhancement of current Industrial Automated Control Systems with a large amount of IoT-devices, forming an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The aim is to enable a shift from automatic towards autonomous control in such systems. This paper discusses some of the main challenges IIoT systems are facing with respect to cybersecurity. We discuss our findings in an example of a flow-control loop, where we apply a simple threat model based on the STRIDE method to deduce cybersecurity requirements in an IIoT context. Moreover, the identified requirements are assessed in the light of current state of the art solutions, and a number of challenges are discussed with respect to a large-scale IIoT system, together with some suggestions for future work.

There is a growing interest in using the Blockchain for resolving IoT security and trustworthiness issues existing in today’s complex systems. Blockchain concerns trust in peer to peer networks by providing a distributed tamper-resistant ledger. However, the combination of these two emerging technologies might create new problems and vulnerabilities that attackers might abuse.In this paper, we aim to investigate the trust mechanism of Lightweight Scalable BlockChain (LSB), that is a Blockchain specifically designed for Internet of Things networks, to show that a malicious participant in a Blockchain architecture have possibility to pursue an On-Off attack and downgrade the integrity of the distributed ledger. We choose a remote software update process as an instance to represent this violation. Finally, using the actor-based language Rebeca, we provide a model of a system under attack and verify the described attack scenario.

In process automation installations, the I/O system connect the field devices to the process controller over a fieldbus, a reliable, real-time capable communication link with signal values cyclical being exchanged with a 10–100 millisecond rate. If a deviation from intended behaviour occurs, analyzing the potentially vast data recordings from the field can be a time consuming and cumbersome task for an engineer. For the engineer to be able to get a full understanding of the problem, knowledge of the used I/O configuration is required. In the problem report, the configuration description is sometimes missing. In such cases it is difficult to use the recorded data for analysis of the problem.In this paper we present our ongoing work towards using neural network models as assistance in the interpretation of an industrial fieldbus communication recording. To show the potential of such an approach we present an example using an industrial setup where fieldbus data is collected and classified. In this context we present an evaluation of the suitability of different neural net configurations and sizes for the problem at hand.

Changing the optical fiber parameters during long-term use can not be mathematically calculated. This paper analyses the change of optical fibers from the aspect of ageing under the influence of transmitted signals and the aspect of water influences. The analysis was carried out in such a way as to compare the measurements carried out after the installation of optical cables and measurements after 16 years of use. The analysis has been shown to vary greatly the loss of fiber optic splice for different wavelengths. These different loss for wavelengths 1310 nm and 1550 nm suggest that the loss of optical fiber has increased due to the impact of water.

Objectives We sought to determine the feasibility and characterize the extinction kinetics of circulating cell-free tumor DNA (cfDNA) testing in endometrial and ovarian carcinomas (ECs, OCs) using a clinically-approved commercially-available assay. Methods Women with suspected EC/OC undergoing surgery were consented for tissue and plasma sampling including pre-operative and serial post-operative draws. Tumour tissue and patient-matched buffy coat was extracted for DNA and sequenced for somatic mutations using FINDIT™ panel assay. Plasma samples were extracted for cfDNA and sequenced using FOLLOWIT™, Illumina platform, and analyzed using Contextual Genomics’s QUALITY NEXUS analysis pipelines. Low-frequency variants were confirmed by digital droplet PCR. Results 44 individuals had sufficient tissue and follow-up for inclusion; 24 ECs (13 endometrioid, 10 high-grade serous (HGS), 1 clear cell(CC)), 18 OCs (17 HGS 1, CC), and 2 synchronous endometrial and ovarian carcinomas. Eight ECs and 15 OC cases were advanced stage (II-IV) with residual disease in 2 ECs and 5 OCs, 8 recurrence events and 3 deaths recorded. Compliance with plasma sampling was high(>95%) when requested in hospital or at routine surveillance visits but dropped to 68% for ‘extra’ study-associated visits. Analysis to date reveals cfDNA was detectable in pre-operative samples of 19 individuals (9 ECs, 10 OCs including 4 early stage) and 6/10 tested post-operatively. Normalization of conventional tumour markers post-operatively took a median of 3mo in contrast to rapid loss of detectable cfDNA. Conclusions cfDNA testing is feasible and may enhance surveillance of endometrial and ovarian carcinomas by reflecting i) volume of disease pre-/post-operatively, ii) response to therapy, and/or iii) recurrence.

Chainsaw is the main tool for work in a phase of wood felling and processing of forest harvesting in BiH. The aim of the research was to determine fuel and lubricant consumption of the chainsaws Husqvarna 365 and Dolmar PS – 7310 in the phase of felling and processing of wood assortments at the area of P.J. Forest Office „Zavidovići“, forest compartment 203. The volumetric method was applied for the measurement of fuel and lubricants consumption, with precise determination of fuel and lubricant quantity in chainsaw tanks. In total 140 trees of the sessile oak were felled (70 trees with chainsaw Husqvarna 365 and 70 trees with chainsaw Dolmar PS – 7310) during the research. The diameter at the breast height of felled trees ranged from 15 to 84 cm, while tree height ranged from 10,3 to 37,2 m. The total volume of processed assortments was 180,11 m3. The average fuel consumption per m3 processed assortments was 0,306 L/m3 for trees felled by chainsaw Husqvarna 365 which is for 0,042 L/m3 larger in comparison to chainsaw Dolmar PS – 7310 with average fuel consumption of 0,264 L/m3. The average lubricant consumption per m3 processed assortments was 0,102 L/m3 for trees felled by chainsaw Husqvarna 365 which is for 0,012 L/m3 larger in comparison to chainsaw Dolmar PS – 7310 with average lubricant consumption of 0,09 L/m3. Considering conducted research it can be assumed that there are differences in fuel and lubricant consumption between this two type of chainsaws for considered working conditions, but differences are not statistically significant.

Introduction: Occupational stress is inevitable, but prolonged and intense can lead to serious health problems. Neglecting this significant aspect of work and inadequate treatment of the first indicators results in the reduced working capacity of healthcare professionals. Material and methods: Assessing working conditions of 100 healthcare professionals regarding stress impact on empathy and workability was the primary goal of this study. A survey was conducted to identify differences between work in intensive care units and other clinical departments all related to empathy, workability, and stress perceiving to determine what is a better predictor of workability. Results: In the research group “intensive care units”, significantly lower empathy quotients, poorer workability, and different stressors were registered compared to research groups named “other departments”. Conclusion: The main conclusion of the study states different dynamics in the working environment of intensive care units compared to other departments that could potentially harm the personal capacity of healthcare professionals. 

This research examines different hypotheses that explain generic profitability within the framework of the hypothesis of efficiency, representing its main contribution to the use of direct measurement of efficiency through profitability and market competition. This measurement is achieved using pioneering techniques using a model in the scientific work Profitability, market structure and efficiency by M. Gumbau and J. Maudos (2000). Evidence obtained enables us not to reject the hypothesis about the profitability of oil producers in B&H, to determine whether the concentration positively affects profitability, and further, the results in most cases, enabled us to reject a clean hypothesis of efficiency since, although efficiency contributes positively to explaining the differences in profitability, the market share, which encompasses the effect of market power, also has a positive impact on it. So, from results obtained we do not reject the hypothesis of profitability so that we find positive relationship between profitability and the market share of Oil industry in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Neonikotinoid grubu pestisitler, nikotine benzeyen davranislariyla sinirdokularini etkileyen insektisitlerdir. Bu insektisit grubunun ozellikle balarisi kolonileri uzerindeki olumcul etkileri bilinmektedir. Bunun yanindaki diger olumsuz ekolojik etkileri nedeniyle bazi turlerinin kullanimi cesitli ulkelerde yasaklanmistir. Neonikotinoid grubundan bir insektisit turu olan Clothianidin, su ve toprak gibi cevresel ortamlarda bulunabilen yasaklanmis insektisit turlerinden biridir. Clothianidin kalici ve yuksek hareketlilige sahip, hidrolize direncli, yeraltisuyuna ve yuzeysel sulara sizma potansiyeline sahip bir neonikotinoid grubu pestisit turu olarak bilinmektedir. Clothianidinin gorunur isik karsisindaki fotodegradasyon davranisini belirlemek ve aritma formulasyonlari gelistirmek bu kirleticilerle kirlenmis atiksularin yonetiminde onemlidir. Bu calismanin amaci, Clothinanidin’in ileri oksidasyon yontemleriyle giderim etkinligini arastirmaktir. Calisma kapsaminda Clothianidin’in UV-A, UV-C isinlari karsisindaki kararliliginin yaninda TiO 2 ve oksijen destegi ile su icerisindeki fotokatalitik bozunmasi da arastirilmistir. Clothianidinin sulu cozeltisi 0-120 dakika arasinda degisen sureler boyunca UV-A, UV-A+TiO 2 , UV-A+TiO 2 +O 2 ve UV-C uygulamalarina tabi tutulmus, surec esnasinda degisen Clothianidin konsantrasyonu HPLC analizleriyle izlenmistir. UV-A uygulamasina tabi tutulan cozeltideki Clothianidin duzeyinin sabit kaldigi, kirleticinin herhangi bir bozunmaya ugramadigi gozlenmistir. Ancak TiO 2 varliginda yapilan UV-A uygulamasi, herhangi bir giderim etkisi gostermeyen UV-A uygulamasina gore uygulama suresiyle artan bir Clothianidin giderim egilimiyle sonuclanmistir.  UV-A+TiO 2 uygulamasinin %42 oraninda bir giderimle sonuclandigi gorulmustur. UV-A+TiO 2 surecine oksijen ilave edilerek yapilan uygulamada ise oksijenin Clothianidin’in bozunmasina olumlu bir etkisinin oldugu, giderim veriminin artarak %42’den %69 duzeyine ulastigi gorulmustur. UV-C uygulamasi ile 5 dakika gibi kisa bir surede %99’a varan bir giderim verimi elde edilmistir. TiO 2 ve oksijen varliginda gerceklestirilen fotokatalik yontemin ve ozellikle UV-C uygulamasinin diger yontemlerden cok daha etkili oldugu ve aritma cozumlerinde tercih edilebilecegi sonucuna varilmistir.

Zadnjih desetljeća, primjena politike zaštite prirode, zasnovane na principima javnog sudjelovanja, postala je jedna od glavnih izazova za znanstvenike i donositelje odluka. Primjena politike očuvanja prirode slijedi dva osnovna pristupa: izdvajanje na osnovi prostorne podjele zaštićenih područja od proizvodnih, i pristup integracije, na temelju kojega se uključuju proizvodne i zaštitne namjene prostora. U mnogo slučajeva primjena politike očuvanja prirode uzrokovala je porast sukoba radi različitih i kompetitivnih principa korištenja zemlje, različitih interesa i pogleda. Cilj istraživanja je analizirati mišljenja stručnjaka o mogućim sukobima, prilikama i teškoćama za ljudske aktivnosti, ograničenjima u gospodarenju šumom vezano na uspostavu novih zaštićenih područja. Istraživanje je strukturirano u tri osnovna koraka: analiza stručnjaka, anketiranje i statistička obrada prikupljenih podataka. Polu-strukturirani upitnik putem emaila poslan je stručnjacima prema planiranom uzorku u svaku zemlju koja je uključena u COST CAPABAL projekt (COST Targeted Network TN1401 “CAPABAL” (41 sudionik u 10 zemalja). Podaci su statistički obrađeni, kako bi se naglasile razlike između EU28 zemalja članica i nečlanica i među institucijama (javna administracija, stručnjaci iz šumarstva i drvne industrije, fakulteta i istraživačkih institucija i okolišnih nevladinih organizacija). Na kraju prikupljanja podataka, sakupljn je 41 upitnik, koji su ispunili stručnjaci podijeljeni na zemlje članice EU (22 upitnika sa udjelom 54% u uzorku), i 19 stručnjaka iz zemalja izvan EU (46%). Promatrajući distribuciju uzorka prema zainteresiranim grupama, 41,5% ispitanika predstavlja javnu administraciju, 29,3% sveučilišta i istraživačke institute, 22% sudjeluje u lancu šuma-drvo, 7,3% su članovi nevladinih okolišnih udruga. Rezultati pokazuju da su najčešće vrste sukoba one koje su vezane za procedure uspostave novih zaštićenih zona, s posebnim naglaskom na ograničenja prava vlasništva i dodatno administriranje. Sudionici iz zemalja koje nisu EU28 članice, više su naglasile važnost ograničenja lovnih aktivnosti kao potencijalni sukob u usporedbi za sudionicima iz EU28 zemalja članica. Vezano na mogućnosti i ograničenja ljudskih aktivnosti u zaštićenim područjima, rezultati su pokazali da je razvoj ekoturizma jedna on najznačajnijih prilika za razvoj ruralnih marginalnih područja. Najveća zapreka je otežano gospodarenja šumom (pridobivanje drva) vezano za zahtjeve očuvanja prirode. Konačno, rezultati pokazuju da na ispitivanom uzorku najveća zabrinutost u gospodarenju šumom su dodatno vrijeme i novac potreban za nadzor i primjenu aktivnosti očuvanja prirode u zaštićenim područjima. Za ispitanike iz EU28 zemalja članica najveća zabrinutost vezano na aktivnosti gospodarenja šumom je primjena aktivnosti očuvanja prirode u zaštićenim područjima, dok su ispitanici izvan EU28 zemalja istaknuli primjenu pesticida kao najvažniju promjenu u gospodarenju šumom. Stavovi stručnjaka su temeljna početna pozicija koju treba uzeti u obzir kako bi se umanjili sukobi između očuvanja prirode i ljudskih aktivnosti te povećala socijalna uključenost u politiku očuvanja prirode.

This study introduces Uncertainty Balance Principle (UBP) as a new concept/method for incorporating additional soft data into probabilistic credit risk assessment models. It shows that soft banking data, used for credit risk assessment, can be expressed and decomposed using UBP and thus enabling more uncertainty to be handled with a precise mathematical methodology. The results show that this approach has relevance to credit risk assessment models in the sense that it proved its usefulness for the purpose of soft-hard data fusion, it modified Probability of Default with soft data modeled using possibilistic (fuzzy) distributions and fused with hard probabilistic data via UBP and it obtained better classification prediction results on the overall sample. This was demonstrated on a simple example of one soft variable, two experts and a small sample and thus this is an approach/method that requires further research, enhancements and rigorous statistical testing for the application to a complete scoring and/or rating system

By using the Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser (KAM) theory, we investigate the stability of two elliptic equilibrium points (zero equilibrium and negative equilibrium) of the difference equation t n + 1 = α t n + β t n 2 − t n − 1 , n = 0 , 1 , 2 , … , where are t − 1 , t 0 , α ∈ R , α ≠ 0 , β > 0 . By using the symmetries we find the periodic solutions with some periods. Finally, some numerical examples are given to verify our theoretical results.

The clinical appliance of perfusion is being continuously developed and it is closely related to technology development. The role of perfusion neuroimaging in the management of acute stroke has been to prove reduced regional blood flow and to give the contribution in the identification of ischemic areas, respectively the regions of hypoperfusion that can be treated by thrombolytic and/or endovascular recanalization therapy. There are two main approaches to the measurement of cerebral perfusion by magnetic resonance. The aim of this article is to compare different measuring approaches of MR perfusion neuroimaging.

We investigate the formation of resonances in the P33 partial wave with the emphasis on possible emergence of dynamically generated quasi-bound states as a consequence of a strong $p$-wave pion attractive interaction in this partial wave, as well as their possible interaction with the genuine quark excited states. By using the Laurent-Pietarinen expansion we follow the evolution of the $S$-matrix poles in the complex energy plane as a function of the interaction strength. Already without introducing a genuine quark resonant state, two physically interesting resonances emerge with pole masses around 1200 MeV and 1400 MeV, with the dominant $\pi N$ and $\pi\Delta$ component, respectively. The added genuine resonant state in the $(1s)^3$ quark configuration mixes with the lower dynamically generated resonance forming the physical $\Delta(1232)$ resonance, and pushes the second dynamical resonance to around 1500 MeV, which allows it to be identified with the $\Delta(1600)$ resonance. Adding a second resonant state with one quark promoted to the $2s$ orbit generates another pole whose evolution remains well separated from the lower two poles. We calculate the helicity amplitudes at the pole and suggest that their $Q^2$ dependence could be a decisive test to discriminate between different models of the $\Delta(1600)$ resonance.